风云三号(A)气象卫星红外分光计大气透射率计算试验

利用GENLN2逐线光谱透射率数据库和RTTOV7快速辐射传输模式,计算了风云三号A星(FY-3A)红外分光计(IRSR)的快速透射率系数,在此基础上计算了IRSR的通道大气透射率和权重函数,结果表明IRSR大多数通道权重函数分布曲线与HIRS／3相应通道趋于一致,通道能量贡献峰值高度(气压层)与设计要求基本符合．     

陆面温度的反演算法和大气订正的影响

提出了由卫星辐射测量反演陆面温度的算法,可在不需要预先给定通道的地面比辐射率的情况下,同时确定地面温度和比辐射率。同时,为了了解实际应用这种算法的可能性,在一系列陆面温度反演的模拟试验中,考察分析了在大气温度和湿度廓线有各种不同的误差时大气订正对陆面温度反演精度的影响。结果表明,在大气证正中应用的大气温度和湿度的误差不超过通常由探空和卫星遥感得到的大气温度和湿度的误差时,反演得到的地面温度仍可具有     

利用 IASI资料反演平流层大气温度

红外大气探测干涉分光仪(Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer, IASI)能够获取平流层的大气温度廓线,而且由其 提取的大气温度扰动信息可用于平流层的重力波特征分析。基于神经网络方法,利用典型 大气廓线库和大气辐射传输模式建立了由IASI反演25～60 km高度范围内的平流层大气温度廓 线的算式,并结合再分析资料对反演结果进行了检验。模拟试验结果表明,平流层大气 温度反演的偏差主要在0 K附近且不超过1 K,均方根误差处在2～6 K之间,且50～5 hPa之间的均方 根误差在3 K以内。对比验证结果表明,本文的平流层大气温度反演与欧洲中期天气预报中心(European Centre for Medium-range Weather Forecasts, ECMWF)的再分析资料在总体上具有可比性,而且反演速度更快,覆盖的区域更完整。     

热红外遥感中大气透过率的研究(二): 大气透过率模式的应用

大气透过率是热红外遥感中的一个重要参数。针对前文构建的大气透过率模式, 以我国环境灾害卫星HJ-1B红外相机IRS第4通道的大气透过率模式为例, 利用辐射传输模型MODTRAN模拟水体辐亮度, 对模式中的变量引入不同的误差, 将模拟的辐亮度反演水温, 分析不同气溶胶模型、水汽量、能见度和观测天顶角对反演水温的敏感性。并将该大气透过率模式用于HJ-1B/IRS热红外图像中, 反演了2009年4月17日、21日、22日和25日太湖水温。研究结果表明: 同一波段、不同气溶胶模型的大气透过率模式在反演温度时会产生不同的误差, 以气溶胶模型为平流雾的最大、对流型的最小;大气透过率模式中3个变量的误差与温度反演的误差呈线性关系, 即变量的误差越大, 温度反演的误差也越大;以水汽量对温度反演最敏感, 观测天顶角其次, 能见度最弱。该大气透过率模式用于4天遥感图像反演中, 除4月17日反演的误差稍高, 均方根误差和平均相对误差分别为1.127 ℃和5.75%, 其他3天的均方根误差都小于1 ℃、平均相对误差在5%以下, 说明所建的大气透过率模式在热红外遥感中具有较高的应用精度。     

利用RTTOV7快速辐射传输模式模拟风云二号红外和水汽成像通道辐射率的研究

为使RTTOV7能模拟FY2B红外、水汽通道辐射率,综合GENLN2计算的6个卫星天顶角的600-3000 cm-1的精确大气透过率,以及这两个通道的光谱响应函数,采用多元线性回归方法计算出适当的透过率系数.利用新的透过率参数,以相同的大气廓线作输入参量,对FY2B和GMS5的模拟分析表明,RTTOV7能得到相似的模拟亮温.利用ECMWF预报廓线以及新的透过率参数模拟FY2B水汽和红外亮温与实际观测的误差对比分析表明该模式能在短时间内以较高的精度模拟该卫星通道的辐射观测.     

地基多通道微波辐射计在大气遥感中的应用

地基多通道微波辐射计可实时探测大气微波辐射亮温并反演出大气温度、水汽密度、相对湿度和液态水廓线等。本文主要介绍了自主研制的地基多通道微波辐射计以及数据反演方法,同时将微波辐射计反演的大气参数与探空资料对比分析了反演精度,结果表明微波辐射计观测反演大气温度、湿度和液态水廓线具有很好的精度。同时辐射计可实时精确的探测反演大气边界层逆温,能够很好的探测到地表辐射逆温的强度和逆温厚度,这对研究大气边界层有着重要作用。     

基于微波高光谱技术的数据仿真及参数反演研究

发展高光谱微波辐射计对于提升大气参数反演精度具有重要意义。利用微波辐射传输模型mpm93以及BP 神经网络方法分别构建正演上行辐射亮温和反演大气温度廓线的模型,并研究了晴空条件下高光谱微波辐射计反演大气温度廓线的精度。54～58 GHz、64～68 GHz 在氧气吸收波段选取80 个通道作为高光谱通道,基于2015 年5～12 月昆明的探空资料进行正、反演仿真实验。选取微波成像仪/ 探测仪(SSMIS)的9 个温度探测通道进行对比实验,评估分析反演效果。实验结果表明:在大气3～10 km 高度范围内,高光谱通道的反演精度较SSMIS 提高了0.3 ～0.6 K;在0～3 km 高度范围内,反演精度提高了1 K。     

高光谱分辨率资料通道选择方法研究

从用经典物理法反演大气参数的误差分析角度出发,利用贝叶斯原理探究了通道特性、背景误差、观测误差和仪器噪声等在反演大气参数时对反演精度的影响,提出了一个定量衡量通道对反演大气参数精度的贡献指标。以此指标为准则,对用高光谱分辨率资料反演大气温度廓线时的通道选择方案进行了设计和论证。以欧洲中心在2012年发射的第二代红外大气探测干涉仪(Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer,IASI)为对象,从8461个通道中选出了300个贡献指标最大的通道,并将它们与AAPP发布的应用通道作了比较。结果证明,本文选用的方法在选择反演大气温度廓线的通道时是有效可行的。     

一种MODIS遥感图像大气校正的快速算法

本文设计了基于大气辐射传输模型对MODIS遥感图像进行大气校正的一种新的快速算法。根据Kaufman气溶胶光学厚度反演方法的基本原理,建立了简化的气溶胶光学厚度反演模型,通过6S模型获取气溶胶光学厚度参数,利用经验公式计算大气反射率及大气透过率等参数,实现了MODIS遥感图像的快速大气校正。     

CART软件计算的红外大气透过率和实测值比较

初步完成了一套通用大气辐射传输软件的研制,它是一套基于我国大气模式的采用独特算法的大气辐射传输软件,可用来较快速地计算大气光谱透过率、大气热辐射、大气散射辐射和太阳直接辐照度,光谱分辨率为1cm-1。利用中近红外傅里叶光谱辐射计FTIR测得的水平红外大气透过率来验证CART软件计算水平路径上红外大气透过率的精度。比较结果表明：CART软件计算的水平大气透过率和实测值的误差最大小于0.1,均方根大约为0.04。这可以说明CART软件计算水平红外大气透过率是可靠的。     

A contrast and comparison of near-sea surface airtemperature/humidity from GMS and SSM/I data with an improved algorithm

With data sets gained from Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) Special Sensor Microwave/Imager (SSM/I) microwave channels, Geostationary Meteorological Satellite (GMS-5) infrared channels, and ship-measured data, the statistical algorithms to estimate sea surface temperature and near-sea surface air humidity around Taiwan and the South China Sea areas are developed. Then a new, improved method to estimate near-sea surface air temperature based on the algorithm proposed by Konda et al. (1996) is established in this study. The results estimated with SSM/I data show that the root mean square error (RMSE) of SST, near-sea surface air humidity and air temperature over the oceans around Taiwan and the South China Sea are 1.2 K,1.43 g/kg, and 1.6 K, respectively. The results with GMS data are 1.7 K,1.71 g/kg and 1.7 K, respectively. The results also show that the improvements in the algorithm of Konda et al. simplify the computation scheme, improve the accuracy, and match the regional ocean-atmosphere properties in retrieving near-sea surface air temperature. The estimate produced using SSM/I and GMS data also show good consistency between them, both in temporal and spatial variations. Basically, the accuracy of this result implies strong potential for application of satellite data to relative studies and operational work in the ocean-atmosphere interaction     

光学厚度预报因子对风云四号卫星扫描辐射计红外通道快速正演精度的影响分析

快速辐射传输模式利用光学厚度预报因子与卫星通道光谱特征系数可实现通道透过率的快速计算,并达到与逐线积分模式相当的正演精度.针对FY-4 AGRI的6个红外通道,分别建立了基于RTTOVv7、v8、v9和CRTMv2.1(以下简称四种模式)光学厚度预报因子的快速正演算子,与逐线积分模式的结果对比,分析了四种快速正演算子中均匀混合气体、水汽线吸收和水汽连续吸收预报因子对正演误差的影响.分析表明,四种快速正演模式计算通道亮温与逐线模式结果相比,在温度探测通道的最大标准差要小于0.6K.v9模式在水汽和温度通道的正演误差远小于其他三个模式;四个模式在窗区通道的误差基本相当.v9模式预报因子中,引入实时大气与参考大气的整层离差减小了均匀混合气体光学厚度的正演误差.     

云参数和可降水总量的同步物理反演方法试验

利用改进的同步物理反演方法计算东亚地区的云参数和可降水总量,并用气象卫星短、长波窗区通道亮度温度差对反演结果进行真实性检验.结果表明:该反演算法的效果是好的.     

Water Vapor Profiling From CoSSIR Radiometric Measurements

Previous water vapor profiling by millimeterwave radiometry using the 183-GHz absorption line is generally limited to an altitude range of 0-11 km. The additional measurements at the frequencies of 380.2 0.8, 380.2 1.8, 380.2 3.3, and 380.2 6.2 GHz by the new airborne compact scanning submillimeterwave imaging radiometer (CoSSIR) reported in this paper can extend this profiling capability up to an altitude of about 15 km. This is demonstrated by recent CoSSIR measurements onboard the NASA WB-57 aircraft in a flight from Texas to Costa Rica on January 14, 2006. Retrievals of water vapor mixing ratio were performed at eight altitudes of 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, and 15 km from the CoSSIR data set acquired at observational angles of 0 and 53.4. The results were compared with other available measurements from near-concurrent satellites. A very good agreement was found between the collocated values of total precipitable water (TPW) derived from the CoSSIR-retrieved water vapor profiles and those estimated from Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission Microwave Imager; the average TPW differences range between 0.30 and 0.64 cm, depending on CoSSIR's observational angles. The accuracy of the retrievals was inferred from an analysis of inflight CoSSIR radiometric signal fluctuations.     

红外高光谱资料云检测方法研究

从红外高光谱资料的特点和应用现状出发,通过用晴空时观测光谱和背景光谱偏差矢量最小原理研究了特定云状下不同云量、云高和云水含量对观测光谱的影响,提出了一种新的红外高光谱资料云检测方法。从云污染视场中检测出不受云影响的通道,并用通过辐射传输模式(Radiative Transfer for (A)TOVS, RTTOV)模拟的大气红外探测器(Atmospheric Infrared Sounder, AIRS)资料和实测数据进行了方法可行性和有效性验证。结果表明,该方法能有效地提高云污染区域红外高光谱资料的利用率,可为有云覆盖情况下的大气参数反演提供有效途径。     

Passive microwave remote sensing of snow constrained byhydrological simulations

This paper describes a snow parameter retrieval algorithm from passive microwave remote sensing measurements. The three components of the retrieval algorithm include a dense media radiative transfer (DMRT) model, which is based on the quasicrystalline approximation (QCA) with the sticky particle assumption, a physically-based snow hydrology model (SHM) that incorporates meteorological and topographical data, and a neural network (NN) for computational efficient inversions. The DMRT model relates physical snow parameters to brightness temperatures. The SHM simulates the mass and heat balance and provides initial guesses for the neural network. The NN is used to speed up the inversion of parameters. The retrieval algorithm can provide speedy parameter retrievals for desired temporal and spatial resolutions, Four channels of brightness temperature measurements: 19V, 19H, 37V, and 37H are used. The algorithm was applied to stations in the northern hemisphere. Two sets of results are shown. For these cases, the authors use ground-truth precipitation data, and estimates of snow water equivalent (SWE) from SHM give good results. For the second set, a weather forecast model is used to provide precipitation inputs for SHM. Additional constraints in grain size and density are used. They show that inversion results compare favorably with ground truth observations     

红外高光谱资料云检测方法研究

从红外高光谱资料的特点和应用现状出发,通过用晴空时观测光谱和背景光谱偏差矢量最小原理研究了特定云状下不同云量、云高和云水含量对观测光谱的影响,提出了一种新的红外高光谱资料云检测方法。从云污染视场中检测出不受云影响的通道,并用通过辐射传输模式(Radiative Transfer for(A)TOVS,RTTOV)模拟的大气红外探测器(Atmospheric Infrared Sounder,AIRS)资料和实测数据进行了方法可行性和有效性验证。结果表明,该方法能有效地提高云污染区域红外高光谱资料的利用率,可为有云覆盖情况下的大气参数反演提供有效途径。     

One-dimensional variational retrieval algorithm of temperature, water vapor, and cloud water profiles from advanced microwave sounding unit (AMSU)

The measurements from satellite microwave imaging and sounding channels are simultaneously utilized through a one-dimensional (1-D) variation method (1D-var) to retrieve the profiles of atmospheric temperature, water vapor and cloud water. Since the radiative transfer model in this 1D-var procedure includes scattering and emission from the earth's atmosphere, the retrieval can perform well under all weather conditions. The iterative procedure is optimized to minimize computational demands and to achieve better accuracy. At first, the profiles of temperature, water vapor, and cloud liquid water are derived using only the AMSU-A measurements at frequencies less than 60 GHz. The second step is to retrieve rain and ice water using the AMSU-B measurements at 89 and 150 GHz. Finally, all AMSU-A/B sounding channels at 50-60 and 183 GHz are utilized to further refine the profiles of temperature and water vapor while the profiles of cloud, rain, and ice water contents are constrained to those previously derived. It is shown that the radiative transfer model including multiple scattering from clouds and precipitation can significantly improve the accuracy for retrieving temperature, moisture and cloud water. In hurricane conditions, an emission-based radiative transfer model tends to produce unrealistic temperature anomalies throughout the atmosphere. With a scattering-based radiative transfer model, the derived temperature profiles agree well with those observed from aircraft dropsondes.