800kt/a硫磺制酸装置转化系统的设计优化

介绍了800 kt/a硫磺制酸装置转化系统的设计及运行情况.对转化工序设计技术进行论证,转化器采用不锈钢制作;将第一段催化剂布置在转化器最下层,方便了转化一段催化剂的筛分、装填和更换;使用新型高效催化剂确保高的转化率,降低了各段转化催化剂的起燃温度;优化转化系统的设备结构,转化系统总阻力为6～8 kPa.目前,装置已稳定运行5年多.     

谈如何确保新系统转化炉竖琴管排组焊质量全优

<正> 我公司新系统一段转化炉从投用至今已运行20多年,转化炉的转化管按使用年限要求已超过规定的时间,从近几年炉管检测结果看,C级转化管呈上升趋势,为了保证新系统生产的正常运行,集团公司决定1997年利用新系统大修对该炉进行整体更换。按公司总体计划要求,在1997年新系统大修之前须将转化炉竖琴管排组焊完毕,保证更换工作顺利进行。     

浅谈焦炉气制甲醇转化联锁

文章主要对焦炉气制甲醇转化联锁系统,对目前转化连锁系统进行利弊分析,并对目前连锁提出了改进建议与意见。     

炼锌烟气制酸一转、二转热量调剂——兼评3+1各种换热流程

介绍硫酸转化系统调热的计算依据和调热原则,阐述两种调热方法,探讨炼锌烟气制酸转化系统的换热流程。     

甲醇轻油转化过程微机控制方案的研究

本文旨在介绍甲醇轻油转化炉装置的微机控制。通过现场测试求取转化炉的数学模型,在此基础上进行系统关联分析与解耦系统设计。为实现转化炉反应出口气体甲烷含量的实时控制,本文提出了一种基于数学模型的甲烷值在线估计技术,最后讨论结合工艺特点的转化炉系统总体控制方案和微机系统的硬件、软件设备。     

复合硅酸盐毡——一种比较理想的保温材料

介绍了硫酸装置转化系统常用的几种保温材料,并进行了综合分析,结果表明,复合硅酸盐毡是适合于硫酸装置转化系统的一种比较理想的保温材料。     

渭河饱水渗滤系统除污功效的模拟试验研究

通过室内土柱试验装置来模拟渭河渗滤系统,研究了苯胺污水在饱水渗滤系统中的迁移转化特征.结果表明,其迁移转化作用主要为苯胺的厌氧生物降解作用,其转化结果是饱水渗滤系统对苯胺污水有很大的净化作用,其净化率达到100%.     

以天然气为介质还原蒸汽转化催化剂

介绍了在中国石化荆门分公司制氢装置采用天然气还原Z417/Z418型转化催化剂工业应用的成功经验,并对使用天然气作为还原介质的操作要点进行说明。结果表明,使用天然气作为还原Z417/Z418型转化催化剂介质,必须在建立系统循环的基础上进行,通过系统循环,保证转化催化剂还原所需要的氢气,使转化催化剂得到完全还原。     

合成氨转化系统的节能改造

针对目前国内天然气合成氨装置的转化系统普遍存在燃料天然气消耗过大、热能浪费严重等问题,对合成氨装置转化系统进行了一系列节能技术改造.工业运行结果表明改造后的转化系统,生产每吨NH3其燃料天然气消耗从350 m3降至200 m3,生产能力从6万t/a提高至9万t/a,基本克服了原装置的弊端.     

新型转化气余热锅炉在制氢装置的应用

介绍制氢装置生产9.8 MPa高压蒸汽的转化气余热锅炉系统,描述该系统的多种新技术。分析该系统开工过程中出现的问题,并对转化气余热锅炉的操作要点进行探讨,提出余热锅炉操作的相关建议。     

固定床反应器活性炭还原SO_2制单质硫的研究

以活性炭为还原剂,在固定床反应器中将N_2和SO_2混合气体反应还原制得硫单质。研究了反应温度、反应空时、原料气浓度等因素对SO_2脱除率和硫磺产率的影响。结果表明:在反应温度800℃,反应空时14s,SO_2转化率达95%以上,硫磺产率可达85%以上,制得硫磺纯度97%以上。     

Electrogenerative formation of ferric ions in a sulfur dioxide–sulfuric acid solution; Graphite catalysed sulfur dioxide oxidation

The electrogenerative oxidation of ferrous ions in 3m sulfuric acid, containing sulfur dioxide and subsequent sulfur dioxide oxidation, were studied in connection with potential regenerable sulfur dioxide remediation processes. The presence of sulfur dioxide in the feed stream did not affect cell performance. Oxidation of sulfur dioxide in the electrogenerative reactor took place when high ferrous to ferric ion conversions were obtained. Low cost graphite and iron ions served as an effective mediating system for promoting electron transfer to sulfur dioxide in strong acid solutions. In contrast, the homogenous reaction between iron(iii) and sulfur dioxide is relatively slow. In a separate batch reactor, the heterogeneous iron(iii) and sulfur dioxide reaction was found to be graphite catalysed, accounting for sulfur dioxide conversion observed in the electrogenerative reactor. Ferrous ion presence should be minimized, because it inhibits the desired catalysed reaction.     

复杂化工系统的热力学效率方程及其应用

根据化工系统中各单元之间结构的特点，推导出复杂系统的热力学效率方程，并对某硫酸装置ＳＯ＿２转化系统进行实例分析。     

一种利用脱氮硫杆菌的同步脱硫反硝化新工艺研究

Thiobacillus denitrificans, a kind of autotrophic facultative bacteria, can oxidize sulfide into elemental sulfur or sulfate when nitrate was adopted as its electron accepter and carbon dioxide as its carbon resource under anoxic or anaerobic environment. In this way, nitrate is converted into nitrogen. In addition, ThiobaciWus denitrificans can accumulate sulfur extracellularly. In this study, in a process of simultaneous desulfurization and denitrification, a strain of Thiobacillus denitriificans is employed as sulfur-producer in the treatment of wastewater containing sulfide and nitrate. The key factors affecting this process are investigated through batch tests. The experimental results indicate that the sulfide concentration and the ratio of sulfide to nitrate (S2-/NO3-) in the influent are the key factors, and their suitable values are suggested to be 5/3 and no more than 300mg·L-1, respectively, in order to achieve high conversion of sulfur.     

烷基苯磺酸生产装置的节能技改

对气体SO3作为磺化剂生产烷基苯磺酸的生产装置进行节能改造。工艺上全流程采用低压降优化设计,降低系统压力,降低干燥空气露点,改变SO3转化系统的升温方式和磺化反应器的布膜方式,缩短转化器升温时间并有效提高SO2气体的转化率和烷基苯磺化率,达到降低原料消耗、提高产品活性物含量和大幅度降低单位产品电耗的节能改造目的。     

硫磺流化法还原钛白石膏工艺模拟研究

利用硫磺、碳等还原硫酸法钛白粉生产副产物钛白石膏是处理钛白石膏堆放问题的方法之一。针对硫磺在回转窑分解钛白石膏制硫酸和氧化钙的过程存在时间长、硫磺用量大、硫化钙产量不高等问题,提出了以钛白石膏为原料利用酸浸法去除铁杂质后,利用硫磺为还原剂将石膏在气固竖式反应器中煅烧生成硫化钙和二氧化硫,前者再与硫酸钙煅烧制得氧化钙和二氧化硫,得到的氧化钙可以中和废酸和废水,产生的二氧化硫用来制硫酸的方法。先利用反应热力学计算软件HSC分析确定实验方案,分别在流态化实验（800 ℃,保温40 min）和煅烧实验（1 100℃,保温1.5 h）后得到硫化钙转化率与氧化钙纯度均达到90%左右。再利用Aspen软件模拟了工艺流程,模拟出二氧化硫体积分数可达12.09%,满足制硫酸的需求。硫酸生产成本估算为263.9元/t,具有较大的市场前景。     

冶炼烟气处理新技术——SO_2的非定态转化理论研究

本文对Boreskov和Matros提出的绝热式非定态SO_2转化器的基本特性进行了系统的理论研究。考察了冶炼烟气的SO_2浓度和气速对操作性能的影响,确定了适宜的换向周期和气体停留时间。针对我国冶炼烟气的特点,提出了串气的并串联非定态两转两吸工艺,该工艺可在现有的定态转化器上实现,出口尾气SO_2含量小于150ppm。     

Desulfurization of a Turkish lignite at various gas atmospheres by pyrolysis. Effect of mineral matter

An investigation was made of the removal of pyritic and organic sulfur by pyrolysis at ambient pressure of a Turkish lignite under nitrogen and carbon dioxide atmospheres and the effect of mineral matter on the sulfur removal in pyrolysis of HCl and HCl/HF-treated coal under carbon dioxide atmosphere. Results obtained indicated that both pyritic and organic sulfur removal increased with increasing pyrolysis temperature. The pyrolysis in carbon dioxide atmosphere had more effect on the organic sulfur removal at high temperatures. As a consequence of treatment of coal with HCl, pyritic sulfur removal increased but organic sulfur removal decreased. This implies that the removal of carbonates from coal negatively affects the organic sulfur removal. The observed decrease in organic sulfur removal may be related to the decrease in pyrolytic conversion. It was observed that HCl/HF treatment has an increased effect on the pyritic removal and organic sulfur removal during pyrolysis. The increase in organic sulfur removal after HF-treatment therefore might be due to the removal of clay minerals in the raw coal structure. In addition, it may be said that the presence of silicate minerals in the coal matrix can be induced that the easily removable organic sulfur compounds are converted to thermally stable and non-removable organic sulfur compounds (thiophenic or condensed thiophenic compounds) at these temperatures. Increase in the pyritic sulfur removal of HCl-treated and HCl/HF-treated coal samples may be attributed to the fact that increase of mass and/or heat transport in comparison with untreated coal as a result of elimination of mineral matter.     

普光气田脱硫装置非正常生产时二氧化硫捕集系统吸收剂体系研究

二氧化硫已成为我国大气污染的主要污染源之一,已经形成了多项有效地控制污染的技术。本文针对普光气田脱硫联合装置非正常生产时的现场情况,通过实验对比氢氧化钠、氧化镁、氧化钙、氨水等物质对二氧化硫的吸收率,选出最佳的二氧化硫吸收药剂体系及最佳吸收剂浓度,并且分析对比了该药剂体系的经济技术指标。     

高硫型煤常压固定床气化炉内固硫效果研究──(Ⅲ)气化过程中硫的转化

研究了H2＋CO2气氛中煤气化过程硫的转化。发现随升温速度加快，硫化氢释放速度也加快；气体流速加大，硫化氢析出加快；添加物影响硫化氢析出；加固硫剂后，硫化氢释放规律有所变化，且升温速度加快，固硫率提高。煤中矿物自身有一定的固硫能力，且与气氛、升温速度、终温等因素有关。