十二水合硫酸铁铵催化合成己二酸二丁酯

以十二水合硫酸铁铵为酯化催化剂合成了己二酸二丁酯，并考察了催化剂用量、反应时间、醇酸比对酯化反应的影响，确定了最佳工艺条件：反应时间1．0h，催化剂用量为2．5g，醇酸比为5．5时，酯化率达98．4％。实验结果表明，十二水合硫酸铁铵作为酯化催化剂具有催化活性高、反应条件温和、使用方便、收率高等优点。     

固体超强酸SO~(2-)_4/ZrO_2催化合成十二烷二酸二异辛酯

采用沉淀-浸渍法制备了固体超强酸SO2-4/ZrO2催化剂,经FT-IR、XRD对制备的固体超强酸进行表征。以十二烷二酸、异辛醇为原料,采用SO2-4/ZrO2固体酸催化剂合成十二烷二酸二异辛酯。考察了反应温度、反应时间、原料配比、催化剂的质量分数等对合成反应的影响。使用该催化剂合成十二烷二酸二异辛酯的最佳反应条件为:反应温度为130℃,醇酸物质的量比为4∶1,反应时间为5 h,催化剂质量为酸的质量的1.5%,酯化率为98.4%。催化剂不经处理可循环使用,使用5次以后酯化率为95.3%。     

磷铝固体酸催化合成柠檬酸三丁酯

用磷铝固体酸做催化剂，以柠檬酸、正丁醇为原料，催化合成柠檬酸三丁酯。当催化剂用量为固定床反应器体积的1／3时，考察了影响酯化率的各种因素，确定了最佳反应条件：反应温度为160℃，酸醇摩尔比为1：5，该条件下的单程酯化率为50％。     

合成丙烯酸十二酯的新方法

以丙烯酸和十二醇为原料，对甲苯磺酸为催化剂，利用微波辅助合成技术通过熔融酯化法制备了丙烯酸十二酯，并用红外光谱、核磁共振和元素分析等手段证实了产物。系统考察了微波功率、辐射时间、醇酸摩尔比及催化剂用量等对酯化反应产率的影响，结果表明最佳工艺备件为：微波功率195W，辐射时间12min，n（醇）：n（酸）=1．0：1．2，催化剂0.6wt％，在此条件下，丙烯酸十二酯的产率可达96．0％，反应速率提高15倍以上。     

固体超强酸SO42-/TiO2-Al2O3-SnO2催化合成DBS

以固体超强酸SO4^2-／TiO2-Al2O3-SnO2为催化剂、葵二酸和正丁醇为原料合成了癸二酸二丁酯(DBS)。研究了反应时间、醇酸物质的量比、催化剂用量等对酯化率的影响。结果表明：最佳反应条件为以0.05mol葵二酸为基准，n(酸)：n(醇)=1：4，催化剂0．5g，反应时间3．5h，此时酯化率达97．5％，产品质量分数大于98％；催化剂重复使用6次后，催化活性基本不变。     

活性炭固载对甲苯磺酸催化合成柠檬酸三丁酯

以活性炭固载对甲苯磺酸为催化剂，用柠檬酸合成了增塑剂柠檬酸三丁酯。考察了反应时间、酸醇比、催化剂用量对酯化率的影响；确定了最佳的工艺条件：以0．3mol的柠檬酸为基准，n-柠檬酸：n-正丁醇为1：4，T为110～140℃，t为3h，M(催化剂)为1．0g，酯化率≥99％，催化剂可回收重复使用。     

杂多酸催化合成十二、十三碳二元酸酯类耐寒增塑剂的研究

以杂多酸(HPA)为催化剂，用十二、十三碳二元酸分别与正丁醇、正已醇、正辛醇、异辛醇进行酯化反应合成了8种长链脂肪酸酯，用核磁共振碳谱与氢谱进行了结构确证；并考察了反应时间、醇／酸物质的量之比、脱水剂用量及催化剂HPA用量对酯化反应的影响。结果表明，最佳反应条件为：正已醇与十二、十三碳二元酸物质的量之比为2．3：1，正辛醇与十二、十三碳二元酸物质的量之比为2．1：1，HPA用量为醇酸总质量的O．8％，苯用量为醇酸总质量的20％。     

琥珀酸二（2—乙基）己酯磺酸钠的合成

探讨了以马来酸酐，仲辛醇，焦亚硫酸钠为原料，常压下经酯化，磺化合成琥珀酸二（２－乙基）己酯磺酸钠的合成条件。考察了５种催化剂对产品酯化率，酸值及色泽的影响，选出了最佳酯化催化剂－混酸。经优化试验获最佳酯化条件为：催化剂用量为０．８％；仲辛醇：马来酯酐为２．３：１（ｍｏＬ／ｍｏＬ）；酯化温度为１４０±５°；酯化时间为３．５ｈ。在该条件下重复实验（ｎ＝３），产物酯值低于６ｍｇ ＫＯＨ／ｇ，酯化率大于９     

对甲苯磺酸催化合成水杨酸异丁酯的研究

以对甲苯磺酸为催化剂。通过水杨酸和异丁醇酯化反应合成水杨酸异丁酯。研究了各有关因素对产品酯化率的影响。实验结果表明：对甲苯磺酸是合成水杨酸异丁酯的良好催化剂，在酸醇物质的量比为1：1．8，催化剂用量为5％，甲苯10mL，反应时间6h，反应温度120-140℃的条件下。水杨酸异丁酯的酯化率可达84．2％。     

活性炭固载对甲苯磺酸催化合成柠檬酸三丁酯

以活性炭固载对甲苯磺酸为催化剂，用柠檬酸合成了柠檬酸三丁酯，考察了反应时间，酸醇比，催化剂用量对酯化率的影响。确定了最佳的工艺条件，以0．3mol的柠檬酸为基准n（柠檬酸）：n（正丁醇）=1：4，T=110-140℃，t=3h，M（催化剂）=1．0G，酯化率≥99％，催化剂可回收重复使用。     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

ICP-MS法测定地球化学样品中As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量痕量元素的研究

建立了测定地球化学样品中包括As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量、痕量元素的ICP-MS方法。地化试样用HF-HNO3混酸分解后,以1 1 HNO3溶解干渣。由于制样不使用盐酸,避免了Cl对As、Cr、Ge、V的质谱干扰。用国家一级地球化学标准物质GBW 07309制备溶液优化仪器工作参数,并用于校准。方法测定限(6s)为:0.007~6.4μg/g,精密度(RSD%,n=12)为:29%~9.4%,经过国家一级地球化学标准物质的分析验证,结果与标准值吻合。方法已应用于国土资源调查的试样分析。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

基于ATRP法制备的触角状亲水性羟胺树脂的吸硼性能的研究

以大分子引发剂氯乙酰化聚苯乙烯微球(PS-acyl-Cl)经原子转移自由基聚合(ATRP)法引发丙烯酰胺(AM)和甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯(GMA)单体的共聚接枝,制得一种触角状亲水性环氧载体(PS-acyl-g-P(AM-co-GMA)),再经二乙醇胺(DEA)的环氧基开环胺化反应,得到一种含多个-NCH2CH2OH螯合配基的多齿-五元螯合环的触角状亲水性羟胺树脂(PS-acyl-g-P(AM-co-GMA)-DEA)。将此树脂用于硼吸附研究,结果表明,PS-acyl-g-P(AM-co-GMA)-DEA树脂对硼的吸附满足Langmuir方程,为单分子层吸附;饱和吸附量约为37.7 mg·g-1,且树脂5 min即可达到吸附平衡,与其它已报道的吸硼树脂相比,该树脂具有更高的吸附量和吸硼速率。吸附动力学研究表明,树脂吸附硼的过程主要由颗粒扩散过程控制。重复使用5次后该树脂的吸附量基本不变,解吸率均在90%以上,重复使用性能良好。