用喷雾热分解法制备Gd2O3-Y2O3-ZrO2电解质材料的性能

用喷雾热分解方法制备了2mol%Gd2O3-8YSZ的粉末,用激光粒度分析,X射线衍射(XRD),BET法和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)检测粉末和陶瓷体的性能和结构。结果表明,获得的粉末粒径为12.18μm,晶粒尺寸为100nm,比表面积为25.09m2/g。粉末和陶瓷体材为立方结构。陶瓷体的烧结密度大于98%理论密度。在操作的温度高于600℃下的电导率达2×10-3S/cm。证实Gd2O3-8YSZ材料完全适用于作中温固体氧化物燃料电池(SOFC)的电解质。     

喷雾干燥法制备PS-PVD用8YSZ纳米团聚粉末

目的 通过喷雾干燥法制备用于等离子喷涂-物理气相沉积法（Plasma Spray-Physical Vapor Deposition,PS-PVD）多相沉积柱状/致密涂层的ZrO2-8%Y2O3 (8YSZ)纳米团聚粉末。方法 采用平均粒度为20 nm的8YSZ纳米粉为原料并配制成浆料,球磨后通过喷雾干燥法制备出8YSZ的纳米团聚粉末,并研究不同含量粘结剂（NJ-3）对粉末的影响。利用TEM、SEM表征粉末及涂层的微观结构。通过XRD、激光粒度及拉伸试验对粉末及涂层性能进行表征。结果 纳米8YSZ粉末在添加适当种类及含量的分散剂、粘结剂并通过喷雾干燥加工后,成功制备出球形度高、粒度小且适用于气/液/固多相沉积的PS-PVD用喷涂粉末。当粘结剂含量低于8%时,粉末球形度低,表面存在明显坑孔。而当粘结剂含量高于12%时,PS-PVD气相沉积效率低,涂层质量差。当粘结剂含量为10%时,粉末球形度高,D90=12.24 μm,可气/液/固多相沉积制备形貌良好的柱状涂层及致密涂层。其中气相沉积所制备柱状涂层结合强度可达33 MPa,且原始粉末中的m-ZrO2完全转变为t-ZrO2。结论 当粘结剂含量为10%时,所制备粉末能够流畅送粉,并进行气/液/固多相沉积,且涂层质量最优。粘结剂在粉末内部分布均匀,并主要起粘结和支撑作用,同时可改善粉末表面形貌。喷雾干燥后粉末粒度随着粘结剂含量增加而增大,但非线性变化。     

8YSZ制粉工艺对热障涂层性能的影响

主要研究了喷雾干燥、等离子球化(中空粉)和熔炼破碎法制备的8%Y2O3-ZrO2(8YSZ)粉末的特性及采用等离子喷涂工艺获得的对应涂层的性能.分析发现,粉末的特性与涂层性能有密切关系,其中,采用熔炼破碎法制备8YSZ粉末所获得的等离子喷涂涂层具有孔隙率低、热导率较高的特点;而采用喷雾干燥法制备8YSZ粉末所获得的等离子涂层常温下的热导率最低,仅为0.96 W/(m·K).     

利用粉煤灰制备超细Al_2O_3技术研究

研究了一种利用粉煤灰制备超细Al2O3粉体的方法。采用酸浸法提取粉煤灰中的Al(OH)3,提取率达75%以上;采用溶胶-凝胶法将Al(OH)3制备成Al2O3超细粉体,最终得到纯度为99.01%,粒度在50nm左右,比表面积为262.3m2/g左右的超细氧化铝粉体。这种利用电厂粉煤灰采用酸法提取、溶胶-凝胶法制备超细Al2O3粉体的方法是一种高附加值综合利用粉煤灰的有效途径。     

燃烧合成高强韧Al2O3／YSZ共晶系复合管陶瓷内衬

基于燃烧合成理论，在铝热剂中添加ZrO2（4Y）粉末，采用离心技术制备出了高强度、高韧性的Al2O3／YSZ共晶系陶瓷内衬复合管，并研究了离心力、共晶成分对陶瓷内衬显微结构、力学性能及强韧化本质的影响。实验发现，在离心力大于200GPa条件下，熔体以远离平衡态下的共晶方式生长，形成以Al2O3为基体、具有共晶结构的棒晶组织；且存在于棒晶上的ZrO2四方相纤维直径己达到纳微米尺度，使陶瓷基体得以强化和韧化，从而保证Al2O3／YSZ共晶系陶瓷内衬复合管具有较高的综合力学性能。     

AACH热分解制备超细α-Al2O3粉末

以Al2(SO4)3与(NH4)2CO3为原料,采用液相沉淀法制备出前驱物碳酸铝铵(AACH),并煅烧得到超细Al2O3粉末。研究加料次序、pH值、加料方式以及表面活性剂等因素对反应产物的影响,同时分析前驱物AACH的高温相变过程。利用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、比表面积(BET)、热重/差示扫描法(DTA/TGA)等多种分析检测技术对粉体的性能进行表征。结果表明:只有将硫酸铝溶液雾化加入到碳酸铵溶液中,添加适量PEG1000作为分散剂,控制反应终点pH值为8以上,才能制备出粒度分布均匀、分散性能优异的前驱物AACH;而AACH的高温相变过程为:AACH→AlOOH→Al2O3(无定型)→-γAl2O3→-θAl2O3→α-Al2O3;合成的AACH于1 200℃煅烧2 h,能得到粒度分布均匀、形貌为球形且分散性良好的-αAl2O3粉体。     

Al2O3对YSZ电解质材料的制备及性能的影响

文研究了Al2O3掺杂YSZ料浆的流变性质,并采用水基注模凝胶法制备大尺寸薄片材料,对其微观组织进行分析,并对力学性能和电性能进行测试.结果表明,Al2O3的掺入大大降低了YSZ料浆的粘度,改善了YSZ料浆的可浇注性.另外,Al2O3与ZrO2在1600℃烧结不发生固溶反应,主要作为第二相分布在晶界和晶内.少量Al2O3的掺入不仅可以提高YSZ的抗弯强度和断裂韧性,而且可以提高YSZ的电导率.Al2O3含量为1%时,1000℃时电导率达到最大值0.15 S/cm.     

溶胶-凝胶复合料浆热压滤法制备Al2O3-ZrO2-Y2O3复合涂层

在Fe-18Cr-8Ni不锈钢表面涂覆由纳米α-Al2O3颗粒、微米ZrO2-8wt%Y2O3(YSZ)颗粒和Al(OH)3-Y(OH)3溶胶-凝胶(sol-gel)组成的复合料浆层,采用热压滤法制备Al2O3-ZrO2-Y2O3复合涂层.为了匹配陶瓷涂层和金属基体间的热膨胀系数,采用sol-gel法在两者之间施加一层ZrO2-8wt%Y2O3过渡层.SEM分析结果表明,获得的陶瓷涂层厚度大于30μm,无裂纹.XRD分析结果表明,该陶瓷涂层主要由t-Zr0.92Y0.08O1.96和α-Al2O3以及少量t-ZrO2和γ-Al2O3相组成.900℃高温氧化实验结果表明,Al2O3-ZrO2-Y2O3复合涂层能够有效提高Fe-18Cr-8Ni基体的抗高温氧化和抗剥落性能.     

纳米 Al2 O3 等离子喷涂涂层的制备及性能分析

目的对比研究微/纳米Al2O3等离子喷涂涂层的组织、力学及摩擦磨损行为。方法以纳米Al2O3粉末为原料,利用喷雾干燥法制备出粒径分布在35~75μm的喷涂喂料,采用等离子喷涂技术在20钢基体上制备纳米Al2O3涂层。采用商用微米Al2O3喂料,以相同的喷涂工艺制备出微米Al2O3涂层。对粉末、涂层的显微结构及涂层的磨损形貌进行表征,对比分析两种涂层的组织、力学性能和摩擦磨损行为。结果与微米Al2O3涂层相比,纳米Al2O3涂层粒子间结合更为致密,使得其结合强度和显微硬度得到大幅度提高。在载荷750 g,转速1000 r/min的条件下,微米Al2O3涂层的摩擦系数为0.41,而纳米Al2O3涂层仅为0.34,并且摩擦系数值的波动幅度更为稳定。在不同转速下,纳米Al2O3涂层的磨损率均降低明显。结论纳米Al2O3等离子喷涂涂层组织致密,表现出了较好的力学性能和耐磨性。     

Al2O3-Sm2O3-CeO2电解质的性能（英文）

采用溶胶-凝胶法和低温燃烧技术制备Ce1-xSmxO2（x=0,0.1,0.2,0.3）和掺杂Sm和（2%-8%）Al2O3的二氧化铈;研究其合成、结构、致密化、导电性和热膨胀等性能,并利用XRD研究其结构和相组成。结果表明,于1300°C烧结球团,获得致密的陶瓷,于1250°C在Ce0.8Sm0.2O0.2中加入2%和4%的Al2O3以促进烧结。利用扫描电子显微镜观察烧结后球团的表面形貌,使用双探针交流阻抗谱研究总离子电导率。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

THERMODYNAMICS STUDY ON THE DECOMPOSITION OF CHROMITE WITH KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

INFLUENCE OF HEAT TREATMENT ON DAMPING BEHAVIOUR OF THE MAGNESIUM WROUGHT ALLOY AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.