玉米红外吸收光谱试验研究

进行了两个品种、三种水分玉米的红外吸收光谱试验研究，比较了玉米品种和含水率对吸收红外光谱的影响，表明谷物品种差异对红外辐射的吸收影响甚小。同时进行了玉米表皮和内部胚乳红外吸收光谱特性试验，表明二者的红外吸收特性有其相似性，但存在着一定的差异。在对玉米红外辐射吸收特性研究的基础上，根据非匹配红外吸收原则确定了对干燥比较有利的红外光谱区域。     

堇青石的红外辐射特性

堇青石是一种硅酸盐矿物，因其具有优良的红外辐射特性、较高的热稳定性和化学稳定性等优点而成为一种重要的红外辐射材料。分析了改善堇青石材料红外性能的几个主要途径：适当减小原料的粒度、合理选择堇青石合成方法、在堇青石基质中添加适量过渡金属氧化物、选取适宜的堇青石烧结温度等。介绍了堇青石在红外辐射导电陶瓷、红外泡沫陶瓷、高温红外辐射涂料和常温红外辐射涂料中的应用，展示了堇青石作为红外材料的发展前景。     

红外辐射材料的研究进展及应用

概述了红外辐射材料的发展历程与现状，分析了红外辐射的基本原理，介绍了红外辐射材料在现实中的应用，展示了将来红外辐射材料的发展前景。     

红外光谱应用技术协作组举办专题报告会

2008年12月10日，红外光谱应用技术协作组在学会召开“红外光谱在聚合物分析中的应用”专题报告会，各高校、院所和产业界的红外同行54人参加了报告会，会议由协作组吴天明组长主持。     

红外影像的采集及检验

最早，人们发现在红外光区内，物质的红外影像与可见光的影像有很大的不同，将这种红外影像用专门的方法记录下来，有利于分辨不同物质的差异点，于是，就产生了红外检验技术，并被逐渐运用于司法、医学和军事等领域。     

OIL420A型红外分光测油仪测定水中矿物油

用红外分光法测定水中矿物油，考察了不同组成矿物在红外光谱中光谱信息的特点，避免了非分散红外法测定时“标准油”的选择问题。因此，采用红外分光法测定水中矿物油更具科学性。     

柯达红外胶片

在胶片制造中，对胶片乳剂进行特定的光谱增感，加入红外增感染料，使乳剂的光谱敏感达至红外光谱区，即为红外胶片。     

快速替换催化燃烧原理的红外气体传感器——英国科学家多年研制的新型产品

将红外气体传感器应用在现有的催化燃烧原理气体检测仪上，快速替换催化燃烧原理传感器，使气体检测设备厂家迅速得到换代升级产品，完成从催化燃烧原理到红外检测原理的转变，向用户提供高稳定性、抗干扰能力强、长寿命的红外检测原理高端产品。Premier型非色散红外传感器的推出将转变可燃性气体和二氧化碳检测的价值观念并整体提高检测水平。研发Premier传感器的实验室见图1。     

热压多晶用硫化锌研究

热压多晶硫化锌属于功能性陶瓷材料，对长波红外有良好的透过率。尤其在8—11．5μm波段的红外透过性能，在先进的军用红外焦平面阵列探测领域需求迫切，因而对硫化锌粉料有特殊的要求。介绍了硫化锌粉料的合成工艺、技术参数、物相分析及使用效果。     

均匀设计的红外发烟剂配方

将均匀设计方法应用于红外发烟剂配方的优化试验研究，减少了试验工作量，优选出的红外发烟剂形成的烟幕，对8～14μm波段的红外辐射衰减率达96．6％。在均匀设计中引入了回归分析，得出了发烟剂组分与烟幕衰减率之间的定性关系。这种方法为红外发烟剂的研制提供了一种快速、有效的新途径。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Novel polyurethane coating technology through glycidyl carbamate chemistry

Glycidyl carbamate chemistry combines the excellent properties of polyurethanes with the crosslinking chemistry of epoxy resins. Glycidyl carbamate functional oligomers were synthesized by the reaction of polyfunctional isocyanate oligomers and glycidol. The oligomers were formulated into coatings with several amine functional crosslinkers at varying stoichiometric ratios and cured at different temperatures. Properties such as solvent resistance, hardness, and impact resistance were dependent on the composition and cure conditions. Most coatings had an excellent combination of properties. Studies were carried out to determine the kinetics of the curing reaction of the glycidyl carbamate functional oligomers with multifunctional and model amines. Detailed kinetic analysis of the curing reactions was also undertaken. The results indicated that the glycidyl carbamate functional group is more reactive than a glycidyl ether group. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, on October 27–29, 2004, in Chicago, IL.