联合国打算将ISO9000用于食品检验

联合国食品标准计划协调委员会打算为ISO9000系列最终应用于食品进出口检验和认证体系起草指南。 药典食品委员会(联合国粮农组织(FAO)和世界卫生组织(WHO)的一个联合体)也正致力于同ISO 9000用于食品部门取得实践经验的国家达到共识。 在药典食品进出口检验和认证体系委员会的第三次会议上,对这些问题进行了讨论,并对法国代表团提交的工作文本进行了审查。法国代表团解释,在制定关系到管理机构、认证机构和食品工业的简明文件时已经做了周全的考虑。     

俄罗斯电气类产品认证体系及适用模式

目前,俄罗斯国内有16个强制认证体系,包括俄罗斯国家标准认证(GOST R认证)体系、卫生防疫评估体系、防火安全认证体系、通信产品认证体系、工业安全和技术监管体系、建筑和设计认证体系、机械交通工具和拖车认证体系、动植物监管体系、生态监管体系、信息保护手段许可及认证体系等.     

风电检测认证体系现状评价和研究

2011年中国风电持续高速发展,继续领跑全世界风电行业的发展(累计装机容量达到62.4GW,年增长率39.4％).但是,这种高速发展需要与之相匹配的风电检测认证体系.通过国内外检测认证技术能力和体系完备性的全面对比发现,国内检测认证机构存在能力不足、覆盖面不够、标准体系不完善等问题.本文结合新发布国家标准以及IEC标准对风电认证的规定以及国外风电发展的经验,初步提出了我国风电检测认证标准体系.     

国内外食品添加剂标准体系研究

随着经济的发展,食品安全问题日趋成为全社会关注的焦点.通过分析研究国内外食品添加剂标准体系的现状和存在问题,结合我国食品安全监管工作的实际需要,借鉴国际组织和发达国家食品安全技术法规标准体系的优点,提出我国食品标准体系的不足和建议.为政府主管部门开展食品标准制修订工作,健全完善我国食品标准体系提供理论依据和参考.     

认证认可制度支撑食品农产品质量作用研究及建议

随着世界贸易和食品科技的快速发展,认证认可制度在健全全过程监管体系,提高监管效率,提升食品农产品质量和安全,减少企业监管成本,消除进出口贸易壁垒,增强政府公信力等方面发挥着重要作用。本文首先介绍了我国食品农产品认证认可体系及其在支撑食品农产品质量和安全方面发挥的作用,然后针对目前认证认可制度存在的监管、公信力和消费市场等问题进行了分析并提出了建议,从而促进认证认可行业的健康发展。     

有机食品、绿色食品和无公害食品的概念及其异同

有机食品、绿色食品和无公害食品的概念 1.有机食品(Organic Food)的概念 有机食品是指来自于有机农业生产体系,根据有机农业生产要求和相应的标准生产加工的,并通过独立的有机食品认证机构认证的一切农副产品,包括粮食、蔬菜、水果、奶制品、禽畜产品、蜂蜜、水产品、调料等.     

俄食品技术条件新标准简况

最近 ,俄罗斯标准化协会通过了一项国家标准草案《食品技术条件制定和签署的一般要求》。该标准由俄罗斯标准化研究院、实验与认证中心和农产品研究院等根据 2 0 0 0年国家标准化计划共同制定。制定该标准草案的原因是 :第一 ,虽然在ГОСТ 2 114《统一设计文件体系技术条件　结构、叙述和签署规定》中对食品的技术条件有严格规定 ,但该标准主要针对的是机器制造业和仪器制造业 ,没有考虑食品的特点。第二 ,为了实施联邦法律《食品质量与安全法》 ,该法第 9款规定 ,技术文件的要求由国家标准规定 ;第 5款规定 ,联邦标准化和认证监察权力…     

老字号企盼传统食品标准更新

“国家第三批QS食品认证工作将在6月底、7月初展开，届时酱菜、腌菜等中国传统食品将被列入需要市场准入认证才能流通的食品之一，而与此相对的是，我国传统食品标准滞后和不科学的一面却在制约传统食品的发展。”     

德荣食品标志

正设计说明:德荣食品是河南省著名商标,驰名省内外的清真品牌标志以伊斯兰建筑为外轮廓,凸显了清真的特点,内置阿拉伯清真书法字样和与食品颇有渊源的清代大书法家伊秉绶的书法"德荣"两字,中文下方设置英文和品牌创立时间。该标志易识易记,便于传播、推广。     

关于如何完善我国风电标准体系的几点思考

通过介绍国内外风电标准和检测认证体系的发展历史及其涉及的主要内容,重点分析了我国风电标准和检测认证体系建设的现状,指出了该标准体系的某些不完善之处。在此基础上,结合我国风电产业发展和标准应用现状,提出了我国风电标准和检测认证体系的建设原则及需要重点解决的主要任务。     

Gender differences in publication productivity in psychology in India

An analysis of gender differences in psychology in India provides quantitative and qualitative assessment of R&D output contributed by psychologists with the indication of the trend of growth, skewness, relatedness, co-authorship pattern of productivity.     

Metrology in Chemistry in Germany

The system for Metrology in Chemistry in Germany is described. At the national standards level, a network of high-level chemistry institutes coordinated by the national metrology institute, PTB, provides the primary references for chemical measurements. A dissemination mechanism employs chemical calibration laboratories accredited within the framework of the German Calibration Service (DKD). They act as “multipliers” between the national standards level and the user level by providing the user with calibration means which are traceable to the SI via national standards. Traceability structures in clinical chemistry, electrochemistry, elemental analysis and gas analysis are described     

Natural radioactivity in drinking water in private wells in Finland

Natural radioactivity in drinking water was determined in population-based random study of 472 private wells. The mean concentrations of (222)Rn, (226)Ra, (234)U, (238)U, (210)Pb and (210)Po in drilled wells were 460, 0.05, 0.35, 0.26, 0.04 and 0.05 Bq l(-1), and in wells dug in the soil were 50, 0.016, 0.02, 0.015, 0.013 and 0.007 Bq l(-1), respectively. Approximately 10% of the drilled wells exceeded a radon concentration of 1000 Bq l(-1) and 18% a uranium concentration of 15 microg l(-1). The mean annual effective dose from natural radionuclides for a drilled well user was 0.4 mSv and 0.05 mSv for a user of a well dug in the soil. The effective dose arising from (222)Rn was 75% of the total of all natural radionuclides for drilled well users. As regards long-lived radionuclides, (210)Po and (210)Pb caused the largest portion of the effective dose. The dose arising from (238)U, (234)U and (226)Ra was only 8% of the total of all natural radionuclides.     

Natural radioactivity in drinking water in private wells in Finland

Radiation Protection Dosimetry     

Optische in situ Schichtdickenmessung in Bedampfungsanlagen. Optical in situ film thickness monitoring in coating systems

Optical film thickness monitoring is more precise than crystal monitoring. The optical measurement makes use of the fact that the intensity of a monochromatic light beam which is reflected on a film will change periodically with increasing film thickness. The measurement is performed at an exchangeable test glass that is positioned beside the substrates and is therefore coated in the same way as the substrates. The accuracy of cut‐off is achieved by a “fit” of a theoretical curve shape to the measured values. Order filters are used to ensure that, at a certain wavelength, higher deflection orders do not influence the measurement when a monochromator grating is used.     

Spanish experience in education and training in radiation protection in medicine

In most of its publications, the International Commission on Radiological Protection has highlighted the importance of education and training in radiation protection (RP) for medical exposures. Spain, like other Member States of the European Union, has implemented the Directive and the Guidelines in the medical area. The purpose of this paper is to present the Spanish experience in RP education and training in medicine, the different objectives established according to professional levels, existing regulations and feedback obtained from various RP actions.     

Differences in coagulation in clotting of vascular access in hemodialysis patients

Arteriovenous graft (AVG) thrombosis is a frequent cause of graft failure. We evaluated coagulation protein concentrations, platelet function, and viscoelasticity factors in 20 hemodialysis (HD) patients with AVGs. The goal was to determine whether significant differences in protein concentrations, platelet function, and viscoelasticity factors exist among dialysis patients requiring frequent AVG declot procedures vs. those who do not. Twenty HD patients were enrolled: 10 frequent clotters (>3 declots in the previous year) and 10 were nonclotters. Patients on antiplatelets or chronic anticoagulation were excluded. Laboratories were drawn pretreatment and heparinase was added to counteract any potential heparin effect. Coagulation protein concentrations including tissue factor (TF), thrombin/antithrombin III complex (TAT), and prothrombin fragment 1 + 2 (F₁₊₂) were assayed. The time to clot onset was measured by force onset time (FOT). Platelet contractile force (PCF) measured the force produced by platelets during clot retraction, whereas clot rigidity was measured as clot elastic modulus (CEM). FOT, CEM, and PCF were measured by Hemodyne. Both groups had upregulation of the TF pathway, as TF, TAT, and F₁₊₂ levels were similarly increased over baseline levels. Hemodialysis patients with frequent AVG clotting had higher levels of both PCF and CEM compared with nonclotters. Additionally, the frequent clotters had a lower FOT relative to nonclotters, although both were considered in the normal range. Our study suggests that HD patients with recurrent AVG thrombotic events form clots with higher tensile strength compared with HD patients without recurrent graft thrombosis.