不溶性淀粉黄原酸酯处理Cr(Ⅵ)废水的研究

以土豆淀粉为原料、环氧氯丙烷为交联剂制备交联淀粉,再进行黄原酸化反应制备不溶性淀粉黄原酸酯,利黄原酸酯吸附电镀废水中的Cr(Ⅵ)。通过正交试验确定黄原酸酯对含Cr(Ⅵ)废水的最佳实验条件,ρ[Cr(Ⅵ)]=25mg/L时,以40r/min慢速搅拌,在pH=8,反应t为40min,投加4g/L黄原酸酯时,Cr(Ⅵ)去除率为99.7%,Cr(Ⅵ)的出水质量浓度为0.075mg/L,低于国家最高允许排放限值中的新建电镀企业排放限值。     

交联薯渣黄原酸酯对废水中Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附研究

交联薯渣黄原酸酯(CCX)废水中Cr(Ⅵ)离子的吸附,探讨了pH值、温度、吸附时间、CCX含硫量、Cr(Ⅵ)初始浓度等因素对其吸附效果的影响。结果表明,当CCX加入量为理论加入量的3.0倍时,pH为2.5,在45℃下搅拌反应50 min,对Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附容量为37.76 mg/g,去除率达到99.69%,处理后的废水中Cr(Ⅵ)浓度为0.15 mg/L,低于国标排放标准(0.5 mg/L)。并通过红外光谱和热重分析,对CCX吸附Cr(Ⅵ)的机理进行了探讨。     

羟基铁交联累托石吸附重金属离子Cr6+的研究

研究羟基铁交联累托石的制备及其对Cr^6 的吸附性能。当溶液pH值为3左右，羟基铁交联累托石(以下简称CLR)～的用量为13．2g／LH2O时，常温振荡吸附60min，Cr^6 的去除率可达到98％，残留Cr^6 浓度可降至0．5mg／L以下。     

微电解法在电镀混合废水处理中的应用及研究

结合工程实例介绍了微电解法在电镀混合废水处理中的反应机理,说明了其处理工艺的工艺流程及设计参数。实际运行表明,微电解法处理可使电镀混合废水的出水离子浓度ρ（Cu^2＋）〈0．5mg/L,ρ（Ni^2＋）〈1．0mg／L,ρ（Pb^2＋）〈1．0mg/L,达到了排放标准,经济效益和环境效益良好。同时对该工艺进行了进一步研究表明,当进水ρ[Cr（Ⅵ）]〈100mg／L时,可与含Cu^2＋、Ni^2＋、Pb^2＋的电镀混合废水一起处理。     

铁板电絮凝联合活性炭吸附处理含铬电镀废水的研究

采用以铁板为电极材料的电絮凝装置处理含铬电镀废水。研究了电流密度、絮凝时间、初始pH值等工艺条件对废水中Cr(Ⅵ)去除率的影响。结果表明:当电流密度为20mA/cm~2、絮凝时间为40min、初始pH值为4~6时,对废水中Cr(Ⅵ)的去除效果较好。采用活性炭吸附法对电絮凝出水进行深度处理,处理后废水中Cr(Ⅵ)的质量浓度、总铬的质量浓度、出水pH值均满足《电镀污染物排放标准》(GB 21900—2008)中相关的排放标准限值要求。     

甘蔗渣活性炭处理含铬电镀废水

以甘蔗渣为原料,氯化锌为活化剂,通过微波辐射制备了活性炭,并以此活性炭为吸附剂处理含铬电镀废水。考察了Cr初始质量浓度、溶液p H、活性炭用量、吸附时间和吸附温度对活性炭吸附量及Cr的去除率的影响。结果表明,对初始质量浓度20.00 mg/L,p H为5的模拟含Cr废水,投加1 g/L甘蔗渣活性炭,在20°C下吸附60 min,Cr的去除率可达94.00%。采用该法处理实际含铬电镀废水,出水可达标排放。     

电镀含铬废水及其沉淀污泥中铬的回收工艺

采用NaOH和Na2CO3饱和溶液调节电镀含铬废水pH,分离废水中Cr（Ⅵ）与Cr（Ⅲ）及杂质,在氧化分离后的含铬滤渣和含铬污泥回收其中的铬。含铬废渣氧化回收铬的最佳工艺条件为反应时间90min,温度70℃,pH8．5-9．0,含铬废渣中铬的回收率达到95％;预处理和废渣氧化回收两部分的含Cr（Ⅳ）溶液合并,加入Pb（NO3）2溶液作为沉淀剂生成中铬黄颜料,铬的回收率在99．9％以上,产品符合国标GB／T3184-93的质量标准;处理后的排放水中Cr（Ⅳ）的浓度小于0．3mg／L,总Cr含量小于0．8mg／L,达到《污水综合排放标准》（GB8978—1996）的要求;处理后的废渣中的铬低于0．5％（干样）,主要为难氧化难浸出的Cr（Ⅲ）铬盐,可以安全填埋。处理工艺达到了对含铬废水和含铬污泥无害化处理和资源化利用的目的,环境效益和经济效益显著。     

钠型累托石处理含油废水

本文的正交实验研究表明,钠改性累托石对含油废水进行混凝处理的最佳工艺条件是：pH=8、搅拌器转数100r／min、反应时间10分钟、累托石用量400mg／L：影响混凝效果的因素主次顺序为：累托石用量、pH值、作用时间、搅拌速率;对含油废水的COD去除率可达到70．94％,浊度去除率可达69．70%,且处理后的含油废水达到国家二级污水排放标准。     

羟基铁交联累托石吸附重金属离子Cr6+的研究

研究羟基铁交联累托石的制备及其对Cr6+的吸附性能.当溶液pH值为3左右,羟基铁交联累托石(以下简称CLR)～的用量为13.2g/LH20时,常温振荡吸附60min,Cr6+的去除率可达到98%,残留Cr6+浓度可降至0.5mg/L以下.     

粘土层孔材料处理含铬废水的研究

研究了以粘土层孔材料作为吸附剂 ,以F0 2为添加剂对含铬电镀废水的处理 ,并对其吸附性能作了初步探讨。试验表明在不改变原水 pH值的条件下 ,吸附剂用量为 2 5 g/L ,还原剂用量为0 5g/L ,处理后水中残留铬浓度为 0 2mg/L ,远低于国标GB8978 1996一级排放标准 ;试验结果还表明 :粘土层孔材料吸附铬的反应符合Freundlich吸附经验式     

Sapindaceae,cyanolipids, and bugs

Scentless plant bugs (Heteroptera: Rhopalidae) are so named because adults of the Serinethinae have vestigial metathoracic scent glands. Serinethines are seed predators of Sapindales, especially Sapindaceae that produce toxic cyanolipids. In two serinethine species whose ranges extend into the southern United States,Jadera haematoloma andJ. sanguinolenta, sequestration of host cyanolipids as glucosides renders these gregarious, aposematic insects unpalatable to a variety of predators. The blood glucoside profile and cyanogenesis ofJadera varies depending on the cyanolipid chemistry of hosts, and adults and larvae fed golden rain tree seeds (Koelreuteria paniculata) excrete the volatile lactone, 4-methyl-2(5H)-furanone, to which they are attracted.Jadera fed balloon vine seeds (Cardiospermum spp.) do not excrete the attractive lactone. Loss of the usual heteropteran defensive glands in serinethines may have coevolved with host specificity on toxic plants, and the orientation ofJadera to a volatile excretory product could be an adaptive response to save time.Mention of a commercial product does not consititute an endorsement by the USDA.     

2008～2009年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2008年7月～2009年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2008～2009年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况。按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、环氧树脂、不饱和聚酯树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.