SemWebDL: A privacy-preserving Semantic Web infrastructure for digital libraries

Recent advances in digital libraries have been closely intertwined with advances in Internet technologies. With the advent of the Web, digital libraries have been able to reach constituencies previously unanticipated. Because of the wide deployability of Web-accessible digital libraries, the potential for privacy violations has also grown tremendously. The much touted Semantic Web, with its agent, service, and ontology technologies, is slated to take the Web to another qualitative level in advances. Unfortunately, these advances may also open doors for privacy violations in ways never seen before. We propose a Semantic Web infrastructure, called SemWebDL, that enables the dynamic composition of disparate and autonomous digital libraries while preserving user privacy. In the proposed infrastructure, users will be able to pose more qualitative queries that may require the ad hoc collaboration of multiple digital libraries. In addition to the Semantic Web-based infrastructure, the quality of the response would rest on extraneous information in the form of a profile. We introduce the concept of communities to enable subject-based cooperation and search speedup. Further, digital libraries heterogeneity and autonomy are transcended by a layered Web-service-based infrastructure. Semantic Web-based digital library providers would advertise to Web services, which in turn are organized in communities accessed by users. For the purpose of privacy preservation, we devise a three-tier privacy model consisting of user privacy, Web service privacy, and digital library privacy that offers autonomy of perspectives for privacy definition and violation. We propose an approach that seamlessly interoperates with potentially conflicting privacy definitions and policies at the different levels of the Semantic Web-based infrastructure. A key aspect in the approach is the use of reputations for outsourcing Web services. A Web service reputation is associated with its behavior with regard to privacy preservation. We developed a technique that uses attribute ontologies and information flow difference to collect, evaluate, and disseminate the reputation of Web services.     

An action research report on the Korean national digital library

This paper presents the results of my action research. I was involved in establishing and running a digital library that was founded by the government of South Korea. The process involved understanding the relationship between the national IT infrastructure and the success factors of the digital library. In building, the national IT infrastructure, a digital library system was implemented; it combines all existing digitized university libraries and can provide overseas information, such as foreign journal articles, instantly and freely to every Korean researcher. An empirical survey was made as a part of the action research; the survey determined user satisfaction in the newly established national digital library. After obtaining the survey results, I suggested that the current way of running the nationwide government-owned digital library should be retained.     

OpenDLib: an infrastructure for new generation digital libraries

This paper presents OpenDLib, a digital library infrastructure that provides capabilities for new-generation digital libraries. In particular, the paper introduces a document model that can be used to represent a wide variety of document types and describes the open architectural infrastructure that allows for the expansion of the digital library through the dynamic plugin of new services.     

The Librarian as Video Game Player

Despite media coverage that is usually negative or non-existent, digital (video) game playing is a major form of entertainment for significant numbers of people in developed countries. This paper begins with a brief outline of what these games are, who plays them and why there is interest within the library community. We then move through several examples of the current direct impact of digital games on libraries. This is followed by more abstract examples of how video games could, and do, influence library practise and technology. Attributes of online games are discussed, focusing on one particular game, Second Life. This game is used widely within the library community, with many librarians spending significant time developing avatars, open services and infrastructure. The paper concludes with a summary of the ten attributes of video game players, found across the research literature body, that are of relevance to digital information and library services.     

SHIBBOLETH AND SAML: AT LAST,A VIABLE GLOBAL STANDARD FOR RESOURCE ACCESS MANAGEMENT

The library and publishing communities have used various imperfect solutions for the management of access to online resources, but now Shibboleth and an infrastructure based on it look set to become a global public domain standard that has been designed to meet all the requirements. This paper reviews the business issues of access management, briefly describes common mechanisms currently in use, and explains what Shibboleth is and how it works. Britain is one of several countries planning for and investing in Shibboleth for use by its’ national academic community by providing programme funding of over £7 million for technology development projects and infrastructure support. To conclude the history of progress to date with this rapidly moving work is outlined.     

Digital Libraries for the Next Millennium: Challenges and Research Directions

The unprecedented growth of Internet technologies has made resources on the World Wide Web instantly accessible to various user communities through digital libraries. Since the early 1990s, there have been several digital library initiatives sponsored by government agencies and/or private organizations all over the world. A digital library is a networked system environment that provides diverse user communities with coherent, seamless and transparent access to large, organized, and digitized information resources. This article provides a comprehensive overview of major digital library projects that are currently being undertaken across the globe. We also identify and discuss major challenges and research issues to be addressed in the design and implementation of digital libraries for the next millennium. We believe that digital libraries are ripe with research opportunities, offer many challenges, and will continue to grow in the next several years.     

SWAN: A distributed knowledge infrastructure for Alzheimer disease research

SWAN – a Semantic Web Application in Neuromedicine – is a project to develop an effective, integrated scientific knowledge infrastructure for Alzheimer Disease (AD) researchers, enabled by Semantic Web technology and deployed on Alzforum (www.alzforum.org), a scientific web community for AD research. This infrastructure may later be deployed for research communities in other neuromedical disorders. SWAN incorporates the full biomedical research knowledge lifecycle in its ontological model, including support for personal data organization, hypothesis generation, experimentation, lab data organization, and digital pre-publication collaboration. Community, laboratory, and personal digital resources may all be organized and interconnected using SWAN's common semantic framework.     

Metadata for Managing Grid Resources in Data Mining Applications

The Grid is an infrastructure for resource sharing and coordinated use of those resources in dynamic heterogeneous distributed environments. The effective use of a Grid requires the definition of metadata for managing the heterogeneity of involved resources that include computers, data, network facilities, and software tools provided by different organizations. Metadata management becomes a key issue when complex applications, such as data-intensive simulations and data mining applications, are executed on a Grid. This paper discusses metadata models for heterogeneous resource management in Grid-based data mining applications. In particular, it discusses how resources are represented and managed in the Knowledge Grid, a framework for Grid-enabled distributed data mining. The paper illustrates how XML-based metadata is used to describe data mining tools, data sources, mining models, and execution plans, and how metadata is used for the design and execution of distributed knowledge discovery applications on Grids.     

Newton-Krylov-FAC methods for problems discretized on locally refined grids

Many problems in computational science and engineering are nonlinear and time-dependent. The solutions to these problems may include spatially localized features, such as boundary layers or sharp fronts, that require very fine grids to resolve. In many cases, it is impractical or prohibitively expensive to resolve these features with a globally fine grid, especially in three dimensions. Adaptive mesh refinement (AMR) is a dynamic gridding approach that employs a fine grid only where necessary to resolve such features. Numerous AMR codes exist for solving hyperbolic problems with explicit time stepping and some classes of linear elliptic problems. Researchers have paid much less attention to the development of AMR algorithms for the implicit solution of systems of nonlinear equations. Recent efforts encompassing a variety of applications demonstrate that Newton-Krylov methods are effective when combined with multigrid preconditioners. This suggests that hierarchical methods, such as the Fast Adaptive Composite grid (FAC) method of McCormick and Thomas, can provide effective preconditioning for problems discretized on locally refined grids. In this paper, we address algorithm and implementation issues for the use of Newton-Krylov-FAC methods on structured AMR grids. In our software infrastructure, we combine nonlinear solvers from KINSOL and PETSc with the SAMRAI AMR library, and include capabilities for implicit time stepping. We have obtained convergence rates independent of the number of grid refinement levels for simple, nonlinear, Poisson-like, problems. Additional efforts to employ this infrastructure in new applications are underway. Communicated by: G. Wittum     

浅谈高校数字化教学资源库的建设

该文以高校数字化教学资源库的建设为研究对象详细分析了与此相关的问题。文章主要介绍了数字化教学资源库的概念、特点;分析了数字化教学资源库建设的必要性;阐述了数字化教学资源库系统的架构模式及其结构;最后阐述了数字化教学资源库的发展趋势。希望该文的研究能够为高校数字化教学资源库的建设提供一些帮助。     

基于大数据的数字图书馆信息服务模式研究

网络信息技术的飞速发展带来了一系列庞杂的信息资源。当然,数字图书馆信息服务资源也在此范围内。很 明显,以大数据为手段,对海量数据进行分析、整合就变得很有必要。因此,以大数据环境为背景,变革数字图书馆信息服务的 理念、资源、技术和策略,必将有助于加强其基于资源信息整合、用户需求的挖掘。本文首先提出了数字图书馆信息服务因大 数据环境而带来的影响,接着介绍了大数据下数字图书馆信息服务的内涵,本文从其目的和特征两方面进行介绍,并最终引出 大数据下数字图书馆信息服务模式研究。     

基于jQuery与CSS的提示层在图书馆门户系统中的应用

使用jQuery和CSS技术在图书馆门户系统中实现一个鼠标提示效果,即鼠标移动到链接文字上会弹出一个提示框,鼠标移走后提示框自动消失,并把这种提示效果应用到图书馆门户系统的数字资源解释方面.该方法能很好地解决高校图书馆门户系统在有限的空间展示更多数字资源的问题,改进用户的体验,促进用户了解图书馆资源,帮助用户找到他们需要的数字资源.     

基于云计算的数字图书馆公共服务平台架构

数字图书馆公共服务平台为数字化全民阅读提供了一个有效的途径,为广大用户提供大量数字版资源的在线阅读、下载和分享等. 随着数字化信息资源的爆炸式增长,如何有效的解决海量数字图书馆信息资源的存储和处理,并能将不同区域和类型的数字图书馆资源集成起来成为研究的热点. 依据安徽教育出版社的数字图书馆公共服务的全民阅读平台,研究云计算下数字图书馆的平台架构,利用云计算的分布式存储和并行计算的特点,为出版社的数字图书馆建设提供可行性研究方案.     

The dune-subgrid module and some applications

We present an extension module for the Dune system. This module, called dune-subgrid, allows to mark elements of another Dune hierarchical grid. The set of marked elements can then be accessed as a Dune grid in its own right. dune-subgrid is free software and is available for download (External Dune Modules: ). We describe the functionality and use of dune-subgrid, comment on its implementation, and give two example applications. First, we show how dune-subgrid can be used for micro-FE simulations of trabecular bone. Then we present an algorithm that allows to use exact residuals for the adaptive solution of the spatial problems of time-discretized evolution equations.     

Using distributed objects to build the Stanford digital libraryInfobus

For digital libraries to thrive, the providers of information processing services must be able to evolve their systems autonomously. However, as the complexity of their offerings increases, software tools more sophisticated than existing Web facilities are needed. Distributed object technology may be the answer. The availability of high-volume, increasingly sophisticated information is making the need for metadata facilities more urgent. Traditional, library-based approaches break down when used in an advanced digital library. More modular mechanisms are needed, and the CORBA system is one approach. Digital libraries are affected at a deep technical level by the widely differing user traditions of Web users and library patrons. The challenge and opportunity of digital libraries will be the synthesis of these traditions. The authors set out to create a technical infrastructure to support the construction of digital libraries. In their view, a digital library comprises widely distributed resources that can be maintained autonomously by different organizations and will not require adherence to uniform interfaces     

Toward Web mining of cross-language query translations in digital libraries

This paper proposes an effective query-translation approach that enables a cross-language information retrieval (CLIR) service to be more easily supported in digital library systems that only contain monolingual content. A query-translation engine called LiveTrans is used to process the translation requests of cross-lingual queries from connected digital library systems. To automatically extract translations not covered by standard dictionaries, the engine is developed based on a novel integration of dictionary resources and Web mining approaches, including anchor-text and search-result methods. The engine exploits a broad range of multilingual Web resources used as live bilingual corpora to alleviate translation difficulties. It is shown to be particularly effective for extracting multilingual translation equivalents of query terms containing proper names or new terminology. The obtained results show the feasibility of and great potential for creating English-Chinese CLIR services in existing digital libraries and new applications in cross-language Web searching, although difficulties still remain that need to be investigated further.     

基于云计算的数字图书馆构建研究

本文分析了数字图书馆中使用的云技术,提出了基于云计算理念的数字图书馆的构建,将区域数字共享和网络云服务结合起来,以有效利用现有资源,减低运营成本,可以更大限度的实现数据资源的共享,有效提高了图书馆的综合服务能力。     

MediaSpace 7 (part 3)

Digital library technologies have a great deal to offer to creative, design¹ communities. They can enable large collections of text, images, music, video and other information objects to be organised and accessed in interesting and diverse ways. Ordinary people—people not traditionally viewed as ‘creators’ or ‘designers’—can now conceive, assemble, build, and disseminate new information collections. This paper explores the development rationale behind the Greenstone digital library technology. We also examine three examples of creative new techniques for accessing and presenting information in digital libraries and stress the importance of tailoring information access to support the requirements of the users and application area.     

A Hard Dial-a-Ride Problem that is Easy on Average

In the dial-a-ride-problem (Darp) objects have to be moved between given sources and destinations in a transportation network by means of a server. The goal is to find the shortest transportation for the server. We study the Darp when the underlying transportation network forms a caterpillar. This special case is strongly NP-hard in the worst case. We prove that in a probabilistic setting there exists a polynomial time algorithm that finds an optimal solution with high probability. Moreover, with high probability the optimality of the solution found can be certified efficiently. In addition, we examine the complexity of the Darp in a semirandom setting and in the unweighted case.Research supported by the German Science Foundation (DFG, grant FOR 413/1-1)Research supported by the German Science Foundation (DFG, grant Gr 883/10)Research supported by the German Science Foundation (DFG, grant PR 296/6-3)     

基于VMware的图书馆数字化改造

图书馆数字化进程的加速使各种应用和馆藏的数字资源越来越多,但同时显现出资源利用率低、服务器资源占用多和不易维护等问题。以南京审计学院图书馆数字化改造中使用虚拟化技术为实例,介绍了VMware虚拟化技术,并使用VMware搭建数字图书馆的基础架构,从而实现了设备的高可用性,降低了运营成本和风险,使维护和管理更便捷。