基于相干积累矩阵重构的波达方向估计新方法

针对短时小样本条件下相干信号的波达方向(Direction Of Arrival, DOA)估计问题,该文提出了一种基于相干积累矩阵重构的快速解相干方法。首先利用相干积累技术对阵列接收快拍进行处理,得到累积快拍矢量,提高了数据信噪比。再依据累积快拍矢量的结构特点构造一个非降维等效协方差矩阵,理论分析可知,该矩阵的秩仅与信源个数相等,与信号间相关性无关,即实现了相干信源完全解相干。相较于空间平滑类算法,该方法避免了阵列孔径损失,估计精度高、计算量小。仿真结果验证了算法的有效性。      

基于互质阵列的相干与非相干目标DOA估计算法

提出基于互质阵列的相干与非相干混合目标空间达波方向(DOA)估计算法。首先,基于差协同阵等效的概念,将互质阵列相关矩阵的元素重排形成增广相关矩阵;然后采用矩阵重构对增广相关矩阵进行解相关处理;最后,对解相关的增广相关矩阵进行多重信号分类(MUSIC)空间谱搜索,实现对目标的DOA估计。仿真结果表明,该算法可实现对数目多于互质阵列物理阵元的相干与非相干混合目标的DOA估计。对比矩阵重构、前向空间平滑和前后向空间平滑3种解相关算法,矩阵重构解相关获得了更大的可分辨目标数目,在低信噪比(SNR)下呈现出更佳的估计误差性能,而空间平滑解相关在低快拍情况下具备更优的估计误差性能。     

单快拍虚拟阵列Toeplitz矩阵重构的相干信源DOA估计

针对相干信源的DOA估计,提出一种基于单快拍虚拟阵列Toeplitz矩阵(SSVT)重构的解相干算法。该方法利用阵元接收的单快拍数据构造出双向虚拟子阵,并对虚拟子阵的协方差矩阵的平均值进行Toeplitz矩阵重构,实现对相干信源的DOA估计。该方法无需进行多次快拍,在不损失阵列孔径和工作阵元的基础上实现相干信源的DOA估计。仿真结果表明,该算法降低了运算量,在低信噪比的情况下也能分辨M-1个相干信源。     

基于累积量的互耦误差下相干信号DOA估计

在高斯色噪声和阵列互耦误差背景下,针对相干信号源和非相干信号源并存的问题,提出了一种准确估计信号源到达角(DOA)的算法。首先,采用辅助阵元法将互耦误差从阵列流形中分离;然后结合空间平滑技术和四阶累积量构建平滑矩阵,实现对高斯噪声的抑制和对信号的解相干;最后使用ESPRIT算法获得信号源的来波方向。仿真结果表明,文中算法有效解决了阵列互耦和信源相干的影响,在高斯白噪声和高斯色噪声环境下均能精确地估计DOA。     

一种阵列互耦矩阵与波达方向的级联估计方法

当阵列天线存在互耦效应时,传统多重信号分类(MUltiple SIgnal Classification, MUSIC)算法的测向性能急剧下降。为了有效估计阵列互耦矩阵(MCM)与入射信号的波达方向(Direction Of Arrival, DOA),该文提出一种阵列互耦矩阵与波达方向的级联估计方法。利用互耦矩阵的结构特点,变换阵列流形,实现对互耦矩阵与DOA的解耦合。求解线性约束下的二次优化问题,利用谱峰搜索,得到阵列互耦矩阵和入射信号DOA,完成互耦误差自校正。通过计算机仿真验证了该文方法估计性能的有效性和优越性。     

采用单次快拍数据实现相干信号DOA估计

该文针对均匀线性阵列的相干信号DOA估计问题,提出了一种基于单次快拍数据的解相干算法,该算法直接利用快拍数据构造一个Toeplitz矩阵,经理论推导,该Toeplitz矩阵的秩不受信号的相干性影响,仅和入射信号的个数有关,因此对该矩阵进行特征值分解可得到正确的信号子空间和噪声子空间,结合MUSIC,ESPRIT等子空间算法,即可实现对相干信号的DOA估计。数值仿真验证了该算法的有效性。     

一种互耦和相干源条件下的DOA估计方法

空间平滑算法是一种常用的解相干处理方法,而阵元间互耦的存在会导致空间平滑算法失效,从而无法准确估计相干源DOA。针对这个问题,文中提出了一种新的DOA估计方法。该方法基于信号子空间和噪声子空间的正交性原理,利用入射信号源中的独立信号源可以有效估计出互耦矩阵,再通过估计的互耦矩阵对接收数据协方差矩阵进行互耦补偿,克服了互耦对空间平滑算法的影响,从而保证了相干源DOA能准确估计。计算机仿真实验表明了该方法的有效性。     

多子阵互耦条件下的一维波达方向估计及互耦白校正

该文研究多子阵（multiple subarrays）阵元互耦条件下的波达方向（DOA）估计,假设阵列由多个位置已知的均匀线阵（ULA）组成,但线阵阵元间存在互耦效应。利用均匀线阵互耦矩阵的带状、对称Toeplitz性及多子阵互耦矩阵的块状对角特性,提出了一种解耦合波达方向估计及互耦自校正算法。该算法在未知阵元互耦参数的情况下,可准确估计出信源的波达方向。另外,算法在精确估计波达方向的同时,还可准确估计出阵元问的互耦系数,实现多子阵的互耦自校正。算法的波达方向估计只需一维谱峰搜索,避免了通常多参数联合估计的多维非线性搜索及迭代运算,可明显减小算法运算量。文中讨论了算法参数可辨识性的必要条件,并分析计算了多参数联合估计的克拉美-罗界（CRB）。理论分析及蒙特卡罗仿真结果表明,该算法具有计算量小、DOA估计分辨力高、互耦校正效果好等优点。     

多子阵互耦条件下的一维波达方向估计及互耦自校正

该文研究多子阵(multiple subarrays)阵元互耦条件下的波达方向(DOA)估计,假设阵列由多个位置已知的均匀线阵(ULA)组成,但线阵阵元间存在互耦效应。利用均匀线阵互耦矩阵的带状、对称Toeplitz性及多子阵互耦矩阵的块状对角特性,提出了一种解耦合波达方向估计及互耦自校正算法。该算法在未知阵元互耦参数的情况下,可准确估计出信源的波达方向。另外,算法在精确估计波达方向的同时,还可准确估计出阵元间的互耦系数,实现多子阵的互耦自校正。算法的波达方向估计只需一维谱峰搜索,避免了通常多参数联合估计的多维非线性搜索及迭代运算,可明显减小算法运算量。文中讨论了算法参数可辨识性的必要条件,并分析计算了多参数联合估计的克拉美-罗界(CRB)。理论分析及蒙特卡罗仿真结果表明,该算法具有计算量小、DOA估计分辨力高、互耦校正效果好等优点。     

基于交替迭代的混合信号DoA与ULA互耦误差估计算法

针对互耦条件下均匀线阵(Uniform Linear Array, ULA),该文基于交替迭代提出一种适用于混合信号模型的波达方向(Direction of Arrival, DoA)与互耦误差估计算法.算法首先利用ULA互耦矩阵的带状Toeplitz结构,提出一种基于门限的非相干信源DoA估计方法,进而实现互耦误差初步估计;在此基础上,以交互迭代方式实现混合信号DoA估计及互耦误差更新.算法最多只需二次交互迭代,就可实现收敛.计算机仿真结果表明:该算法在较少接收快拍数及低信噪比情况下,均具有良好的DoA及互耦误差估计性能.     

Compensation for the mutual coupling effect for the ESPRIT algorithm in single snapshot array processing

An effective method is introduced to compensate the effects of mutual coupling for the Estimation of Signal Parameter via Rotational Invariance Techniques (ESPRIT) direction finding algorithm in application of signal snapshot array processing.Changing the covariance matrix into a Teoplitz matrix can achieve high resolution in the Direction Of Arrive (DOA) estimation.How the mutual coupling affects the array antennas has been discussed and a new definition of mutual im- pedance has been used to characterize the mutual coupling effects between the array elements.Based on the new mutual impedance matrix,a practical method is presented to eliminate the effects of mutual coupling for ESPRIT in the single snapshot data processing.The simulation results show that, this new method not only properly reduces the effects of mutual coupling,but also maintains its steady performance even for weak signals.     

基于协方差矩阵重构和导向矢量估计的稳健自适应波束形成

实际应用中, 当假定的与真实的期望信号导向矢量之间存在一定误差时, 波束形成器的性能会急剧下降, 特别是当期望信号功率很强的时候.为解决这个问题, 提出了一种新的算法.当信源数小于阵元数时, 干扰加噪声协方差矩阵具有稀疏性.新方法首先利用该特性重构干扰加噪声协方差矩阵并由此得到与干扰导向矢量正交的子空间, 使接收的数据通过该子空间得到只含有期望信号和噪声的混合信号, 然后,对该混合信号基于最大化输出功率原理估计期望信号导向矢量, 最后,把得到的导向矢量和正交子空间来构造阵列加权值.仿真结果表明:该算法分别在假定的期望信号导向矢量存在误差、期望信号很强和低快拍数时仍然具有良好的性能.     

Robust Adaptive Beamforming Under Quadratic Constraint with Recursive Method Implementation

When adaptive arrays are applied to practical problems, the performances of the conventional adaptive beamforming algorithms are known to degrade substantially in the presence of even slight mismatches between the actual and presumed array responses to the desired signal. Similar types of performance degradation can occur because of data nonstationarity and small training sample size, when the signal steering vector is known exactly. In this paper, to account for mismatches, we propose robust adaptive beamforming algorithm for implementing a quadratic inequality constraint with recursive method updating, which is based on explicit modeling of uncertainties in the desired signal array response and data covariance matrix. We show that the proposed algorithm belongs to the class of diagonal loading approaches, but diagonal loading terms can be precisely calculated based on the given level of uncertainties in the signal array response and data covariance matrix. The variable diagonal loading term is added at each recursive step, which leads to a simpler closed-form algorithm. Our proposed robust recursive algorithm improves the overall robustness against the signal steering vector mismatches and small training sample size, enhances the array system performance under random perturbations in sensor parameters and makes the mean output array SINR consistently close to the optimal one. Moreover, the proposed robust adaptive beamforming can be efficiently computed at a low complexity cost compared with the conventional adaptive beamforming algorithms. Computer simulation results demonstrate excellent performance of our proposed algorithm as compared with the existing adaptive beamforming algorithms.     

基于BMP及CMR的抗主瓣干扰算法研究

瓣干扰算法。通过分析阻塞矩阵预处理后数据特征值的变化情况,修正预处理导致的过处理现象,从而重构协方差矩阵,该算法适用于阻塞矩阵预处理导致的自由度损失的情况,能够解决由于预处理导致的主瓣波峰偏移等失真问题,同时算法复杂度较低。该算法最大的优点是当采样快拍包含目标信号时,其抗干扰性能较好,快拍敏感度相比常规的波束保形方法更低,经实测数据验证,结果显示出该算法的优越性。     

基于旋转不变子空间均匀圆阵互耦自校正算法

针对均匀圆阵互耦自校正问题,提出了一种基于旋转不变参数估计(ES-PRIT)技术的互耦自校正算法。通过模式空间转换技术将互耦影响下的均匀圆阵流型向量近似等效为存在幅相误差的虚拟均匀线阵流型向量,并且该幅相误差矩阵满足中心对称性。利用该性质并结合ESPRIT技术分别给出了信源方位和互耦向量的闭式解。为了减少模式空间转换偏差的影响,基于Belloni方法,给出了一种互耦影响下抵消模式空间转换偏差的方法。仿真实验验证了新算法的有效性。     

一种新的波束形成零陷展宽算法

针对自适应波束形成器在干扰位置出现扰动时的输出性能下降问题,该文提出一种新的零陷展宽算法。该算法基于投影变换与对角加载技术的结合,首先利用投影变换技术对阵列接收数据进行预处理,结合对角加载技术,以此构造出一个新的协方差矩阵替代原来的协方差矩阵,再利用自适应波束形成技术得到零陷展宽后的波束图。仿真结果表明,该方法能有效展宽波束零陷宽度,加深零陷深度,达到抑制位置出现扰动的强干扰信号目的。该算法易于求解,对参数的选取具有较强稳健性,在低快拍条件下,依然能有效地工作,增强了自适应波束形成器稳定性。     

导向矢量和协方差矩阵联合迭代估计的稳健波束形成算法

针对自适应波束形成器在目标导向矢量存在约束偏差时性能急剧下降的问题,该文提出一种目标导向矢量和干扰噪声协方差矩阵联合迭代估计的稳健波束形成算法。该算法首先采用稀疏重构的方法得到目标导向矢量的初始值,并通过从采样协方差矩阵中剔除目标信号估计值完成干扰加噪声协方差矩阵的初始化;然后在建立导向矢量误差优化模型的基础上,采用凸优化方法对目标导向矢量和干扰加噪声协方差矩阵联合迭代求解。最后利用目标导向矢量和干扰加噪声协方差矩阵的稳态估计值获得自适应权矢量。仿真结果表明该算法提高了波束形成器在目标导向矢量约束偏差时的输出信干噪比。     

Effect of mutual coupling on the performance of adaptive arrays

The effect of mutual coupling between array elements on the performance of adaptive arrays is examined. The study includes both steady state and transient performance. An expression for the steady state output signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) of adaptive arrays, taking into account the mutual coupling between the array elements, is derived. The expression is used to assess the steady state performance of adaptive arrays. The transient response is studied by computing the eigenvalues associated with the signal covariance matrix. The steering vector required to maximize the output SINR of Applebaum-type adaptive arrays in the presence of mutual coupling is also given.     

A projection approach for robust adaptive beamforming

It is well known that calibration errors can seriously degrade performance in adaptive arrays, particularly when the input signal-to-noise ratio is large. The effect is caused by the perturbation of the presumed steering vector from its optimal value. Although it is not as widely known, similar degradation occurs in sampled matrix inversion processing when the covariance matrix is estimated while the desired signal is present in the snapshot data. Under these conditions, performance loss is due to errors in the estimated covariance matrix and occurs even when the steering vector is known exactly. In the paper, a new method based of modification of the steering vector is proposed to overcome both the problems of perturbation and of sample covariance errors. The method involves projection of the presumed steering vector onto the observed signal-plus-interference subspace. An analysis is also presented illustrating that the sample covariance errors can be viewed as a particular type of perturbation error and a simple approximation is derived for the expected beamformer performance as a function of the number of data snapshots. Both analytical and experimental results are presented that illustrate the advantages of the proposed method