宽频高性能短切碳纤维/聚氨酯泡沫吸波材料制备

采用两种不同长度的短切碳纤维做填充吸收剂制备聚氨酯硬质泡沫基复合吸波材料,使用微波矢量网络分析仪系统和弓形法测量该类复合材料的微波吸收性能,研究了两种不同长度的短切碳纤维单独应用以及复合应用时,填充质量分数、混合填充比、总填充量以及匹配层对聚氨酯泡沫吸波复合材料在8~18 GHz频段吸波性能的影响。结果表明,短切碳纤维的最佳填充质量分数为7%,短切碳纤维T1和T2的最佳混合填充比为3∶4;匹配层引入可进一步改善X波段和Ku波段的宽频吸波性能,在X波段和Ku波段可实现全频段优于-10 d B的吸波性能,峰值达-21.1 d B。     

夹层结构复合材料的吸波隐身技术研究进展

综述目前国内外夹层结构复合材料吸波隐身技术的特点、主要研究方向以及应用情况,包括蜂窝夹层结构和泡沫塑料夹层结构。介绍蜂窝夹层结构的吸波隐身技术的研究进展,指出影响蜂窝夹层结构吸波性能的主要影响因素,包括蜂窝本身的规格尺寸以及浸渍胶液体系等。分析聚氨酯和聚甲基丙烯酰亚胺(PMI)两种常用的泡沫夹芯吸波复合材料的吸波性能和力学性能,指出具有高力学性能、高耐热性的吸波性PMI泡沫塑料泡沫夹层结构是吸波隐身夹层结构技术未来的主要研究方向。     

无反射层泡沫夹层结构设计及吸波性能研究EI北大核心CSCD

针对无反射层的电磁隐身需求,本工作对透波层/吸波泡沫/透波层的夹层结构的吸波性能进行仿真计算,据此制备不同电磁参数的吸波泡沫,对其进行电磁特性表征,并研究吸波泡沫夹层结构的雷达散射截面(RCS)性能。结果表明:在吸波泡沫介电常数为2.3~2.7,介电损耗为0.24~0.26时,无反射层的夹层结构在宽频范围内具有最优的吸波性能。加入炭黑吸收剂泡沫的介电常数和介电损耗具有明显的变化规律,吸波PMI泡沫的电磁特性与仿真计算最优吸波泡沫较接近。炭黑质量分数为8%时吸波PMI泡沫夹层结构在2~18 GHz频率范围内具有最优的隐身性能,与仿真计算结果相对应,其通过低频透波、高频吸波实现电磁波隐身。     

含结晶水无机物在吸波材料中的作用

研究了含结晶水无机物和乙炔炭黑(CB)填充聚合物复合材料的吸波性能。结果表明,单纯填充含结晶水无机物的复合材料不具有吸波性能,填充CB的复合材料有良好的吸波性能;结晶水无机物和CB混合填充的复合材料的吸波性能优于单纯由CB填充的复合材料,在该复合材料中,结晶水无机物的含量影响材料的吸波性能;水合氧化铝(Al2O3.3H2O)和CB混合填充的复合材料的最大吸收衰减可达21.87dB。     

含电路模拟结构吸波复合材料

研究了电路模拟结构材质、电路模拟结构尺寸、介质层电磁参数等对电阻渐变型和"陷阱"式结构吸波复合材料的吸波性能和力学性能的影响。结果表明:通过合理的结构设计,在其它条件相同的情况下含电路模拟结构电阻渐变吸波复合材料的吸波性能在8~18 GHz范围内有3~5 dB的提高;含电路模拟结构"陷阱"式吸波复合材料在厚度≤4 mm条件下,实现了吸波性能在8~18 GHz频率范围内吸收率≥12 dB。在提高吸波复合材料吸波性能的同时,电路模拟结构的引入使复合材料力学性能有一定的提高,有利于实现吸波复合材料的吸波/承载一体化。      

结构吸波复合材料透波层的研究

采用弓形法测试反射率,研究透波层的厚度、材质对结构吸波复合材料电磁性能的影响。结果显示,在4~18GHz范围内,厚度对其吸波性能具有显著影响,厚度分别为0.25、0.50和1.25mm的透波层,其结构吸波复合材料的最大吸收峰分别为-37.03,-33.45和-33.22dB;随厚度的增加,吸收峰的位置随向低频段显著漂移,-10dB的有效吸收带宽也显著变窄,分别为11.5,11和6.5GHz;与厚度相比,材质对结构吸波复合材料电磁性能影响较小。     

叠层结构电磁超材料吸波体的特性研究

以现有的电磁超材料吸波体的主要方案为基础,对吸波体结构进行改进,研究并比较了相同单元叠层结构、不同单元叠层结构超材料吸波体的性能。根据仿真分析得出:适当增加相同单元叠层结构的层数,不仅吸波率得到提升,还会出现多个吸波峰;此外,不同单元叠层结构,在参数合理配置时,不仅拥有相同单元叠层结构的多频段、高吸波率、宽频带等优点,还可以实现近100%吸波率的完美吸波。     

柔性还原氧化石墨烯/三元乙丙橡胶复合材料的制备及其吸波性能研究

采用还原法在三元乙丙橡胶(EPDM)泡沫结构中原位生长还原氧化石墨烯(RGO)气凝胶材料,制备了RGO/EPDM泡沫双三维复合结构。研究了氧化石墨烯先驱体(GOs)溶液浓度对泡沫复合材料微观结构及电磁性能的影响规律。结果表明:不同先驱体浓度下,RGO均以三维泡沫结构形态附着在EPDM泡沫骨架结构内部,分散均匀且具有较好的附着力;成分分析显示材料复合后界面未发生化学反应,各部分材料仍保持其本征特性;微波反射率测试结果显示,在8～18GHz范围内,不同浓度的样品单体均未表现出明显的强电磁吸收能力,但3块样品梯度叠加后(厚度达7mm)吸波性能出现大幅提升,最大吸波强度达到-22.27dB,-10dB吸收频段为9.9～18GHz,频宽达到8.05GHz,显示出良好的宽频吸波性能。     

结构吸波复合材料的吸波性能

本文制备了以石墨粉为添加剂的结构吸波复合材料,研究了吸波剂含量和材料厚度对材料吸波性能的影响并分析了其相关机理。结果表明:随着石墨粉含量、材料厚度的增加,复合材料的最大吸收峰均向低频方向移动,实验试样中最大反射率可达-16.8dB,有效带宽约3GHz,具有一定的工程实用价值。复合材料的吸波性能与石墨粉含量、材料厚度密切相关,含量、厚度引起材料的电磁参数发生改变,进而导致吸波性能发生变化,电磁参数与吸波性能的规律有待进一步深入探讨。     

结构吸波泡沫及其夹层结构隐身材料的研究现状

本文综述了传统粉体、导电纤维、复合吸收剂、纳米材料改性以及蜂窝-泡沫复合体等几类结构吸波泡沫材料及其夹层结构隐身复合材料方面的研究现状和进展,并对结构吸波泡沫材料的未来发展进行了展望.     

Analytical and numerical analysis of 3D grid-reinforced orthotropic composite structures

A comprehensive micromechanical investigation of 3D periodic composite structures reinforced with a grid of orthotropic reinforcements is undertaken. Two different modeling techniques are presented; one is based on the asymptotic homogenization method and the other is a numerical model based on the finite element technique. The asymptotic homogenization model transforms the original boundary value problem into a simpler one characterized by effective coefficients which are shown to depend only on the geometric and material parameters of a periodicity cell. The model is applied to various 3D grid-reinforced structures with generally orthotropic constituent materials. Analytical formula for the effective elastic coefficients are derived, and it is shown that they converge to earlier published results in much simpler case of 2D grid reinforced structures with isotropic constituent materials. A finite element model is subsequently developed and used to examine the aforementioned periodic grid-reinforced orthotropic structures. The deformations from the finite element simulations are used to extract the elastic and shear moduli of the structures. The results of the asymptotic homogenization analysis are compared to those pertaining to their finite element counterparts and a very good agreement is shown between these two approaches. A comparison of the two modeling techniques readily reveals that the asymptotic homogenization model is appreciably faster in its implementation (without a significant loss of accuracy) and thus is readily amenable to preliminary design of a given 3D grid-reinforced composite structure. The finite element model however, is more accurate and predicts all of the effective elastic coefficients. Thus, the engineer facing a particular design application, could perform a preliminary design (selection of type, number and spatial orientation of the reinforcements) and then fine tune the final structure by using the finite element model.     

复合材料负泊松比格栅结构设计及力学性能评价

对复合材料负泊松比格栅新结构的设计、制备与评价进行了研究,采用有限元方法模拟了负泊松比结构单元在轴压载荷作用下的力学行为,通过热压罐成型制备复合材料负泊松比格栅结构,并评估其成型质量、蒙皮及筋条的力学性能、结构抗轴压性能。数值模拟结果表明,负泊松比格栅结构与正交格栅结构相比,变形形式从马鞍形变为波纹形,横向膨胀量降低,应力分布均匀性提升,筋条-轴线夹角θ=30°时,负泊松比格栅结构达到最优。采用热压罐成型的MT300/603碳纤维/环氧树脂负泊松比格栅试件成型质量良好,蒙皮及筋条的力学性能优异。力学测试结果表明,筋条-轴线夹角θ=30°时,MT300/603负泊松比格栅结构轴压模量为65.92 GPa,轴压失效载荷为64.65 kN。轴压失效模式为筋条节点处的蒙皮-筋条开裂。筋条-轴线夹角θ=30°的MT300/603负泊松比格栅结构抗压强度高于正交格栅结构,且力学行为呈现明显的负泊松比特征,是一种具备优异综合力学性能的新格栅结构,在航天飞行器蒙皮结构等领域具有潜在的应用价值。      

碳纤维/铁硅铝复合材料的低频吸波性能

为获得吸波性能良好的吸波材料,将电阻型吸波剂碳纤维和磁损耗型吸波剂FeSiAl片状磁粉复合,以石蜡为基体,利用模压法制备出复合材料。采用激光粒度分析仪、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)对单一吸波剂进行了测试分析。结果发现,片状FeSiAl磁粉的粒度在数十到几百微米之间;碳纤维表面留有活性物质,截面处能看到皮芯结构;XRD衍射图谱中,FeSiAl呈现出bcc结构。对复合吸波材料的电磁参数进行测量对比,结果表明,FeSiAl片状磁粉在1~3GHz内的最佳反射率达到-40.7dB,有效吸收频带宽度约为0.5GHz;当加入长度等于4mm,含量为0.4%(质量分数)的碳纤维时,碳纤维/铁硅铝复合材料吸波性能最佳,其反射率为-49.6dB,有效吸收频带宽度为1.0GHz;FeSiAl片状磁粉平行于吸波片表面排列时,材料的反射率减小,吸波性能增强。     

Computational method for radar absorbing composite lattice grids

Composite lattice grids reinforced by glass fibers (GFRC) and carbon fibers (CFRC) filled with spongy materials can be designed as lightweight radar absorbing structures (RAS). In the present paper, a computational approach based on periodic moment method (PMM) has been developed to calculate reflection coefficients of radar absorbing composite lattice grids. Total reflection backing (TRB) is considered directly in our PMM program by treating it as a dielectric material with large imaginary part of permittivity. Two different mechanisms of reflection reduction for radar absorbing lattice grids are revealed. At low frequency, reflection coefficients increase with the volume fraction of the grid cell wall. At high frequency, several grating lobes propagate away from the doubly periodic plane, and reflection coefficients depend on both the cell wall volume fraction and interelement distance.     

掺合材对水泥基材料雷达吸波效能实验研究

采用弓形法,对以水泥为基体,以掺合材硅灰和粉煤灰、石墨和碳纤维、纳米TiO2和钢纤维为吸波剂的试样,在8～18GHz频段内的吸波性能进行了分析,实验表明硅灰和粉煤灰、纳米TiO2和钢纤维与水泥复合制成的吸波材料具有良好的吸波效能,在8～18GHz频段内,其吸波效能随掺合材的含量增加而增大,但有一极限值。石墨和碳纤维与水泥复合制成的吸波材料的吸波效能较差,当石墨和碳纤维掺量为6%(质量分数)以上时,材料的吸波性能下降。硅灰和粉煤灰混合的最佳含量为30%(质量分数)左右,而纳米TiO2和钢纤维的最佳含量为纳米TiO24%(体积分数)、钢纤维4%(质量分数)左右。掺合材超过一定极限后,材料的透波能力增强,吸波性能便会下降。     

Vibration damping characteristics of carbon nanotubes-based thin hybrid composite spherical shell structures

The present work deals with the evaluation of elastic properties and dynamic analyses of thin hybrid composite shell structures, which consist of conventional carbon fiber as the reinforcing phase and multiwalled carbon nanotubes-based polymer as the matrix phase. The Mori-Tanaka and strength of material method has been implemented to determine the elastic properties of such hybrid composite structures without and with considering agglomerations. An eight-noded shell element, which considers stress resultant-type Koiter's shell theory and transverse shear effect as per Mindlin's hypothesis having five degrees of freedom at each node, has been utilized for discretizing and analysis of such hybrid shell structures. The Rayleigh damping model has been implemented in order to study the effect of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) on damping capacity of such hybrid composite shell structures. Different types of spherical shell panels have been analyzed in order to study the time and frequency responses. Results show that the elastic properties as well as damping properties of such hybrid composite structures improved with the addition of CNTs as compared to conventional carbon fiber reinforced composites laminates; effects of some important parameters on the vibration characteristic of such hybrid composite shell structures have also been presented. The effects of agglomeration parameters on the elastic properties and their influences on the dynamic responses considering different layers and stacking sequences have also been investigated.     

Mechanical Response of All-composite Pyramidal Lattice Truss Core Sandwich Structures

The mechanical performance of an all-composite pyramidal lattice truss core sandwich structure was investigated both theoretically and experimentally.Sandwich structures were fabricated with a hot compression molding method using carbon fiber reinforced composite T700/3234.The out-of-plane compression and shear tests were conducted.Experimental results showed that the all-composite pyramidal lattice truss core sandwich structures were more weight efficient than other metallic lattice truss core sandwich structures.Failure modes revealed that node rupture dominated the mechanical behavior of sandwich structures.     

炭纤维网布/螺旋碳纤维复合材料制备及电磁性能研究

以炭纤维网布为基体,通过电镀工艺在炭纤维网布上形成Ni催化剂膜,采用化学气相沉积方法原位合成炭纤维网布/螺旋纳米碳纤维复合材料,采用扫描电镜(SEM)、Raman光谱和X射线衍射仪(XRD)对生长的螺旋纳米碳纤维的形态和结构进行表征。考察主要反应因素—温度对螺旋纳米碳纤维生长的影响,并就生长过程进行了讨论;对其制备出的炭纤维网布/螺旋纳米碳纤维复合材料在8.2～12.4GHz频段的电磁性能进行分析,考察其吸波性能。结果表明制备出的炭纤维网布/螺旋纳米碳纤维复合材料比单一的螺旋纳米碳纤维具有更高的电磁损耗角正切,电损耗正切值由0.7提高到3.8,表明复合材料具有较好的吸波性能。     

平板型复合材料格栅结构的增强改进与参数设计

在拉挤-互锁平板型复合材料格栅结构的制作演示基础上, 提出了几种增强改进的方法, 并实现了一种平板型复合材料格栅结构的制造。借助有限元模型, 考虑到结构的力学性能和制作工艺, 对结构的最优化几何参数进行了研究, 建立了加帽增强平板型格栅结构几何参数的初步设计方法。      

High Velocity Impact Response of Composite Lattice Core Sandwich Structures

In this research, carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) composite sandwich structures with pyramidal lattice core subjected to high velocity impact ranging from 180 to 2,000 m/s have been investigated by experimental and numerical methods. Experiments using a two-stage light gas gun are conducted to investigate the impact process and to validate the finite element (FE) model. The energy absorption efficiency (EAE) in carbon fiber composite sandwich panels is compared with that of 304 stainless-steel and aluminum alloy lattice core sandwich structures. In a specific impact energy range, energy absorption efficiency in carbon fiber composite sandwich panels is higher than that of 304 stainless-steel sandwich panels and aluminum alloy sandwich panels owing to the big density of metal materials. Therefore, in addition to the multi-functional applications, carbon fiber composite sandwich panels have a potential advantage to substitute the metal sandwich panels as high velocity impact resistance structures under a specific impact energy range.