膨胀石墨CuCl2-EGICs的微观结构TEM研究

采用透射电镜研究了以膨胀石墨为主体材料合成的ＣｕＣｌ_２－ＥＧＩＣｓ微观结构,包括垂直和平行石墨碳原子层的层间结构、层面结构．根据Ｘ射线衍射参数计算获得２、３、４阶ＣｕＣｌ_２－ＥＧＩＣｓ的层间距Ｉ_ｃ值,与理论计算值近似．选区电子衍射获得面内结构参数．发现ＥＧＩＣｓ衍射斑点是由石墨碳原子层单斑点和氯化物层多斑点簇组两套相迭而成．ＥＧＩＣｓ层面内碳原子层原子排布保持了石墨六角网格状的特点;氯化钢分子相对碳原子层分布有三种堆垛方式．倒易点分析认为有（２ｘ２）Ｒ（３０°）、（７^1/2ｘ７^1/2）Ｒ（０°）、（３^1/2ｘ３^1/2）Ｒ（０°）三种超晶格结构．二阶、三阶ＣｕＣｌ_２－ＧＩＣ中氯化铜点阵与碳原子点阵之间存在３０°的偏转角,而在一阶ＣｕＣｌ_２－ＧＩＣ中偏转角等于零度．根据高分辨电镜（ＨＲＥＭ）、选区电子衍射（ＳＡＤ）、能谱微区成分、光电子能潜（ＸＰＳ－ＥＳＣＡ）和俄歇电子能谱（ＸＡＥＳ）等结果,探讨和分析了ＣｕＣｌ_２－ＥＧＩＣｓ微观结构．     

超微粉石墨层间化合物CuCl2—NiCl2—GICs合成及电学性能

常规的ＧＩＣｓ合成原料均采用合成石墨或者粒度较粗的天然石墨，这里采用超微粉石墨作原料，进行受主金属氯化物ＣｕＣｌ２－ＮｉＣｌ２－ＧＩＣ的合成研究。使用山东南墅石墨（３０００目）、Ｃｕ－Ｃｌ２和ＮｉＣｌ２（５ｎ：０．５：０．５摩尔比），在５２８℃，真空度１０．３Ｐａ条件下，得到超微粉的ＣｕＣｌ２－ＮｉＣｌ２－ＧＩＣｓ，ＳＴＥＭ单原子能谱扫描结果显示出铜离子和镍离子分布基本均匀，合成的１，２，３和４阶     

用于氟化镓铟高数值孔径光纤的氟磷酸盐和氟锆酸盐和氟锆酸盐包 …

为了得到用于１．３μｍ光通讯窗口掺镨化镓铟（ＰＧＩＣＥ）高数值孔光纤，本文报道以ＺｒＦ４－ＢａＦ２－ＬａＦ３－ＡｌＦ３－Ｎａ（Ｌｉ）Ｆ－ＰｂＦ２（ＺＢＬＡＮ（Ｌｉ）Ｐｂ）和ＮａＰＯ３－ＢａＦ２－ＺｎＦ２－ＰｂＦ２（ＦＰＧ）玻璃作为包层材料，研究了芯和包层玻璃在物理性质和化学组分上的匹配性，差热扫描（ＤＳＣ）和电镜（ＳＥＭ）分析表明ＰＧＩＣＺ／ＺＢＬＡＮ（Ｌｉ）Ｐｂ虽在物理性质上匹配，但在化学组分不     

IBAD薄膜与基体界面的显微结构

采用中能离子束辅助沉积（ＩＢＡＤ）技术，在单晶Ａｌ２Ｏ３（０００１）基片上沉积Ｍｏ膜，在ＧＡＡｓ（００１）基片上合成Ｆｅ１６Ｎ２薄膜，用ＨＲＥＭ等研究了Ｍｏｅａｊｄ－Ａｌ２Ｏ３（０００１），Ｆｅ１６ｎ２膜－ＧａＡｓ（００１）界面的显微结构，结果表明：Ｍｏ膜的晶粒呈细小柱状或纤维状，晶粒平均尺寸约８ｎｍ，Ｆｅ１６Ｎ２薄膜为等轴晶，晶粒平均尺寸约为１０ｎｍ，在Ｍｏ膜－Ａｌ２Ｏ３（０００１）界面及Ｆｅ１     

NdCl3—FeCl3—石墨层间化合物的结构表征及稳定性研究

采用熔盐交换法成功地合成了ＮｄＣｌ３－ＦｅＣｌ３－石墨层间化合物,采用ＸＲＤ技术对其层间结构进行了表征,结果表明所得产物为２,３,４ 阶共存的阶结构,其中３ 阶ＮｄＣｌ３－ＧＩＣ的特征层间距为１６５３．６±２．４ｐｍ 。通过扫描电镜（ＳＥＭ） 观察了其形貌的变化, 同时利用Ｘ射线能谱仪（ＥＤＳ） 测定了各元素的相对含量。分析其插入机制认为, ＦｅＣｌ３ 的存在对ＮｄＣｌ３的插入过程有所影响。同时对其在空气中的稳定性和热稳定性进行了研究。     

（CF_3SO_3）_3Al引发的1，3－戊二烯－苯乙烯阳离子共聚合

以三氟甲基磺酸铝（ＣＦ_３ＳＯ_３）_３Ａｌ为引发剂，正己烷为溶剂，通过阳离子聚合，合成了１，３－戊二烯－苯乙烯共聚物。用ＩＲ、￣１ＨＮＭＲ对共聚物结构进行了分析，并用ＳＥＣ（ＧＰＣ）对共聚物分子量进行了表征，对共聚物的环化度也进行了研究，用Ｋｅｌｅｎ－Ｔｕｄｏｓ方法测定的共聚合反应体系苯乙烯（Ｍ_１）和１，３－戊二烯（Ｍ_２）的竞聚率分别为γ_１＝２．１，γ_２＝０．６。     

超微粉石墨层间化合物CuCl_2-NiCl_2-GICs合成及电学性能

常规的ＧＩＣｓ合成原料均采用合成石墨或者粒度较粗的天然石墨，这里采用超微粉石墨作原料，进行受主金属氯化物ＣｕＣｌ２－ＮｉＣｌ２－ＧＩＣ的合成研究。使用山东南墅石墨（３０００目）、Ｃｕ－Ｃｌ２和ＮｉＣｌ２（５ｎ：０．５∶０．５摩尔比），在５２８℃、真空度１０．３Ｐａ条件下，得到超微粉的ＣｕＣｌ２－ＮｉＣｌ２－ＧＩＣｓ，ＳＴＥＭ单原子能谱扫描结果显示出铜离子和镍离子分布基本均匀。合成的１，２，３和４阶ＧＩＣｓ的电导率分别为１．５３６×１０４，１．６３８×１０４，３．７７３×１０４，和５．７２７×１０４。而石墨原料的电导率为１．８５１×１０４，从整体来看合成的ＧＩＣｓ的电导率是石墨原料的０．８－３倍。对比合成的ＧＩＣｓ的电导率发现，阶数不同，电导率不同，并且随着阶数的升高，电导率增大。     

反应离化团束（RICB）法生长CN硬质薄膜

用反应离化团束（ＲＩＣＢ）法，以低分子量聚乙烯为蒸发材料，氨气为反应气体，在ＮａＣｌ（１００）和Ｓｉ（１００）衬底上淀积Ｃ－Ｎ薄膜，透射电子衍射（ＴＥＭ）分析表明薄膜中含有β－Ｃ３Ｎ４晶粒，Ｘ射线光电子谱（ＸＰＳ）和红外吸收谱（ＩＲ）表明存在Ｃ，Ｎ原子的化学键合。     

DMF中电沉积制备Yb-Co合金膜

研究了于室温下含有少量水的ＹｂＣｌ３－ＣｏＣｌ２－ＤＭＦ溶液中电沉积制备Ｙｂ－Ｃｏ合金膜。ＥＤＡＸ和ＸＲＤ分析表面：在０．１０ｍｏｌ／Ｌ ＹｂＣｌ３－０．１０ｍｏｌ／Ｌ ＣｏＣｌ２的ＤＭＦ电镀液中,以控制电位为－２．７５Ｖ（ＳＣＥ）进行恒电位电解,以控制电流密度为１００Ａ／ｍ＾２进行恒电流电解或以控制脉冲电流密度为１５０Ａ／ｍ＾２进行脉冲电解,可以得到不同形态和Ｙｂ含量的共沉积合金膜,且膜层光滑、     

BMP—3和5在不同组织,细胞中的检测及其在大肠杆菌中的表达

利用ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ技术，检测了ＢＭＰ－３及ＢＭＰ－５在不同组织中的表达，并将ＰＣＲ扩增出的ｂｍｐ－３和ｂｍｐ－５ ｃＤＮＡ克隆入ｐＧＥＸ表达载体，在大肠杆菌中得到高效表达。     

钕铁硼稀土永磁材料室温熔盐电镀铝的研究

在钕铁硼(NdFeB)稀土材料表面直接进行水溶液电镀时,存在镀层分层、易起泡等缺陷.采用AlCl3/EMIC(1-甲基-3-乙基氯化咪唑)室温熔盐电解质在NdFeB永磁材料表面电镀铝,是提高其表面防护质量的有效方法.探讨了NdFeB永磁材料在室温熔盐中电镀铝的可行性、熔盐配比和芳香化合物对电镀铝层组织形态的影响,同时对镀层形成的机理进行了初步探讨.研究表明:采用AlCl3/EMIC室温熔盐电解质可在NdFeB永磁材料表面获得满意的铝镀层;铝镀层纯度很高,较完整平滑;添加芳香化合物可以大大提高镀层的质量,使晶粒细小、致密.     

低温熔融盐电镀铝的研究

低温熔融盐电镀我国发展较晚,在低碳钢上开展得更迟.为此,采用熔融盐电镀法对Q235钢在AlCl3-NaCl-KCl熔融盐中电镀铝的可能性以及电镀工艺对电镀铝层组织形态的影响进行了研究.结果表明,Q235钢在熔融盐中可以进行电镀铝.经X射线衍射分析表明,镀层的相结构为单相铝.镀层的厚度随电流密度的增大和电镀时间的延长而增加,与电镀时间的平方根成线性关系.镀铝层由许多分布均匀的铝颗粒组成,电流密度低时,铝颗粒呈片状;电流密度高时,铝颗粒呈球状.同时,对电镀铝层的形成机理也进行了初步探讨.     

低温AlCl_3-NaCl-KCl三元无机熔盐体系电镀铝工艺

用AlCl_3-NaCl-KCl三元无机熔盐体系在Q235低碳钢基体上镀铝,运用涂层测厚仪、X射线衍射仪、金相显微镜、静态浸泡失重法等手段,对铝镀层的厚度、相结构、表面形貌和耐蚀性等进行了研究.结果表明:铝镀层厚度随电流密度的增加近似成线性增长,电镀前期随电镀时间延长明显增大,之后变化率逐渐减小;镀层为面心立方结构单相铝,主要由(200)面组成;铝镀层与碳钢基体结合良好,具有较好的耐蚀性能.     

无水三氯化铝的制备方法及研究进展

无水三氯化铝是一种重要的工业原料,其制备方法受到广泛关注。评述了国内外无水三氯化铝的制备方法,分析了铝锭法、氧化铝法、含铝资源氯化法、结晶六水氯化铝高温气氛保护脱水法和结晶六水氯化铝有机盐脱水法等制备方法的特点,阐述了无水三氯化铝的制备进展。目前粉煤灰制备无水三氯化铝是研究的热点,开发操作简单、经济合理的工艺和配套的工业化生产设备将是今后研究的难点和重点。     

Determination of interfacial properties between AlN and aluminum beneath salt at high temperature

Aluminum nitride is of interest as a material for electrolysis cells in the aluminum industry due to its chemical stability when in contact with molten aluminum and/or cryolite-based salt melts. It has also been considered in combination with electrically conductive materials (i.e. AlN/Al-composite) as a material for drained cathode systems in Hall-Heroult processes. Knowledge of the interfacial properties of AlN in contact with molten aluminum and/or cryolite-based melts is therefore important. This paper reports observations of the wettability of AlN by aluminum under salt cover at high temperature using an X-ray technique. Results obtained in this work combined with previously published data are used for the assessment of the work of adhesion of molten aluminum on AlN under vacuum as well as under a cryolitic salt. Scanning electron microscopy examination of metallographic sections was used to confirm the nature of the interfaces. The measured contact angle between AlN and molten aluminum beneath a salt cover at 850 °C is 136° demonstrating the non-wettability of AlN by liquid aluminum under these conditions. The work of adhesion of molten aluminum on AlN is higher under vacuum than under salt. Previously published data allowed the determination of the interfacial properties between liquid aluminum and AlN under a salt cover. The interfacial energy between molten aluminum and salt is 773 mN/m at 850 °C. The work of adhesion of aluminum on AlN is 217 and 1322 mN/m under salt and under vacuum, respectively.     

Ionic liquids for electrochemical energy storage devices applications

Ionic liquids, defined here as room-temperature molten salts, composed mainly of organic cations and (in)organic anions ions that may undergo almost unlimited structural variations with melting points below 100?°C. They offer a unique series of physical and chemical properties that make them extreme important candidates for several energy applications, especially for clean and sustainable energy storage and conversion materials and devices. Ionic liquids exhibit high thermal and electrochemical stability coupled with low volatility, create the possibility of designing appropriate electrolytes for different type batteries and supercapacitors. Herein, varieties of ionic liquids applications are reviewed on their utilization as electrolytes for Li-ion batteries, Na-ion batteries, Li-O₂(air) batteries, Li-Sulfur (Li-S) batteries, supercapacitors and as precursors to prepare and modify the electrode materials, meanwhile, some important research results in recent years are specially introduced, and the perspective on novel application of ionic liquids is also discussed.     

Preparation and characterization of Ce0.8Sm0.2O1.9(SDC)–carbonates composite electrolyte via molten salt infiltration

Ce_0.8Sm_0.2O_1.9 (SDC)–carbonates composite electrolytes for SOFCs have been prepared for the first time via molten salt infiltration approach by infiltrating LiNaCO₃ molten carbonates into porous SDC ceramic. A range of techniques including XRD, SEM, Mercury Porosimeter and A.C. impedance, have been employed to characterize SDC and composite electrolytes. It has been found that the porous SDC shows a monomodal pore size distribution with average pore size of 300 nm. SDC–carbonates composite electrolytes via molten salt infiltration show a kind of SDC/carbonates co-continuous composite structure, with one SDC ceramic skeleton of bonded grains surrounded by carbonates phase. Both phases provide a continuous pathway for ionic transport and a large interfacial surface area. SDC–carbonates composite electrolytes prepared by molten salt infiltration have a higher mechanical strength than that of mixing–pressing composite electrolytes. Moreover, they show higher conductivity and lower activation energy than that of mixing–pressing composite electrolytes according to the measurements of AC impedance in the temperature range of 350 °C–650 °C.     

颗粒增强铝基复合材料废料回收的试验研究

为了回收铝合金基体材料,配制了合适的混合盐熔剂,采用熔融盐法去除颗粒增强铝基复合材料中的增强材料。进行了金相观察和X射线衍射分析,并测定基体合金的回收率,结果表明复合材料中的增强材料能被一定量的熔融盐去除,其回收利用率大约为85%。      

Wettability of graphite by liquid aluminum under molten potassium halide fluxes

This study is a continuation of our previous work (Baumli et al. J Mater Sci 45:5177–5190, 2010) in which the wettability of graphite by liquid aluminum was studied under different molten chlorides containing K₂TiF₆ as function of the cation of the molten chloride. In the present paper, the same was studied as function of the anion in different potassium halides (fluxes). The fluxes consisted of different potassium halides (KX) + 10 wt% potassium hexafluoro-titanate (K₂TiF₆). The potassium halides studied were potassium iodide (KI), potassium chloride (KCl), and their equimolar mixture. For perfect wettability of graphite by liquid Al under different molten KX-10 wt% K₂TiF₆ systems at 800 °C, certain critical values of the salt:Al mass ratio should be achieved, the value of which increases from KI toward KCl. Comparing the present results with the results of our previous study, we found that the critical value of the salt:Al mass ratio increases with the cation size and decreases with the anion size of the salt.     

镀铜石墨与铝熔体的润湿性

为了改善石墨与铝的润湿性,通过化学镀使石墨颗粒表面形成完整致密的铜镀层,然后将8%(质量分数)的镀铜石墨粉通过熔体搅拌法加入到铝合金基体中制得金属基复合材料.采用改进的座滴法分别测定了铝熔体与石墨、镀铜石墨的接触角.同时,利用扫描电镜(SEM)对石墨颗粒增强铝基复合材料的微观形貌进行了检测.结果显示,铝熔体与镀铜石墨的接触角为27°,其界面具有良好的润湿性,镀铜石墨粉在铝合金基体中分布均匀.