提高工矿企业供用电系统运行经济效益的思考

加强用电企业用电管理,既是贯彻落实国家节能减排政策的具体体现,又是降低企业生产成本,增强企业市场竞争力,增强企业创利能力的有效措施。本文介绍了科学选择企业供电电压等级和主变压器容量的方法,探讨了企业加强节电技术和用电管理的措施,目的是与同行共同探讨提高工矿企业供用电系统运行的经济效益。     

浅谈绿色照明在企业中的应用措施

本文介绍了绿色照明的基本内容及要求,从光源、灯具、附件的合理选择、照明灯具的控制方式等方面,分析提出了照明节能设计的应用措施,一套合理、高效、节能、环保的照明系统,不仅改善了工作环境,降低了能耗,提高了企业的经济效益,同时更好的实现了绿色节能照明。     

滇西北雪鸡坪铜矿区资源开发经济效益敏感性分析

滇西北雪鸡坪铜矿床产于印支晚期石英二长闪长玢岩-石英闪长玢岩-石英二长斑岩复式侵入体内,为经历了多阶段热液成矿作用的斑岩型铜矿床。综合前人从区域地质背景、矿床地质特征、含矿岩体地球化学及成岩成矿时代等多方面的研究发现,针对雪鸡坪铜矿区经济效益的研究相对不足。利用雪鸡坪铜矿区生产勘探的相关数据资料,对勘查区资源开发经济指标参数进行概略评价,并在此基础上采用敏感性模糊分析法探讨了影响矿区生产勘探经济效益的综合敏感性因素。结果表明:价格因素是影响矿区经济效益的综合敏感因素,其次是成本因素、投资因素和规模因素。同时,分析认为从目前圈定的主矿体KT1和KT2的资源储量看,勘查区域的资源开发具有良好的经济效益。     

Ore Pretreatment Methods for Grinding: Journey and Prospects

Pretreatment of ores to improve energy efficacy of grinding has been explored for decades. However, many of these techniques are still at developmental stages and a review has been presented in this paper to discuss the research journey and problems associated with commercialization of these techniques. This review reveals that a variety of stress-generating techniques have been used to treat the composition and morphology of particles to improve the grinding process. Grinding additives are used commercially successful technology while microwave pretreatment also has been successfully piloted. Newly developed techniques such as ultrasonics and electric disintegration have shown potential for success but the cost economics of these processes is still not as attractive as desired. Incipient techniques based on bio-milling, shock waves, and nuclear hold promise for the future. It is also expected that the technological advances around information technology, instrumentation, and energy science will help to solve techno-economic challenges associated with commercialization of the known technologies. Demand for energy-efficient grinding pretreatment methods will grow in the future considering the depletion of high-grade resources and stringent environmental constraints related to reject disposal.     

包钢选矿厂磨矿工艺流程的改进

本文通过对包钢选矿厂原磨矿分级作业状况的分析,认为该工艺存在流程长,设备配置多,能耗高,旋流器分级效率低的问题.经理论计算和现场试验,提出了改进方案并加以实施.主要改进有:对磨矿流程进行了改进,将原三段旋流器分级改为二段;重新修订磨矿分级作业工艺参数;工艺设备重新配置.改进后,在系列原矿处理能力与改进前基本相同的情况下,磨矿最终产品细度及稳定性改进前后相当,能耗大大降低,年创经济效益410万元以上.     

带过滤器中间包流场的数学物理模拟和应用

 为了研究过滤器通道对中间包内流场的影响,通过数学和物理模拟对不同控流方式的两流板坯连铸中间包的钢液流动及传热进行研究,分析了过滤器对中间包流场的影响。结果表明,原方案中间包采用湍流控制器＋挡墙、挡坝的控流方式,活塞区体积比例为26.33%,死区体积比例为17.94%;用过滤器代替挡坝后优化效果显著,钢液的实际平均停留时间由原来的243.68延长至262.50 s,死区体积比例由17.94%减小至9.11%,过滤器加入后出口处温度仅比原方案出口温度降低了2 ℃,且安装简单,成本低。现场试验发现,10个炉次后过滤器通道处共吸附夹杂物19 kg,这说明中间包钢液中夹杂物减少,有利于改善铸坯质量。     

地下井窿排水工程与露天矿床疏干

连平县泥竹塘铁矿根据露天采场的条件和工程需要,改传统的矿坑由排水为地下井窿排水,更有利于露天采场地下水位的降低和深凹采矿工作面的疏干,其基建费用和运用费用总额比传统抽排水费用大幅降低。     

介孔二氧化硅基复合相变材料研究进展

相变储能技术的发展对于促进新能源开发和提高能源利用效率具有非常重要的意义。相变材料由于具有高储能密度和小体积变化等优势引起了人们的广泛关注。然而，相变材料在固–液相转变过程中易发生液体泄漏而限制了其应用。因此，人们选择用多孔支撑材料来解决相变材料的泄露问题。介孔二氧化硅材料由于具有良好的物理化学稳定性、生物相容性、阻燃性能、低毒性、耐腐蚀性、尺寸可控、表面形貌可调和高比表面积等优点，其作为载体材料能综合提高相变复合物的各方面性能并拓宽相变储能材料的应用空间。对近年来国内外关于介孔二氧化硅载体的孔尺寸、孔结构和孔表面性质对相变材料结晶行为的影响等方面进行了综合分析，并对今后提高介孔二氧化硅相变材料储能效率的研究方法的前景做了展望。      

Implementing Observational Research Methods to Study Team Performance in Construction Management

The evolution of research in the area of construction engineering and management has moved toward the use of quantitative metrics and research methods for identifying and evaluating the impact of events or procedures on the construction process. While quantitative research methods can be very important for answering certain research questions, there are important reasons for adopting qualitative or mixed methodology studies to gain a better understanding of complex phenomena. This paper explores the use of observational studies and their potential use within the field of construction research. Observational studies can provide answers to “what” phenomena occurred, particularly when people are involved in a process, along with gaining insights into “why” the phenomena occurred. This paper discusses two types of observational studies, structured and unstructured, and provides a procedure for their implementation within construction research. To clearly demonstrate the methodology, a case study focused on the investigation of two different versions of an educational simulation application, the virtual construction simulator (VCS), is used to illustrate the benefits and challenges of implementing mixed methodology observational studies. The case study involved the video recording and analysis of interactions between student team members when using the VCS application for a construction sequencing task. The video recordings were analyzed, and important insights were identified, both qualitative and quantitative. Through content analysis, it was determined that the improvements made in a new version of the VCS application were beneficial, and the detailed observational studies identified insights into why the revisions in the application yielded improved results. This case study details the steps and considerations involved in planning an observational study, as well as the benefits and challenges that researchers may encounter when using observational research methodologies.     

5G超密集网络的能量效率研究综述

首先从绿色通信入手, 对网络能量效率的国内外研究现状进行了分析. 在此基础上, 对超密集网络的关键性能指标, 即能量效率的各种定义进行了梳理, 为建模奠定了基础. 其次, 讨论了网络能量效率建模和优化过程中经常使用的4种理论模型: 随机几何、博弈论、最优化理论和分数阶规划. 并综述了能效提升的技术, 包括高能效部署与规划、高能效基站休眠、高能效用户关联、高能效资源管理、高能效传输方式. 最后, 指出未来的可能的技术挑战: 网络能效理论与超密集网络体系架构、超密集小基站高能效覆盖机理、超密集网络的柔性资源匹配机理、移动用户群体行为建模与高能效服务方法. 通过研究超密集网络高能效覆盖机理和柔性资源匹配机理, 为未来无线通信网络建模和分析提供设计依据与技术支撑.      

国内及酒钢烧结余热发电系统分析研究

余热发电是当前提高二次能源利用率,节约能源的一项有效措施。本文主要研究分析国内烧结余热发电的现状,针对酒钢本部烧结机余热利用情况,提出余热利用的改进建议,有效提高酒钢烧结二次能源的综合利用率,最大程度的节约能源、降低企业生产成本,提升企业竞争力。     

Application of thermal spray and surface treatment techniques in hot-dip galvanizing line pot hardware

The failure of zinc pot hardware in continuous hot-dip galvanizing lines( CGLs) is due to zinc corrosion,abrasion,and dross build-up. Enhancing the life of pot hardware will not only upgrade the quality of the sheet products but also will increase the efficiency of CGLs,with decreasing cost and increasing energy savings. This paper introduces the current research and development for thermal spray coatings for pot rolls,sleeves,and bushings,and analyses the thermal spray and surface treatment technique details of dross adhesion prevention. It provides the potential applications and developing trends in thermal spray coatings and surface treatment techniques for pot hardware.     

加强节能管理实现降本增效

阐述中铝公司贵州分公司电解铝厂通过节能技术改造和技术创新,实现了降本增效,吨铝综合能耗逐年降低,由过去的6 7t标准煤降低到6 167t标准煤,使主要技术经济指标接近国际先进水平。     

Energy Variability and Produced Water: Two Challenges, One Synergistic Management Approach Using Pumped Hydroelectric Energy Storage

A number of compounding issues currently encourage a different management strategy of produced water from oil, gas, and coal bed methane. Environmental and economic constraints make it desirable to deploy water and energy resources efficiently and effectively to meet the demands of our populace while maintaining and supporting environmental resources. The following paper will outline one strategy to put some of the onshore produced water to beneficial uses. In this approach, the produced water is first cleaned and then used to supply water for pumped hydroelectric energy storage (PHS) to deploy electric energy on demand, and finally release that water back to the watershed or appropriate application. The primary purpose of this work is to suggest that produced water and PHS may complement each other. Additionally, it is suggested that revenue from energy storage can help provide for the cost of treatment of produced water. Once treated produced water could be put to additional uses with the potential to also bring in revenue.     

强化节能管理 提升企业管理水平

本文结合铜陵公司实际能源消耗情况，分析了目前作为企业管理工作重要组成部分的节能管理工作面临的压力和责任，认为节能管理是企业降低生产成本，提高效益的手段之一。同时，针对目前普遍存在的问题，提出了当前形势下必须强化节能管理，推进企业技术改造，努力降低能耗，提升企业经济效益。     

Study of Expansive Soils and Residential Foundations on Expansive Soils in Arizona

Construction on expansive soils is challenging and thus prone to some problems and litigation. The engineering community makes extensive use of local experience and empirical procedures to address these problems. Although there has been extensive study of expansive soils and foundations on expansive soils, data related to performance of residential structures are limited in general and limited in the Phoenix area, in particular. In this study, an overview of the Phoenix Valley, Arizona, geotechnical practice and foundation performance related to residential structures on expansive clays, was developed through surveys and interviews with geotechnical engineers, structural engineers, and homebuilders. Using data obtained from files of Phoenix area geotechnical firms and government agencies, the existing Natural Resource Conservation Service map showing expansive soil locations throughout the Phoenix region was updated through the use of correlation developed in this study relating expansion index to common soil index properties such as Atterberg limits and percent passing the No. 200 sieve. Files of forensic investigations linked to expansive soil regions were made available for this study by several geotechnical engineering firms, and Phoenix Valley areas where forensic investigations have been identified, were mapped for comparison to regions identified in the updated map as having expansive soils. Comparison of the forensic investigation map to the updated map of expansive clay locations revealed that most of the forensic investigations were in regions identified with clays labeled as high to moderately high expansion potential, with a few forensic investigations in regions of medium expansion potential. Finally, unsaturated flow analyses were conducted for an Arizona expansive clay profile for two very different landscaped conditions of well-irrigated turf and desert landscape. The results of the numerical analyses were consistent with the reported observations and modes of failure identified through the surveys and interviews conducted with engineering and homebuilder professionals, including the finding that site drainage was found to be extremely important to good foundation performance, regardless of the type of landscape selected.     

纳米材料在重金属及有机物废水处理中的应用

纳米材料比表面积大、表面自由能高等特性决定了其良好的吸附性能，将其作为吸附剂用于各类废水处理现已成为科研人员研究的重点。在查阅了大量国内外文献的基础上，对近些年来应用于废水处理方面的新兴纳米复合材料进行整理，着重介绍了碳纳米材料、纳米TiO2光催化材料、纳米复合滤膜等材料的制备方法，吸附-脱附特性及吸附机理等内容。对比传统吸附材料发现纳米吸附材料对废水的处理效果明显优于传统吸附材料，但在实际应用中仍面临着生产成本高、处理效果不稳定等难题。因此，开展纳米吸附材料的研发和吸附机理研究，为高效、低成本处理各类废水提供理论依据。     

凤凰山地区岩心钻探施工技术探讨

由于受构造的影响,凤凰山地区地层破碎强烈、结构松散且胶结性差,导致成孔、护壁难度较大.该区地层中存在多层厚度不等的硅质板岩和长石石英岩,硅质含量高,结构致密坚硬且研磨性弱,属于典型的坚硬“打滑”地层.同时,地层中还存在多层不稳定的碳质板岩,遇水松散,孔壁极不稳定,造成钻探施工难度大.通过多次的施工实践,采用套管护壁,合...     

Gravity and configurational energy induced microstructural changes in liquid phase sintering

Liquid phase sintered materials consist of interconnected crystalline grains in a homogeneous matrix phase that forms the liquid at high temperatures. The dihedral angle, grain size, and volume fraction of solid determine the energy of the system. Energy minimization is possible by the separation of phases due to density differences. This explains why some materials exhibit settling or distortion due to gravity during liquid phase sintering. Experiments performed with W-Ni-Fe heavy alloys are used to measure the microstructural changesvs position that occur in liquid phase sintering under normal gravity. The experimentally observed segregation is less than the calculated equilibrium seg-regation due to the retarding effect from the rigid solid skeleton formed during sintering. These re-sults improve our understanding of microstructure, mechanical properties, component shape, and dimensional stability benefits that may be realized from low gravity sintering. This paper is based on a presentation made in the symposium “Experimental Methods for Microgravity Materials Science Research” presented at the 1988 TMS-AIME Annual Meeting in Phoenix, Arizona, January 25-29, 1988, under the auspices of the ASM/MSD Thermo-dynamic Data Committee and the Material Processing Committee.     

我国钢铁工业能源经济效益分析

在建立起源经济效益和节能经济效益的概念和衡量的方法的基础上，用近年来我国钢铁企业的实际生产数据，研究了重点钢铁企业和地方骨干钢铁企业的能源成本率，能源利润率和成本利润率的变化情况。结果表明，尽管能源成本率的波动都不太大，但能源消耗所创造的利润逐年急剧下降，因而成本利润率也不断下降，而且地方骨干企业尤其。