安全分析程序SAC-PREARS的开发

介绍了SAC-PREARS程序的基本数学模型。利用MISAP程序和通用程序TRAC-PFI对SAC-PREARS计算结果进行了验证。结果表明：SAC-PREARS程序能够有效地计算和分析核供热堆PRHRS的稳态和瞬态热工水力特性。     

全厂断电事故时TACR-1000非能动慢化剂余热排出系统排热能力研究

为了评估非能动慢化剂余热排出系统的有效性,本文采用CATHENA程序模拟了正常工况及冷却水流失事故工况下非能动慢化剂余热排出系统的排热能力.通过对慢化剂冷却系统的模拟计算得到稳态运行结果,将该结果作为瞬态分析的初始条件计算了非能动慢化剂余热排出系统的排热能力,对计算结果进行了分析.分析结果表明,非能动慢化剂余热排出系统能够保证反应堆安全.     

核电厂非能动安全壳热量导出系统瞬态模拟程序开发研究

开发了可用于模拟核电厂非能动安全壳热量导出系统的瞬态模拟程序。对程序的开发流程、子程序划分、程序结构、物理现象建模等方面进行了研究;还针对有关子程序和整个耦合的程序模块开展了验证工作,初步验证了程序计算结果的可靠性。文中所使用的程序开发流程、建模方法以及数值解法等可为后续非能动安全系统的设计分析与工程应用提供支持。     

先进堆非能动余热排出系统综合试验研究

介绍了先进堆非能动余热排出系统综合试验研究的试验装置和冷热芯位差阈值研究结果、稳态试验研究结果、瞬态特性分析结果,以及MISAP2.0程序改进、验证结果。试验研究结果可为先进压水堆核电站非能动余热排出系统原型设计(系统布置、设备容量和系统启动方式等)提供试验依据,并为舰船核动力装置非能动余热排出系统的研究与设计提供可参考的试验数据,开发的具有自主知识产权的MISAP2.0程序为我国自行设计先进堆非能动余热排出系统提供了必要的设计手段。     

CPR1000二次侧非能动应急热阱设计与事故缓解能力分析

在主给水管道破裂事故下,利用RELAP5/MOD34程序对CPR1000压水堆一回路热工水力参数瞬态特性进行分析计算,验证采用空冷换热器的CPR1000二次侧非能动应急热阱对事故的缓解能力。计算结果表明：CPR1000在发生主给水管道破裂事故后,二次侧非能动应急热阱完全可及时向蒸汽发生器补水,同时导出堆芯余热,保证反应堆处于安全状态,从而验证了CPR1000二次侧非能动应急热阱的设计是成功的。     

池式快堆系统瞬态分析软件开发

为实现快堆系统分析软件国产化,在已开发的适用于稳态计算的池式快堆系统分析软件SAC-CFR的基础上,进一步开发了系统各部件的瞬态模型、控制系统和保护系统模型、瞬态工况热工水力学的求解逻辑,完成瞬态计算功能的开发。通过对日本文殊快堆45%功率汽机跳闸工况进行建模分析,验证了SAC-CFR用于系统瞬态分析的有效性,为进一步开发非能动余热排出系统分析模型打下了基础。     

非能动安全壳冷却系统模拟分析程序PCCSAP-3D及其验证

PCCSAP-3D是我国自主开发用于分析评价非能动安全壳冷却系统(PCCS)的专用程序。通过对AP1000反应堆系统进行建模,使用PCCSAP-3D模拟分析AP1000在假想的冷却剂丧失(LOCA)以及主蒸汽管道破裂事故(MSLB)等设计基准事故下非能动安全系统的运行瞬态,并与西屋公司开发的非能动冷却系统分析程序WGOTHIC的计算结果进行对比。分析结果显示,两者吻合良好,PCCS能够有效地将假想事故下安全壳内的压力控制在设计安全限值以下。初步验证PCCSAP-3D程序对于AP1000反应堆PCCS冷却性能评价的可用性。     

非能动余热排出系统数学模型研究与运行特性分析

利用某型核动力装置非能动余热排出系统1:10原理性试验的8个稳态工况、6个启动工况的试验数据,验证RELAP5/MOD3.2程序对本类型非能动余热排出系统的适用性。结果表明:垂直管内蒸汽凝结换热系数对两相流自然循环的流动与传热影响大;RELAP5/MOD3.2程序过低估算了垂直管内蒸汽流速对蒸汽凝结换热系数的影响,计算结果与试验结果偏差大。对RELAP5/MOD3.2程序垂直管内的蒸汽凝结换热模型进行修正,修正后的计算结果与试验值基本吻合;采用RELAP5程序对垂直管内两相流自然循环传热进行计算,须选择热前沿跟踪模型。对非能动余热排出系统的稳态与瞬态运行特性进行分析,理论计算与试验结果均表明:稳态工况下,系统可以实现稳定的两相流自然循环,系统排热能力受蒸汽发生器水位的影响大,冷却水入口温度与系统压力的影响相对较小;系统的启动特性良好,可快速地建立环路的自然循环,带走反应堆的衰变热。     

液态金属冷却快堆子通道分析软件SACOS-LMR研发与工程应用

子通道分析方法是反应堆堆芯设计和热工水力分析的重要手段之一,对于我国提出的压水堆-快堆-聚变堆三步走核能发展战略,开发适用于液态金属冷却快堆热工安全分析的子通道分析程序具有重要意义。本文基于西安交通大学热工水力研究室自主开发的压水堆子通道程序SACOS,通过添加液态金属快堆特有的模型,如绕丝模型、盒间流模型、液态金属对流换热模型等,扩展至适用于液态金属快堆的子通道分析程序SACOS-LMR,该程序具备对液态金属快堆组件开展稳态和瞬态热工水力分析的功能。结合卡尔斯鲁厄开展的37棒钠冷瞬态实验,完成了SACOS-LMR程序的瞬态功能验证。基于验证后的SACOS-LMR程序,对欧洲铅冷快堆(ALFRED)堆芯开展了稳态工况和瞬态事故工况下的热工安全特性分析,计算结果合理,且与同类程序保持一致,表明SACOS-LMR程序可用于液态金属快堆的堆芯设计和热工水力分析研究。     

压水堆核动力系统瞬态热工水力特性分析仿真软件

采用点堆中子动力学模型、两相漂移流蒸汽发生器模型、三区不平衡稳压器模型、主循环泵四象限特性模型和非能动应急余热导出系统模型,并利用Compaq Visual Fortran 6.0语言开发了微机型压水反应堆瞬态热工水力特性分析程序,并利用Microsoft Visual Studio.NET语言实现输入参数的可视化、输出结果的实时处理和动态显示。利用RELAP5程序对本瞬态安全分析软件进行了可靠性验证,结果表明,本软件求解精度较高、速度快、界面新颖、功能完善、可操作性强。此外,利用本软件对秦山核电站事故瞬态工况下的热工水力特性进行了分析,得出了一些具有工程价值的结论。     

The development and verification of thermal-hydraulic code on passive residual heat removal system of Chinese advanced PWR

1 Introduction The technology of passive safety is the trend of safety systems in nuclear power plant, and various novel reactor concepts, including AP600, EPP1000, SPWR, WWER1000, and MS600, have adopted pas- sive safety systems [1]. Passive safety system is one of the main features of Chinese advanced PWR, which is different from other conventional PWR [2]. Passive residual heat removal system (PRHRS), which ac- counts for the majority of passive safety systems of Chinese advanced…     

Simulation of the small modular reactor severe accident scenario response to SBO using MELCOR code

Advanced small modular reactors (SMRs) use different design in the systems, structures, components from large reactors for achieving a high level of safety and reliability. In present work, the SMRs severe accident caused by the station blackout (SBO) was modeled and analyzed using MELCOR code, and the simulation of the accident scenario response to SBO was conducted. Based on the steady state calculation, which agrees well with designed values, we introduced the SBO accident for transient calculation. First, the case of the SBO accident without the passive core cooling system (PXS) was calculated. The progression and scenario in the reactor pressure vessel (RPV) and the containment were simulated and analyzed, including the transient response, cooling capacity and thermal-hydraulic characteristics and so on. The station black-out transient in the SMR can be simulated accurately, and the main failure model in the accident process can be concluded. Then three other cases of the SBO accident with different passive safety systems (core makeup tank (CMT), accumulator (ACC), passive residual heat removal system heat exchanger (PRHR HX), automatic depressurization system (ADS)) of the PXS were calculated respectively, and the results for different passive safety systems were compared. The passive core cooling system can not only provide water to the primary coolant system, but also take away the reactor decay residual heat. So in a station black-out transient, we can get more time for restoring AC power, and effectively prevent the accidents such as Fukushima.     

全厂断电事故下AP1000非能动余热排出系统分析

利用RELAP5/MOD3.3程序对AP1000反应堆一回路及非能动系统进行建模计算,给出了AP1000非能动余热排出系统（PRHRS）在全厂断电事故下的瞬态响应特性。计算结果表明：情况1,PHRH系统由蒸汽发生器低水位与低启动给水流量符合信号启动,稳压器安全阀的开启导致PRHRS发生倒流现象,并会引起堆芯冷却剂过热沸腾、压力容器进出口温差过大等后果;情况2,由断电信号直接触发PRHRS,触发前安全阀不开启,此时PRHRS正常运行。     

Thermal hydraulic analysis of SMART for heat removal transients by a secondary system

SMART is an integral type reactor of 330 MW, which enhances its safety by adopting inherent safety design features. Thermal hydraulic characteristics of transients in heat removal by a secondary system for the SMART have been carried out by means of the TASS/SMR and MATRA codes. The primary, secondary, and passive residual heat removal systems RHRS of the SMART were modeled properly. Then, a set of transients for the whole system was investigated. The results of the analyses using the conservative initial and boundary conditions showed that the safety features of the SMART design carried out their functions well and there was a strong moderator temperature coefficient due to the soluble boron free reactor affected by the transient behavior. The natural circulation was well established in the primary and passive residual heat removal systems during the transients and was enough to ensure a stable plant shutdown condition after a reactor trip.     

全厂断电事故工况下小型铅铋快堆余热排出能力评价

小型铅铋快堆的非能动余热排出系统（PRHRS）主要是为应对全厂断电（SBO）事故,但目前并不确定该PRHRS能否有效带走堆芯衰变热以保证堆芯安全,因此开展了数值分析研究评价PRHRS的余热排出能力。本文使用RELAP5 4.0程序开展了小型铅铋快堆SBO事故热工水力分析,首先进行稳态计算,之后将稳态结果作为初值进行瞬态计算。研究结果表明：在整个SBO事故中,包壳峰值温度最高为820 K,主容器与保护容器壁面最高温度分别为792 K和769 K,均未超过安全限值,表明此PRHRS可有效应对小型铅铋快堆SBO事故。本文研究可为小型铅铋快堆PRHRS的工程设计奠定技术基础。     

Thermal hydraulic calculation in a passive residual heat removal system of the SMART-P plant for forced and natural convection conditions

An investigation of the thermal hydraulic characteristics in the passive residual heat removal system of the System integrated Modular Advanced ReacTor-P (SMART-P) has been carried out using the MARS code, which is a best estimate system analysis code. The SMART-P is designed to cool the system during accidental conditions by a natural convection. The dominant heat transfer in the steam generator is a boiling mode under a forced convection condition, and it is a single-phase liquid and a boiling heat transfer under a natural convection condition. Most of the heat is removed in the heat exchanger of the passive residual heat removal system by a condensation heat transfer. The passive residual heat removal system can remove the energy from the primary side as long as the heat exchanger is submerged in the refueling water tank. The mass flow is stable under a natural circulation condition though it oscillates periodically with a small amplitude. The parameter study is performed by considering the effects of an effective height between the steam generator and the heat exchanger, a hydraulic resistance, an initial pressure, a non-condensable gas fraction in the compensating tank, and a valve actuation time, which are useful for the design of the passive residual heat removal system. The mass flow in the passive residual heat removal system has been affected by the height between the steam generator and the heat exchanger, and the hydraulic resistance of the loop.     

熔盐堆热管式非能动余热排出系统建模及程序开发

热管式非能动余热排出系统（HP-PRHRS）概念设计可有效提升熔盐堆非能动安全特性。基于HP-PRHRS结构和熔盐堆运行特点，建立了一套较为完整的数学物理模型，涵盖了熔盐堆堆芯物理热工耦合、高温热管和HP-PRHRS运行等。采用上述模型开发了HP-PRHRS分析程序PRAC，利用MSRE基准题和瞬态实验数据进行了对比验证。结果表明：PRAC程序计算值与基准题和实验结果吻合良好，证明了模型和程序的准确性。HP-PRHRS模型和PRAC程序能为后续开展HP-PRHRS深入设计提供模型和软件基础。     

Modeling and Code Development of HP-PRHRS for Molten Salt Reactor

The conceptual design of heat pipe cooled passive residual heat removal system (HP-PRHRS) was proposed to improve passive safety performance of molten salt reactor (MSR). Based on the structure of HP-PRHRS and the operation performance of MSR, a set of reasonable mathematical physical models were built, mainly including reactor core physical thermal model, high temperature heat pipe model and HP-PRHRS model. Analysis code PRAC for HP-PRHRS was developed for MSR adopting those models. The verification of the code was conducted using MSRE benchmark and the transient experimental data. The results show that the calculated value of PRAC code is in good agreement with the benchmark and experimental results, which proves the accuracy of the model and code. HP-PRHRS model and PRAC code can support and provide foundation for the future research on MSR.