Preparation of silver nanoparticles dispersed in polyacrylonitrile nanofiber film spun by electrospinning

Ag nanoparticles dispersed in polyacrylonitrile (PAN) nanofiber film spun by electrospinning were in situ prepared by reduction of silver ions in N₂H₅OH aqueous solution. The Ag/PAN nanocomposite film was characterized by UV absorption spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectroscopy. UV spectrum and TEM image show that silver nanoparticles with average diameter of 10 nm were obtained and dispersed homogeneously in PAN nanofibers. SERS spectrum indicates that the structure of PAN has been changed after Ag nanoparticles are dispersed in PAN.     

TiO2复合薄膜光生亲水及防结雾性能研究

利用中频交流磁控溅射技术制备了TiO2薄膜、Ag/TiO2复合薄膜和TiO2:MoO3复合薄膜,研究了TiO2薄膜的光生亲水性和防结雾特性,讨论Ag及MoO3对TiO2薄膜光生亲水性的影响.发现:制备的TiO2薄膜有良好的光生亲水性和防结雾效果,同时薄膜越厚其光生亲水性越明显.800 nm的TiO2薄膜在TUV辐照3 min后其接触角可下降至2°以下.Ag/TiO2复合薄膜是一种接触角在较大范围内可变的薄膜材料,紫外辐射可使其接触角在120°到0°间调节.而TiO2:MoO3复合薄膜的光生亲水性则远比TiO2薄膜差.     

Ag~+/TiO_2-ZnO纳米复合薄膜的制备及双亲性能

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了TiO2薄膜、TiO2-ZnO纳米薄膜和Ag+/TiO2-ZnO纳米薄膜。通过X射线衍射和原子力显微镜表征了样品的晶相、晶粒尺寸和形貌。以水(H2O)作为极性溶液参照物、苯(C6H6)作为非极性溶液参照物,研究了掺杂量、煅烧温度、表面处理对薄膜光致双亲性的影响。结果表明:在ZnO/TiO2复合薄膜中,适量掺杂Ag+会提高其双亲性,摩尔比为1%时最佳。煅烧温度的不同能够导致薄膜的晶粒粒径、晶型及薄膜表面的粗糙度发生变化,从而影响薄膜的双亲性能。煅烧温度为550℃、经酸溶液或热处理后Ag+/TiO2-ZnO纳米薄膜的双亲性最佳,其晶粒粒径约为21.1nm。此时,亲水角和亲油角分别为2°和0.5°。Ag+/TiO2-ZnO纳米薄膜的双亲性明显高于纯TiO2和TiO2-ZnO纳米薄膜。     

Direct writing of metal nanoparticle films inside sealed microfluidic channels

Herein we demonstrate the ability to pattern Ag nanoparticle films of arbitrary geometry inside sealed PDMS/TiO2/glass microfluidic devices. The technique can be employed with aqueous solutions at room temperature under mild conditions. A 6 nm TiO2 film is first deposited onto a planar Pyrex or silica substrate, which is subsequently bonded to a PDMS mold. UV light is then exposed through the device to reduce Ag+ from an aqueous solution to create a monolayer-thick film of Ag nanoparticles. We demonstrate that this on-chip deposition method can be exploited in a parallel fashion to synthesize nanoparticles of varying size by independently controlling the solution conditions in each microchannel in which the film is formed. The film morphology was checked by atomic force microscopy, and the results showed that the size of the nanoparticles was sensitive to solution pH. Additionally, we illustrate the ability to biofunctionalize these films with ligands for protein capture. The results indicated that this could be done with good discrimination between addressed locations and background. The technique appears to be quite general, and films of Pd, Cu, and Au could also be patterned.     

Ag/TiO2薄膜结构和光催化性能研究

采用溶胶-凝胶技术制备了Ag掺杂的TiO2薄膜.用XRD、氮吸附法、UV-VIS-NIR分光光度计以及XPS对Ag掺杂后TiO2薄膜结构的变化进行了分析;用分光光学法通过在紫外光照下分解亚甲基蓝的实验比较了TiO2薄膜与Ag/TiO2薄膜的光催化性能.结果发现,掺杂适量的Ag有助于TiO2薄膜光催化氧化性能的提高,原因在于:（1）Ag通过引入耗尽层提高了TiO2的电荷分离能力,并吸引空穴向薄膜表面移动,结果使薄膜表面空穴的浓度提高,薄膜光催化效率提高;（2）Ag减小了TiO2粒子的粒径,使TiO2禁带宽度增大,薄膜光催化氧化的能力提高;（3）Ag掺杂后,TiO2薄膜表面对-OH基和水的吸附增加,使光照后TiO2薄膜表面活性自由基·OH的浓度增加,空穴向薄膜所吸附物质的转移能力提高.     

Photocatalytic activity of nanosized TiO2 thin film prepared by magnetron sputtering method

Nanosized TiO2 thin film on the substrate such as stainless steel plate and slide glass film were prepared by magnetron sputtering method, and these TiO2 thin films were characterized by field emission-scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). Photocatalytic activity for Methyl-ethyl-ketone (MEK) and acetaldehyde were measured using a closed circulating reaction system through the various ultra violet (UV) sources. From the results of SEM images, nanosized TiO2 thin film was uniformly coated on slide glass, ranging from 360 nm to 370 nm. Photocatalytic activity of MEK over TiO2 thin film on stainless steel plate did not occur by UV-A irradiation, but was efficiently decomposed by UV-B and UV-C. Also, acetaldehyde could be decomposed than MEK. The effect of sputtering conditions on their structure and photocatalytic activities were investigated in detail.     

Synthesis of Ag-TiO2 composite nano thin film for antimicrobial application

TiO2 photocatalysts have been found to kill cancer cells, bacteria and viruses under mild UV illumination, which offers numerous potential applications. On the other hand, Ag has long been proved as a good antibacterial material as well. The advantage of Ag-TiO2 nanocomposite is to expand the nanomaterial's antibacterial function to a broader range of working conditions. In this study neat TiO2 and Ag-TiO2 composite nanofilms were successfully prepared on silicon wafer via the sol-gel method by the spin-coating technique. The as-prepared composite Ag-TiO2 and TiO2 films with different silver content were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), x-ray diffraction (XRD) and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) to determine the topologies, microstructures and chemical compositions, respectively. It was found that the silver nanoparticles were uniformly distributed and strongly attached to the mesoporous TiO2 matrix. The morphology of the composite film could be controlled by simply tuning the molar ratio of the silver nitrate aqueous solution. XPS results confirmed that the Ag was in the Ag(0) state. The antimicrobial effect of the synthesized nanofilms was carried out against gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli ATCC 29425) by using an 8 W UV lamp with a constant relative intensity of 0.6 mW cm(-2) and in the dark respectively. The synthesized Ag-TiO2 thin films showed enhanced bactericidal activities compared to the neat TiO2 nanofilm both in the dark and under UV illumination.     

In situ Raman monitoring of competitive adsorption of Ag and Au nanoparticles onto a poly(4-vinyl pyridine) surface

The competitive adsorption of citrate-capped Ag and Au nanoparticles (~25 nm in diameter) onto a poly(4-vinyl pyridine) (P4VP) surface has been investigated by means of Raman scattering spectroscopy. The P4VP film prepared on a glass slide was too thin for its normal Raman spectrum to be observed, but the Raman peaks of P4VP could be detected upon the adsorption of Ag and/or Au nanoparticles onto the film, due to the surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) effect associated with the localized surface plasmon of Ag and/or Au nanoparticles. Neither quartz crystal microbalance nor atomic force microscopy (AFM) nor scanning electron microscopy (SEM) methodologies can distinguish between Ag and Au nanoparticles during their adsorption onto P4VP, but it is possible through Raman scattering spectroscopy because Ag (though not Au) nanoaggregates are SERS active at 514.5 nm excitation, while both Ag and Au nanoaggregates are SERS active at 632.8 nm excitation. Coupled with the AFM data, we were thus able to infer that about 120 Ag nanoparticles per 1 μm(2) were adsorbed, along with 60 Au nanoparticles per 1 μm(2), onto the P4VP film over a period of 1.5 h from a 1 : 1 mixture of Ag and Au sols at 1.6 nM each.     

The effect of substrate temperature on the spray-deposited TiO2 nanostructured films for dye-sensitized solar cells

The nanostructured TiO2 films have deposited on SnO2:F (FTO) coated glass substrate by spray pyrolysis technique at different substrate temperatures of 200-500 degrees C. The structural, surface morphological and optical properties of TiO2 films significantly vary with the substrate temperature. The surface of the TiO2 films deposited at 400 degrees C shows the nanoflakes and short nanorods (approximately 130 nm) like structures while the TiO2 films prepared at 500 degrees C shows only the nanoflakes like structures. The band gap of the TiO2 films prepared at higher temperatures (300-500 degrees C) becomes narrow due to presence the rutile phases in their crystal structure. Ruthenium (II) complex as a dye, KI/I2 as an electrolyte and carbon on FTO glass as a counter electrode has used to fabricate the dye-sensitized solar cell (DSC). The TiO2 film deposited at 400 degrees C has showed the best photovoltaic performance in DSC with the efficiency of 3.81%, the photovoltage of 773 mV, the photocurrent of 8.34 mA/cm2, and the fill factor of 56.17%. The photovoltage of the DSC increases with the increase of substrate temperature during the deposition of TiO2 films. Moreover, all the DSCs exhibit reasonably high fill factor value.     

Large-scale homogeneously distributed Ag-NPs with sub-10 nm gaps assembled on a two-layered honeycomb-like TiO(2) film as sensitive and reproducible SERS substrates

We present a surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrate featured by large-scale homogeneously distributed Ag nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) with sub-10?nm gaps assembled on a two-layered honeycomb-like TiO(2) film. The two-layered honeycomb-like TiO(2) film was achieved by a two-step anodization of pure Ti foil, with its upper layer consisting of hexagonally arranged shallow nano-bowls of 160?nm in diameter, and the lower layer consisting of arrays of about fifty vertically aligned sub-20?nm diameter nanopores. The shallow nano-bowls in the upper layer divide the whole TiO(2) film into regularly arranged arrays of uniform hexagonal nano-cells, leading to a similar distribution pattern for the ion-sputtered Ag-NPs in each nano-cell. The lower layer with sub-20?nm diameter nanopores prevents the aggregation of the sputtered Ag-NPs, so that the Ag-NPs can get much closer with gaps in the sub-10?nm range. Therefore, large-scale high-density and quasi-ordered sub-10?nm gaps between the adjacent Ag-NPs were achieved, which ensures homogeneously distributed 'hot spots' over a large area for the SERS effect. Moreover, the honeycomb-like structure can also facilitate the capture of target analyte molecules. As expected, the SERS substrate exhibits an excellent SERS effect with high sensitivity and reproducibility. As an example, the SERS substrate was utilized to detect polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs, a kind of persistent organic pollutants as global environmental hazard) such as 3,3',4,4'-pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB-77) with concentrations down to 10(-9)?M. Therefore the large-scale Ag-NPs with sub-10?nm gaps assembled on the two-layered honeycomb-like TiO (2) film have potentials in SERS-based rapid trace detection of PCBs.     

Silver nanowire layer-by-layer films as substrates for surface-enhanced Raman scattering

In this paper, the fabrication of highly stable, surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) active dendrimer/silver nanowire layer-by-layer (LBL) films is reported. Ag nanowires, approximately 100 nm in diameter, were produced in solution and transferred, using the LBL technique, onto a single fifth-generation DAB-Am dendrimer layer on a glass substrate. The Ag nanowires, and the resulting LBL films were characterized using UV-visible surface plasmon absorbance, while the LBL films were further characterized by atomic force microscopy measurements and surface-enhanced Raman and resonance Raman scattering of several analytes. The dendrimer was found to effectively immobilize the Ag nanowires with increased control over spacing and aggregation of the particles. These films are shown to be excellent substrates for SERS/SERRS measurements, demonstrating significant enhancement, and trace detection capability. Several trial analytes were tested using a variety of excitation energies, and results confirmed effective enhancement of Raman signals throughout the visible range (442-785 nm) with different molecules. Analytes were deposited onto the enhancing Ag nanowire LBL films surface using both casting and Langmuir-Blodgett monolayer transferring techniques.     

膜层厚度对Ag/TiO膜透光隔热性能的影响

采用磁控溅射工艺制备了玻璃基Ag/TiO_2膜,并研究了膜层厚度对其透光隔热性能的影响。结果表明:当Ag膜厚度由6.7 nm增加到9.5 nm时,红外光的平均透过率由42.06%减小到7.70%,隔热温差由1.9℃增大到5.7℃,而可见光的平均透过率则呈现出先增加后减少的变化趋势,当Ag膜厚度为7.7 nm时,复合膜的可见光平均透过率达最大值,为70.85%;当Ti O_2膜厚度由4.1 nm增加到16.7 nm时,红外光的平均透过率由34.12%增大到38.28%,而可见光的平均透过率与隔热温差均呈现出先增大后减少的变化趋势,当Ti O_2膜厚度为10.4 nm时,复合膜的可见光平均透过率达最大值,为70.85%,而厚度为13.6 nm时,膜的隔热温差达最大值,为5.2℃。     

Study of optoelectronics and microstructures on the AZO/nano-layer metals/AZO sandwich structures

In this study, growth nano-layer metals (Al, Cu, Ag) and Al-doped ZnO (AZO) thin films are deposited on glass substrates as the transparent conducting oxides (TCOs) to form AZO/nano-layer metals/AZO sandwich structures. The conductivity properties of thin films are enhanced when the average transmittance over the wavelengths 400–800 nm is maintained at higher than 80 %. A radio frequency magnetron sputtering system is used to deposit the metal layers and AZO thin films of different thickness, to form AZO/Al/AZO (ALA), AZO/Cu/AZO (ACA) and AZO/Ag/AZO (AGA) structures. X-ray diffraction and field emission scanning electron microscopy are used to analyze the crystal orientation and structural characteristic. The optical transmission and resistivity are measured by UV–VIS–NIR spectroscopy and Hall effect measurement system, respectively. The results show that when the Ag thickness is maintained at approximately 9 nm, the TCOs thin film has the lowest resistivity of 8.9 × 10^?5 Ω-cm and the highest average transmittance of 81 % over the wavelengths 400–800 nm. The crystalline Ag nano-crystal structures are observed by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. In addition, the best figure of merit for the AZO/Ag/AZO tri-layer film is 2.7 × 10^?2 (Ω^?1), which is much larger than that for other structures.     

平整二钛酸钾薄膜的制备及其气相光催化活性

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了K2Ti2O5薄膜并进行表征;在K2Ti2O5薄膜表面上形成致密的十八烷基三氯硅烷(C18H37SiCl3,OTS)单层自组装膜(SAMs);用OTS SAMs 水接触角变化研究薄膜的气相光催化活性;测量了薄膜的光电流响应.研究发现:K2Ti2O5薄膜表面平整、均匀、致密、在玻璃基片上透明;在紫外和可见光区都有光吸收;K2Ti2O5薄膜上OTS SAMs在空气中用254nm的紫外光照射时降解速度比在TiO2薄膜上快;K2Ti2O5薄膜产生阳极光电流,比TiO2薄膜具有更强的光激发和更稳定的光电流响应.结果表明,K2Ti2O5薄膜在空气中用紫外光照射能很有效的分解OTS SAMs,是一种很好的治理气相有机污染物的光催化剂.     

Controlling the crystallinity and roughness of atomic layer deposited titanium dioxide films

The surface roughness of thin films is an important parameter related to the sticking behaviour of surfaces in the manufacturing of microelectomechanical systems (MEMS). In this work, TiO2 films made by atomic layer deposition (ALD) with the TiCl4-H2O process were characterized for their growth, roughness and crystallinity as function of deposition temperature (110-300 degrees C), film thickness (up to approximately 100 nm) and substrate (thermal SiO2, RCA-cleaned Si, Al2O3). TiO2 films got rougher with increasing film thickness and to some extent with increasing deposition temperature. The substrate drastically influenced the crystallization behaviour of the film: for films of about 20 nm thickness, on thermal SiO2 and RCA-cleaned Si, anatase TiO2 crystal diameter was about 40 nm, while on Al2O3 surface the diameter was about a micrometer. The roughness could be controlled from 0.2 nm up to several nanometers, which makes the TiO2 films candidates for adhesion engineering in MEMS.     

射频磁控共溅射制备光催化Ag-TiO2薄膜

采用射频磁控共溅射法制备Ag-TiO2复合薄膜,通过控制Ag靶的溅射时间可调节Ag与TiO2的比例.所制备的Ag-TiO2薄膜为锐钛矿结构.通过紫外光照降解亚甲基蓝溶液和循环伏安法研究Ag-TiO2薄膜光催化及光电化学特性.实验结果表明:掺1.5% Ag的Ag-TiO2薄膜在紫外光照射下能增强亚甲基蓝溶液的降解并得到更大的光生电流.这种光催化的增强主要是由于光生电子-空穴对的复合被抑制的结果.     

柱状晶形貌TiO2膜厚对FTO/TiO2镀膜玻璃光催化活性影响

采用溶胶凝胶法,在FTO(SnO2:F)低辐射镀膜玻璃衬底上制备了柱状晶体结构的TiO2薄膜,获得双层结构FTO/TiO2镀膜玻璃样品.研究了TiO2薄膜厚度对FTO/TiO2镀膜玻璃样品的光催化活性、低辐射性能以及透光性能的影响.结果表明,FTO/TiO2镀膜玻璃样品光催化活性随着TiO2薄膜厚度的增加先升高后下降,在TiO2薄膜厚度为300 nm时光催化活性最佳;低辐射性能随着TiO2薄膜厚度的增加而下降,但TiO2薄膜厚度为300 nm时仍然具备一定的低辐射性能;透光性能与TiO2薄膜膜厚的关系不大,可见光透射比保持在72%左右;表面平均粗糙度约为1 nm,表面光滑,不易沾染油污灰尘.该镀膜玻璃在保证低辐射建筑节能和透光的前提下,兼具光催化自清洁功能,具有很好的应用前景.     

SiO2／TiO2复合薄膜光催化性能的研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法和浸渍提拉法在玻璃表面镀制了SiO2/TiO2复合薄膜,以SEM,XPS,UV-Vis等手段对其进行了表征;通过对亚甲基蓝的降解反应,研究了SiO2/TiO2复合薄膜在紫外光下的光催化性能。结果表明:在玻璃片上预镀SiO2层使TiO2薄膜中的Na 和Mg2 含量明显降低,同时,有利于TiO2薄膜中晶粒的长大,提高了光催化性能。     

TiOx/Ag/TiOx multilayer for application as a transparent conductive electrode and heat mirror

Amorphous TiO_x films and Ag layer were deposited by electron-beam evaporation on soda-lime glass at room temperature. The details regarding the structure, surface morphology, and optical properties of the as-prepared TiO_x films were examined by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and ultra-violet (UV) -visible-near-infrared (NIR) spectrometry. The TiO_x films exhibit amorphous phase with an optical band gap of 3.35 eV. The polygrains oriented along the (111) and (200) directions in the Ag films were adopted to supply carriers into the TiO_x film and lower the sheet resistance of the stacked layer. The multilayer exhibited a sufficiently large Ag thickness (>15 nm), low resistance, high UV transmittance, visible transmittance, and high NIR reflection. Dependence of Ag thickness, TiO_x bottom-layer, and TiO_x overlayer on the optical and electrical properties of TiO_x/Ag/TiO_x were explored. A figure of merit (FOM) was used to find an optimal structure for a multilayer with superior conductivity and visible transparency. An FOM of 9.8 × 10^?2 (Ω^?1) at the visible wavelength of 550 nm for a TiO_x/Ag/TiO_x stacked layer with an 18-nm-thick Ag and a 20-nm-thick TiO_x was achieved. The TiO_x/Ag/TiO_x sample annealed at 500 °C 10 min also shows a good thermal stability.     

Photocatalytic and antibacterial properties of a TiO2/nylon-6 electrospun nanocomposite mat containing silver nanoparticles

Silver-impregnated TiO(2)/nylon-6 nanocomposite mats exhibit excellent characteristics as a filter media with good photocatalytic and antibacterial properties and durability for repeated use. Silver nanoparticles (NPs) were successfully embedded in electrospun TiO(2)/nylon-6 composite nanofibers through the photocatalytic reduction of silver nitrate solution under UV-light irradiation. TiO(2) NPs present in nylon-6 solution were able to cause the formation of a high aspect ratio spider-wave-like structure during electrospinning and facilitated the UV photoreduction of AgNO(3) to Ag. TEM images, UV-visible and XRD spectra confirmed that monodisperse Ag NPs (approximately 4 nm in size) were deposited selectively upon the TiO(2) NPs of the prepared nanocomposite mat. The antibacterial property of a TiO(2)/nylon-6 composite mat loaded with Ag NPs was tested against Escherichia coli, and the photoactive property was tested against methylene blue. All of the results showed that TiO(2)/nylon-6 nanocomposite mats loaded with Ag NPs are more effective than composite mats without Ag NPs. The prepared material has potential as an economically friendly photocatalyst and water filter media because it allows the NPs to be reused.