RF-LAMP技术检测鸡肉中小肠结肠炎耶尔森氏菌

本研究建立实时荧光环介导等温扩增技术检测小肠结肠炎耶尔森氏菌的方法,扩增产物经电泳和酶切鉴定,表明扩增结果正确。本研究验证该方法特异性,对灵敏度和人工污染鸡肉的检出限进行测定。结果表明小肠结肠炎耶尔森氏菌株呈阳性结果,非小肠结肠炎耶尔森氏菌株均呈阴性结果。该方法检测纯菌的灵敏度为61 CFU/m L,人工污染鸡肉的检出限为46 CFU/g。该方法特异性强、灵敏度高、可实时检测小肠结肠炎耶尔森氏菌,能够实现对小肠结肠炎耶尔森氏菌的快速检测。     

环介导等温扩增技术检测小肠结肠炎耶尔森氏菌的研究

采用环介导等温扩增技术(Loop-mediated isothermal amplification,LAMP)快速检测小肠结肠炎耶尔森氏菌(Yersinia enterocolitica)。以小肠结肠炎耶尔森氏菌(AY004311.1)Ail基因序列作为靶序列,设计内、外引物,通过肉眼观察沉淀判断检测结果。结果表明:LAMP检测小肠结肠炎耶尔森氏菌的灵敏度为6.3cfu/mL,人工污染鸡肉的检出限为340cfu/g。PCR检测小肠结肠炎耶尔森氏菌的灵敏度为630cfu/mL,人工污染鸡肉的检出限为3.4×104cfu/g。采用试剂盒法提取DNA,从样品处理到报告结果,LAMP方法耗时2h,PCR方法耗时3h。因此,LAMP检测小肠结肠炎耶尔森氏菌的灵敏度高,耗时短,特异性好,操作简便,无需特殊的仪器设备,适合在我国广大基层实验室开展应用,为快速检测食源性致病菌构建了一个新的技术平台。     

多重PCR快速检测三种食品病原菌

建立一种快速、经济、实用的可以同步检测食品中金黄色葡萄球菌、沙门氏菌、小肠结肠炎耶尔森氏菌的多重聚合酶链式反应(polymerase chain reaction,PCR)的方法。根据金黄色葡萄球菌的nuc基因,沙门氏菌的invA基因,小肠结肠炎耶尔森氏菌的ail基因,分别设计了三对引物,对单个基因PCR和单管多重PCR扩增进行特异性、灵敏性实验以及优化反应体系。三对引物能特异性扩增出236、475、127bp的目的条带。建立的多重PCR同时对3种食源性致病菌进行检测具有较高的灵敏度,灵敏度金黄色葡萄球菌为102CFU/mL、沙门氏菌为102CFU/mL、小肠结肠炎耶尔森氏菌为102CFU/mL。初步建立能同步、简便、快速、灵敏地检测食品中金黄色葡萄球菌、沙门氏菌和小肠结肠炎耶尔森氏菌的三重PCR方法。     

新等温扩增技术检测小肠结肠炎耶尔森氏菌

应用新型等温扩增检测技术——交叉引物等温扩增结合免疫金标试纸条建立检测小肠结肠炎耶尔森氏菌的方法。针对小肠结肠耶尔森氏菌16-23S rDNA间区序列设计特异性引物及探针,用54株小肠结肠炎耶尔森氏菌及相近株细菌进行特异性试验;通过纯菌液计数、样品中添菌检测进行灵敏度验证;对677份食品用传统生化国标法进行比较检测试验。建立方法具有较好特异性;增菌液检测灵敏度为10~1cfu/mL,当每25g样品中有10~0cfu菌时经增菌步骤后即可检出,样品检测同传统检测结果比较大致相符,没有漏检,假阳性率较低。建立的新型恒温检测方法可用于食品中小肠结肠炎耶尔森氏菌初筛检测。     

食品中小肠结肠炎耶尔森氏菌分离鉴定方法研究进展

小肠结肠炎耶尔森氏菌是一种具有嗜冷特性的食源性致病菌,广泛存在于食品中,对人们健康构成较大威胁。建立高效的分离鉴定技术对该菌进行监控是相关食品安全的重要保障。本文对小肠结肠炎耶尔森氏菌的分离过程,包括分离前增菌、分离前碱处理和平板分离,以及传统生化和血清型鉴定、分子生物学鉴定、免疫学鉴定和谱学鉴定方法等方面的研究进展进行了阐述。小肠结肠炎耶尔森氏菌的深入检测研究不仅有赖于现有分离鉴定方法的不断优化,还需要开发更多新型检测技术应用于菌株溯源分析、流行病学和耐药性等方面的研究,以期为该类菌株资源数据库的建立和整理,预防相关耶尔森氏菌疾病的爆发提供良好的保障。     

致病性小肠结肠炎耶尔森氏菌分离鉴定及三重PCR检测方法的建立

为鉴定导致患病鲫鱼肛门红肿、腹部有出血点症状的病原菌,并建立一种快速检测该病原菌的方法。本研究从患病鲫鱼中分离了病原菌,采用形态学、理化特性分析及16S rDNA序列分析方法鉴定菌株。采用PCR扩增法检测该菌毒力基因,琼脂纸片扩散法检测该菌株的耐药性,致病性能验证试验检测其致病性。针对该菌ail基因、inv基因和intB基因设计了3条特异性引物,通过对反应体系和条件的优化,建立了一种检测该菌的三重PCR方法并初步应用于患病鲫鱼样品的检测中。结果显示,从患病鲫鱼心脏组织中分离了一株小肠结肠炎耶尔森氏菌（Yersinia enterocolitica）,命名为fsznc-10。检测到该菌携带ail、ystB、virF、intB毒力基因,该菌对诺氟沙星、庆大霉素等5种抗生素敏感,对鲫鱼具有一定的致病性。三重PCR方法可准确扩增出小肠结肠炎耶尔森氏菌ail、inv和intB三个目的基因,而其他菌株均未扩增出目的基因。该方法检测该菌DNA最低检出量为1.704×10?6 ng/μL,检测患病鱼心脏样品的阳性率约为86.67%,与16S rDNA序列分析方法的检测符合率为100%。本试验建立的三重PCR检测法具有特异性强、敏感性高、操作简单、成本低的优点。这为临床中小肠结肠炎耶尔森氏菌的防控和检测提供参考依据。     

食品中小肠结肠炎耶尔森氏菌污染调查和ERIC-PCR分型研究

通过调查全国17个城市中,七大类食品的小肠结肠炎耶尔森氏菌(Yesinia enterocolitica)污染情况,了解其分布规律与遗传多样性,从而为我国食品中Y.enterocolitica污染的溯源和控制供相应的数据支持。本研究采用了稍作修改的《食品微生物学检验-小肠结肠炎耶尔森氏菌检验(GB/T 4789.8-2008)》和GB/T4789.8-2003两种方法对食品中Y.enterocolitica进行检测,同时运用ERIC-PCR技术对分离菌株进行分型研究。研究显示在946份食品样品中检出共50份Y.enterocolitica阳性样品,总污染率为5.29%。在检出的阳性样品中包括肉与肉制品24份、速冻食品25份和食用菌1份,污染率分别为12.06%、16.89%和0.74%,速冻食品和肉与肉制品是目前我国Y.enterocolitica污染的主要食品类型。采用GB/T4789.8-2008检出阳性样品25份,检出率为2.64%;采用GB/T4789.8-2003检出34份,检出率为3.59%明显高于GB/T4789.8-2008法。ERIC-PCR指纹图谱进行聚类分析,结果显示72个分离株可分为四簇,主要污染基因型在C簇,初步建立了Y.enterocolitica的ERIC-PCR指纹图谱数据库。     

小肠结肠炎耶尔森氏菌PCR反应体系的快速优化

影响PCR反应结果的因素较为复杂．为了快速、准确地得到PCR反应的最适条件，避免假阴性或假阳性结果的发生，在研究小肠结肠炎耶尔森氏菌PCR反应体系优化中，采用了正交试验法．通过设计两组正交试验，准确地找出了检测小肠结肠炎耶尔森氏菌的最佳扩增条件，结果表明该方法高效快速，是PCR反应体系优化中值得推广使用的方法。     

核酸试纸条法检测食品中小肠结肠炎耶尔森菌

建立一种基于聚合酶链反应(polymerase chain reaction,PCR)试纸条技术的快速检测小肠结肠炎耶尔森菌的检测方法。对26株小肠结肠炎耶尔森氏菌标准菌株及26株其他菌属标准菌株进行特异性试验,利用纯菌稀释及样品添加进行灵敏度试验。利用建立方法对市场购买的食品进行筛查并与国标方法进行比较。建立的方法 DNA检测灵敏度达到10~(-3)μg/mL,样品加菌试验检测灵敏度可达100 CFU/25 g。     

致病性小肠结肠炎耶尔森氏菌实时荧光RPA检测方法的建立

本研究建立了致病性小肠结肠炎耶尔森氏菌的实时荧光重组酶聚合酶扩增(real-timeRecombinasePolymerase Amplification,real-time RPA)检测方法。根据致病性小肠结肠炎耶尔森氏菌黏附侵袭位点ail致病基因序列设计特异性引物和exo探针,在37℃恒温下20 min内即可完成检测,方法特异性高,对目的DNA的检测限为0.1 ng/μL。在稳定性实验中,对10 ng/μL、0.1ng/μL、0.01 ng/μL、0.001 ng/μL的目的DNA各进行8个平行的测试,0.1 ng/μL及以上浓度的DNA均可稳定检出;当DNA为0.1 ng/μL时,8个平行的阈值时间和最大荧光值的相对标准偏差(relative standard deviation,RSD)最低且≤7.06%。致病性小肠结肠炎耶尔森氏菌在奶粉和牛肉的人工污染样品中初始污染量为3 CFU/25 g时,培养20 h后,可用本方法检出。对20份各种类实际样品进行检测,本方法与国标方法结果一致。本方法对致病性小肠结肠炎耶尔森氏菌的常温现场快速定性检测具有重要意义。     

Detection, isolation and enumeration of Yersinia enterocolitica from raw pork

The methods available for the isolation of Yersinia enterocolitica from foods are generally considered to be less than optimal, and methods for estimation of numbers are lacking. Such methods are needed to understand better the significance of foodborne yersiniosis and to provide data for exposure assessment. We describe a method for the detection and enumeration of Y. enterocolitica containing the pYV virulence plasmid (YeP+) in samples from pork surfaces. The method uses a multiplex PCR targeting the ail and virF genes to detect Y. enterocolitica after incubation of surface swabs in Yersinia enrichment broth according to Ossmer. Enumeration was achieved by adapting the enrichment to a most probable number (MPN) method format. A presumptive result was available within 24 h of sample receipt, and YeP+ isolates were confirmed within four days. The presence/absence and MPN methods were evaluated in a pilot survey of 34 packs of raw pork meat purchased from retail outlets in Christchurch, New Zealand. YeP+ was detected by PCR on meat from 32% of the packs, and YeP+ isolates were obtained from 18% of the samples. YeP+ were present at numbers ranging from 0.30 to 5.42 MPN/cm(2). This improved method for the detection and enumeration of YeP+ from meat samples can be used for microbiological surveys to obtain data for assessments of consumer exposure to virulent Y. enterocolitica, and in outbreak investigations.     

Evaluation of a 5'-nuclease (TaqMan) assay with the thin agar layer oxyrase method for the detection of Yersinia enterocolitica in ground pork samples

A 5'-nuclease (TaqMan) assay was evaluated for its capability to recover and detect stressed Yersinia enterocolitica. Sensitivity studies of a 5'-nuclease assay for detecting Y. enterocolitica 0:8 in a pure culture system and spiked ground pork samples demonstrated that the assay has reliable sensitivity with a detection limit of 3 to 4 log CFU/ml or CFU/g. The PCR 5'-nuclease (TaqMan) assay was evaluated with the Thin Agar Layer Oxyrase method (TALO, overlaying 14 ml of Trypticase soy agar with a 1:30 dilution of "Oxyrase for Agar" onto a prepoured pathogen-specific, selective medium), and it was compared against the selective medium cefsulodin-irgasan-novobiocin (CIN) for recovering and detecting Y. enterocolitica from inoculated nonfrozen and frozen (-15 degrees C, 2 days) ground pork samples. The TALO method showed more sensitivity (detection limit, 2 log CFU/ml), and it has greater recovery capability (0.5 to 1 log CFU/ml) than CIN (P < 0.05). The 5'-nuclease assay provided rapid detection processing (5 versus 24 h after an 18-h enrichment). The sensitivity per PCR was calculated to as low as 0 to 1 log CFU per PCR reaction; however, in the method's current developmental stage, target pathogens should be enriched to 3 to 4 log CFU/ml or CFU/g to show consistent results. In a survey of 100 ground pork samples using TALO, CIN, and PCR methods, no Y. enterocolitica was recovered. A combined cultivation and an automated PCR TaqMan could be used as a presumptive screening test for detecting Y. enterocolitica in food samples.     

Use of a culture-independent molecular method to study the ecology of Yersinia spp. in food

A culture-independent method for the direct detection in food of Yersinia spp. was developed in this study. It is based on the amplification of a 359 bp PCR product from the RNA polymerase beta-subunit gene (rpoB) and subsequent analysis by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE). Direct detection of Yersinia spp. by PCR-DGGE was carried out in ready-to-eat vegetables and the results compared with the results of the traditional, culture-dependent method. The DGGE profiles were determined to be species-specific. As a matter of fact, Yersinia enterocolitica, Yersinia intermedia, Yersinia frederiskenii and Yersinia kristensenii showed differential migrations in the gels. Moreover, Y. enterocolitica serotypes O:3, O:5 and O:9 were distinguishable, as well. Only for a limited number of traditionally isolated strains, the biochemical and molecular identification agree. In particular, an overestimation of Y. enterocolitica, as determined biochemically, was observed. Finally when the protocol was applied to 27 food samples, a good correlation was obtained when the results of traditional and direct methods were analyzed. The molecular method was able to identify Y. enterocolitica, not detected by plating analysis. However, for 4 samples, that, by plating analysis, were determined to contain Yersinia spp., no PCR product could be obtained after enrichment, probably due to low numbers of target cells, thereby not allowing the possibility to perform DGGE analysis. The protocol described here represents a reliable tool for the detection of Yersinia spp. in food, which can be used to obtain the needed results faster than with traditional culturing methods.     

可视化-跨越式滚环等温扩增技术检测鼠肉掺假

目的建立可视化-跨越式滚环等温扩增技术检测肉制品中鼠肉掺假的分析方法。方法选取鼠的线粒体cytb基因为靶基因,设计并筛选出一对引物,选择9个不同物种的新鲜肌肉组织样本为研究对象,验证跨越式滚环等温扩增技术(saltatory rolling circle isothermal amplification, SRCA)方法的特异性;测定该技术的灵敏度以及人工污染样品中鼠肉成分的检出限,验证SRCA方法的准确性。结果 SRCA荧光可视化法检测鼠肉DNA的灵敏度为7.3×100fg/μL,与传统PCR方法相比,SRCA荧光可视化法的灵敏度提高了1000倍。在人工添加鼠肉的模拟掺假样品中, SRCA方法可检测到含量为0.01%的鼠肉。结论 SRCA技术可以灵敏、快速、准确地检测出肉制品中的鼠肉掺假成分,适用于基层单位对肉制品掺假的快速检测。     

基于高光谱成像技术的红肉品质评定研究进展

红肉品质的传统检测方法会对样品造成污染,影响其理化指标的测定结果,在检测某些标量指标的同时还会具有一定的破坏性。因此,准确、无损、快速的检测评价对推动肉制品企业的发展具有十分重要的意义。近些年,高光谱成像技术在肉品品质检测和评价中的应用已成为研究热点,该技术已被广泛应用于食品安全与农产品质量检测中,并且取得了较好的研究成果。本文主要综述了近年来高光谱成像技术在红肉品质检测中的应用研究,分别从肉类品质评定的感官指标、内在指标2 个方面进行阐述。最后,对高光谱成像技术现存的一些不足和其在肉制品检测中的发展前景进行概述。     

Application of multiplex PCR for monitoring colonization of pig tonsils by Yersinia enterocolitica, including biotype 1A, and Yersinia pseudotuberculosis

A multiplex PCR assay was developed for the detection and differentiation of the Yersinia enterocolitica and Yersinia pseudotuberculosis isolates in both pure bacterial cultures and pig tonsils. The assay was based on the amplification of the ail, inv, yadA, and ystB genes. The PCR products, corresponding to the ail gene and the plasmid-borne yadA gene or only one product corresponding to the ail gene, were detected in Y. enterocolitica 4 biotype isolates. All of the Y. pseudotuberculosis isolates (n=6) tested gave a positive PCR reaction for the inv gene. For all tested Y. enterocolitica 1A biotype isolates (n=31), one product corresponding to the ystB gene was observed. The multiplex PCR assay was used to detect Y. enterocolitica and Y. pseudotuberculosis strains in pig tonsil samples obtained from 80 slaughtered pigs from three different herds. The presence of at least one of the specific PCR amplification products of ail-, ystB-, yadA-, and inv-specific sequences was observed in 11 samples (13.75%). These results of the multiplex PCR assay were compared with the results of conventional, microbiological testing. Y. enterocolitica isolates were cultured from only 3 (3.75%) of the 80 pig tonsils examined. The multiplex PCR assay was shown to be an efficient tool for differentiation between the pYV plasmid-bearing Y. enterocolitica isolates, the plasmidless Y. enterocolitica isolates, the Y. enterocolitica biotype 1A isolates, and the Y. pseudotuberculosis isolates with and without the pYV plasmid in naturally contaminated pig tonsils. This indicates that this assay is useful to control food processing and track the source of contamination.     

重组酶聚合酶扩增、重组酶介导等温扩增及酶促重组等温扩增技术在食源性致病菌快速检测中的研究进展

随着人民生活水平的提高,食品安全问题也越来越受到社会关注,其中生物（微生物）因子是影响食品安全的最主要因素。食品安全研究领域针对生物（微生物）因子的检测技术众多,其中等温扩增技术因不需依赖复杂的仪器设备,能够快速、准确地进行生物成分检测而被广泛应用,尤其是新发展起来的重组酶聚合酶扩增（recombinase polymerase amplification,RPA）、重组酶介导等温扩增（recombinase-aided amplification,RAA）和酶促重组等温扩增（enzymatic recombinase amplification,ERA）技术。这3 种等温扩增技术相对于其他等温扩增技术具有反应条件更温和、引物设计更简单等优点,且检测原理相似,本文对这3 种技术进行对比研究,从原理、概念以及近年来在食源性致病菌快速检测方面的研究应用情况进行综述,概括其在食品检测中的优势和面临的实际问题,并对未来的发展前景进行展望。     

IMSA技术快速检测肠出血大肠杆菌O157:H7方法的建立及应用

为了建立和评价一种适合食药监及基层检验部门使用的肠出血性大肠杆菌O157:H7快速检测方法,针对肠出血性大肠杆菌O157:H7特异性rfbE 基因,应用等温多自配引发扩增技术（Isothermal Multiple Self-matching-initiated Amplification,IMSA）,设计引物进行检测。对建立的方法进行特异性试验和灵敏度试验,与荧光定量PCR法进行比对;利用建立的IMSA法确定人工污染样本被检出的最短增菌时间和最低检测灵敏度;使用IMSA法和国标法对24份不同肉制品进行检验,评估两者的一致性。结果表明:该方法仅对肠出血性大肠杆菌O157:H7特异性扩增;IMSA法的灵敏度比qPCR法高,达8.9×102 CFU/mL;人工污染菌种样本最短增菌10 h可以被建立的IMSA法检出,检出限为9.1 CFU/25 g;24份肉制品样本的IMSA法与常规培养法结果一致性为100%。结论: IMSA技术检测肠出血性大肠杆菌O157:H7具有特异性强、灵敏度高、结果快速准确的特点,可在11 h内完成食品中O157:H7的检出,适用于食药监及基层检验部门进行肠出血性大肠杆菌O157:H7的快速检测。