椭圆高斯光束的衍射和象差

从惠更斯－菲涅耳原理出发,采用数值积分方法分析了会聚椭圆高斯光束焦点附近的三维光分布状态,讨论了按照均匀光波球差最佳校正形式对椭圆高斯光束进行象差平衡时的中心点亮度变化,研究表明,在工程实际中,采用普通光学系统的象差平衡理论对半导体激光光学系统进行设计是完全可行的。     

强激光输出窗口热行为对光束质量的影响

为了研究强激光输出窗口热行为对光束质量的影响,从Strehl比的普遍公式出发,推导出热变形情况下考虑材料折射率温度效应的Strehl比计算公式和远场强度分布公式。计算并分析了蓝宝石、石英、单晶硅组成的窗口镜的热变形对光束质量的影响。激光功率越高,引起的窗口的热变形越显著,使得Strehl比和远场归一化强度越低,因而光束质量越差;在考虑到材料折射率的温度效应时,在相同的激光辐射条件下,蓝宝石的Strehl比随激光功率的变化较平缓。结果表明,高功率激光器的窗口热变形及其基片材料折射率的温度效应对远场光束质量具有较大的影响。     

高功率激光束光束质量的数值评价方法

为估计１０＾１２Ｗ高功率激光器的光束质量，本文采用最小二乘法对已重构的波前曲面进行球面拟合，得到相对应的无波像差参考波前。利用无波像差参考波前的曲率半径计算出高功率激光光束的衍射角，由有畸变波前与无波像差参考波前的波像差估算出激光束的Ｓｔｒｅｒｈｌ比，从而给出了评价高功率激光系统光束质量的定量结果。     

Optimization in scaling fiber-coupled laser-diode end-pumped lasersto higher power: influence of thermal effect

The optimum mode-to-pump ratio in scaling fiber-coupled laser-diode end-pumped lasers to higher power has been investigated by including the thermal effect into the space-dependent rate equation analysis. The optical path difference (OPD) distribution has been derived as a function of the pump-beam quality, focus position of pumping light, and pump radius at the focal plane under the assumption that the end faces of the crystal are thermally insulated. The diffraction losses arising from thermally induced spherical aberration have been estimated by the Strehl intensity ratio. The present results for the optimum mode-to-pump ratio are markedly different from previous analyses in which thermal effects are neglected. Here, the optimum mode-to-pump ratio is a decreasing function of input pump power, and is less than unity in the case of a slightly high pump power. The practical example of a Nd:YAG laser pumped by a 13-W fiber-coupled laser diode is considered to confirm our physical analysis     

超连续谱激光光束质量评价及提升方法

针对超连续谱的光束特性,分析了各种光束质量评价方法对超连续谱激光器输出光束质量评价的适用性,并综合各个评价方法的优缺点,找到一种最适合超连续谱光束质量的评价方法。要提高超连续谱激光光束质量,可以从两方面入手：一种是将光束的强度调整成为近高斯分布,另一种方法是补偿光束波前像差。对强度的补偿方法为增益导引效应,对波前像差的补偿方法有相位共轭镜、可变形镜等技术。利用球差校正板对球差进行补偿,也可以提高光束质量。     

波前像差对超短飞秒激光脉冲聚焦特性的影响

为了研究波前像差对超短飞秒激光脉冲聚焦特性的影响, 基于瑞利-索末菲标量衍射理论, 对比研究了在散焦、像散、慧差、三叶形像差以及球差等各类波前像差下, 均匀强度分布和高斯强度分布的超短飞秒激光脉冲的聚焦特性。结果表明, 波前像差对均匀强度分布的飞秒脉冲在焦平面处的光强分布具有明显的不利影响, 从而降低飞秒脉冲的聚焦峰值功率, 而对高斯强度分布的飞秒脉冲影响相对较小, 即在高斯强度分布下, 在焦平面处仍然有可能获得较好的、近衍射极限的聚焦光斑; 在非焦平面处, 即使初始脉冲具有高斯强度分布, 非焦平面处的光强分布受各类波前像差的影响也较为明显; 对于所研究的30fs(1/e2半宽度)超短脉冲, 波前像差对脉冲持续时间的影响几乎可以忽略。此研究结果对超短飞秒激光束的光束质量评估及聚焦特性分析具有实际的指导意义。     

High-efficiency two lens laser diode to single-mode fiber couplerwith a silicon plano convex lens

A theory for the calculation of the spherical aberration loss of silicon planoconvex lenses is presented. The aberration losses are calculated as a function of the lens parameters. Furthermore, a theory for the coupling efficiency of a laser diode to single-mode fiber for a coupling arrangement consisting of a silicon planoconvex lens and a glass ball lens is given. The theoretical predictions are in good agreement with measurements. Experimentally, a coupling efficiency of 72% (1.4-dB coupling loss) was achieved for a laser diode with farfield angles of 20°×33° FWHM and a not yet fully optimized silicon planoconvex lens     

湍流大气对无线光通信影响分析及解决方案

分析了湍流大气光传输特性,讨论了光信号闪烁对宽带光无线通信误码率的影响及解决方案。从湍流大气的经典功率谱模型与修正功率谱模型出发,分析了Rytov指数与光场波长的变化关系,讨论了其对传输光场强度起伏的影响,以及分别在球面波与平面波时的差异。从实验上模拟考察了湍流大气对宽带光通信的影响,提出了一种新的从光链路上矫正波前畸变、减弱信号闪烁进而降低通信系统误码率的技术方案。该方案基于遗传算法和无模型盲优化的方式,以Zernike多项式系数为向量,对波前畸变进行编码,根据畸变波前的Zernike多项式的系数实现波前重构。其特点是没有预先测量波前相位畸变信息,而是采用施特列耳比作为遗传算法的适应度评判标准,通过优化达到最佳的波前畸变补偿效果。分析结果表明,该方案对中等强度以下的湍流大气光传输具有明显改善效果。     

用平凸透镜制作大口径光栅的像差分析

分析使用两个对称的单平凸透镜光路制作光栅并用MATLAB编写光线追迹程序分析了所制作的光栅的衍射波像差的特点,经计算得出在较小焦比D/F情况下其衍射波像差仅与两支光路点光源的调节偏差之差有关与单独的各个偏差无关;初级像差中球差很小几乎可忽略:彗差仅与垂轴调节偏差之差成线性关系;像散仅与轴向调节偏差之差成正比;且当平凸透镜的焦比D/F增大时,各像差项迅速增大.点光源调节偏差一致时的衍射波像差随着系统的焦比D/F增大而迅速增大,并分析了当透镜的焦比D/F一定时,透镜的焦距与所制作的光栅的空间频率对衍射波像差的影响.     

Microcollimated laser diode with low wavefront aberration

A microcollimated laser diode (MCLD) utilizing a 1-mm short focal length, φ0.5-mm small diameter micro Fresnel lens (MFL) as the collimating lens is discussed. The MCLD is assembled with a 780-nm quantum-well laser diode dice and an MFL in the smallest commercially available laser package. The radiated laser beam from the MCLD has a power of higher than 2 mW at 50 mA driving current, a φ2 mm beam diameter with a nearly Gaussian intensity profile, and a low wavefront aberration of less than λ/14 (RMS value) measured at a 1-m distance     

半导体激光器线阵光束扭转对称化的实验研究

利用双焦望远系统和扭转柱透镜系统实现了半导体激光器线阵(LD-bar)的扭转对称化，对称化后的光束在x和y两个方向的光束宽度、发散角和光束参量积接近相等，极大地改善了半导体激光器线阵光束的不对称性和像散特性，进行了以上变换的理论分析和实验研究。作为应用实例．用对称变换后的光束进行了抽运固体激光器的实验，激光器基模输出的效率比用不变换前的光束有明显提高。     

1.0 dB low-loss coupling of laser diode to single-mode fibre using a planoconvex graded-index rod lens

Marked low-loss coupling between a laser diode and a single-mode fibre has been realised, utilising a planoconvex, high-numerical-aperture graded-index rod lens with greatly improved small wavefront aberration.     

聚焦光束稳态热晕补偿实验

进行了聚焦光束稳态热晕效应及自适应光学补偿的室内模拟实验观测，获得了在不同热畸变参数情况下，自适应光学系统开闭环时光束远场Strehl比和信标光波前方差的测量结果。测量结果表明自适应光学对聚焦光束整束热晕的补偿效果是显著的。在热畸变参数Nd大于170时，校正剩余波前大差呈非线性增长。在热畸变参数N_d与光束菲涅耳数N_f的比值大于1时，校正后的远场光斑峰值强度随入射功率的增加开始呈下降趋势。     

A genetic algorithm used in a 61-element adaptive optical system

To correct the phase aberrations in a wave-front, a wavefront sensorless adaptive optical (AO) system is set up. A real-number encoding Gaussian mutation genetic algorithm (GA) that is adopted to control a 61-element deformable mirror (DM) is presented. This GA uses the light intensity behind a pinhole on the focal plane as the objective function to optimize, and therefore to omit the procedure of measuring the phase aberrations in the laser wavefront by a wavefront sensor. Phase aberrations generated by the DM are brought to an ideal incident wavefront. Several correction simulations have been accomplished. The simulation results show that the genetic algorithm is capable of finding the optimum DM shape to correct the phase aberrations. After the phase aberrations of the wavefront have been corrected by GA, the peak light intensity on the focal plane can be improved at most by a factor of 30, and the encircled energy Strehl ratio can be increased ultimately to 0.96 from 0.032. It is also found that the convergence and stability of the 61 voltages on the DM is quite well. The simulation results prove that the genetic algorithm can be used in AO systems effectively.     

内光路中大气吸收对远场光束质量的影响

采用桶中功率、β参数、像散参数、Strehl比和光束重心位置等参数描述远场光束质量,研究了在内光路中进行气体吸收对远场激光光束质量的影响,并与内光路中有横向吹风存在情况作了比较.用自编四维仿真程序进行了数值计算和物理分析.研究表明,随着吸收系数的减小或风速的增大,远场光束的峰值光强明显增强,可聚焦能力大大提高.但横向吹风会引起像散.     

二极管象散光束端面泵浦Nd:YAG激光器

研究了用象散二极管激光光束端面泵浦的TEM0m,TEMn0多模Nd:YAG激光器。文中报导了不同泵浦功率下的激光模式情况和稳定性情况,最大CW输出功率320mW,斜效率28%,最高稳定CW输出功率232mW,斜效率20%,为进一步研究二极管泵浦的列阵器件奠定了基础。     

大通光孔径气动窗口光学特性研究

实验研究了引射式大通光孔径气动窗口光学特性。由哈特曼激光光束诊断仪采集的数据给出了激光束通过气动窗口后的Strehl比,波像差,Zernike多项式各系数。从这些光学特性参数可以分析引射气压、气动窗口结构对通光光束质量的影响。研究表明随引射气压增加使通光光束发散,这和环形喷嘴喷出的气流形成的轴向气体密度分布的梯度变大有关。非均匀分布的抽口使波阵面偏斜,这会使光束漂移。     

New Fiber Optic Analog Baseband Transmission Plan for Color TV Signals

A new fiber optic baseband analog transmission plan is proposed. It arranges the original signal into a pulse train for driving the laser diode to generate baseband components at the transmitter. The receiver can be just the same as those used in conventional direct linear intensity modulation systems using light emitting diodes (LED). Advantages of this new plan are (i) potentially cheap fibers can be used, since the plan requires neither an extra wide bandwidth nor special light acceptance conditions, (ii) long repeater spacings can be attained, since abundant light can be coupled into fibers using laser diodes and also the simple structures required for fibers are suitable for realizing low transmission losses, and (iii) the transmitter and receiver can be quite simple. Some candidate pulse arranging plans for generating baseband components are investigated. A pulse frequency arranging plan and pulse width arranging plan seem to be promising for efficient picture transmissions. An experiment using pulse frequency arrangement proves the theory developed here to attain a color TV transmission using a 10 km long step index low-loss fiber for a signal to noise ratio of 44 dB. Future improvements are expected by redesigning the transmitter and receiver and also by improving the mode stability of laser diodes.     

An integrated equivalent circuit model for relative intensity noise and frequency noise spectrum of a multimode semiconductor laser

Relative intensity noise (RIN) and the frequency/phase noise spectrum (FNS) equivalent circuit of a multimode semiconductor laser diode are derived from multimode rate equations with the inclusion of noise Langevin sources. FNS is an important parameter in optical communication systems, and its circuit model is presented, for the first time, in this paper. Both circuit models for RIN and FNS are integrated in one circuit. RIN and FNS are calculated as functions of frequency, output power, and mode number. It is shown that the RIN of the main mode is increased in the multimode lasers with higher mode numbers. Furthermore, we show that RIN and FNS are enhanced for higher output power. The dependency of a multimode laser diode linewidth on output power is also analyzed using the model.     

波前像差引导准分子激光角膜消融的研究及实现

波前像差引导的准分子激光角膜消融是屈光手术的新方法 ,本文研究目的用像差来引导屈光手术 ,使人眼的视力能够达到 2 0 / 10以上 ,并避免当前PRK、LASIK屈光手术前后像差增大而引起的对视觉质量的影响。分析人眼像差的概念和产生的原因 ,并用Zernike多项式表示 ,理论上定量地分析了Zernike多项式表示的波前像差与角膜切削深度的关系 ,研究了准分子激光切削角膜的机理 ,给出了准分子激光人眼像差矫正系统的原理框图 ,达到了矫正人眼像差的目的。