缓蚀剂高滴点氧化石油蜡钡皂的研究

对氧化石油蜡钡皂的制备方法进行了研究,考察了氢氧化钡、硬脂酸、氧化聚乙烯蜡等原料的加入量、反应温度及反应时间对产物性能参数的影响,研制出一种滴点高、针入度小的氧化石油蜡钡皂.     

利用劣质植物油制取金属皂的研究

金属皂是一类重要的化工原料 ,其中钙皂和锌皂的应用最为广泛 ,该研究探讨了以劣质植物油为主要原料 ,制取钙皂和锌皂的工艺路线和参数 ,为油脂的综合利用提供了一条新途径。其中较优的工艺条件为 :皂化时 ,碱液分 3次加入 ,盐析 2次 ,皂化时间、温度、超碱量依次为 3h、95℃、5 % ,复分解反应温度为 95℃～10 0℃ ,制取钙皂和锌皂的超盐量分别为 10 %和 5 %。     

一步法制造羊毛脂钙皂

探索了一步法制造羊毛脂钙皂的工艺。通过红外光谱证实了反应产物为羊毛脂钙皂。实验表明 ,常压一步法羊毛脂皂化的反应速度很慢。选择正丙醇作为溶剂 ,反应 5h后的转化率为 73 2 %,可以达到常压一步法反应 8h所达到的转化率。压力法反应 6h后的转化率为 78%,可以达到常压一步法反应 12h所达到的转化率。压力法制造羊毛脂钙皂工艺 ,避免了两步法的污水排放问题 ,具有良好的工业生产前景。     

脂肪酸甲酯磺酸盐的性能测试及其在洗衣液中的应用

分别采用电位滴定法、Ross-Miles泡沫仪、改进的酸滴定法和浊度法测试了脂肪酸甲酯磺酸盐(MES)的水解稳定性、发泡稳泡性能、钙皂分散力及Krafft点,并测试了含MES的洗衣液的稳定性和去污性能。结果表明,储存温度为45 ℃时,MES在pH=4.5~9.0时是稳定的,当pH达到10.0时,α-磺基脂肪酸二钠盐(DS)质量分数明显增加,水解现象较明显;MES对钙皂的分散力为2.5 g钙皂/g MES,LAS对钙皂的分散力为0.34 g钙皂/g LAS;MES的Krafft点约为20.9 ℃;含MES的洗衣液配方产品具有很好的稳定性,去污性能能达到国标要求。     

浸蜡工艺对高钙镁钙质耐火材料抗水化性的影响

为了提高高钙镁钙质耐火材料的抗水化性能,以高纯烧结白云石砂和高纯镁砂为主要原料,制成φ36mm×36 mm的高钙镁钙质耐火材料试样,于1 600℃保温3 h煅烧后,采用不同的浸蜡工艺进行浸蜡处理,并采用自然存放法检测浸蜡试样的抗水化性能,以研究试样预热温度(分别为75、100、125、150、175和200℃)、预热时间(分别为0.5、1、2和3 h)、蜡液温度(分别为75、100、125、150、175和200℃)、浸蜡时间(分别为5 s、30 s、1 min、5 min、10 min、15 min)对试样抗水化性能的影响。结果表明:1)最佳浸蜡工艺是试样先在150℃预热1 h,然后在150℃蜡液中浸渍5 min;2)按最佳浸蜡工艺处理的试样,在自然环境中可保存半年以上。     

三种添加剂对复合植物蜡性能的影响

以聚乙烯蜡、软质微晶蜡和硬质微晶蜡为稳定剂,用量为0%~20%,添加到复合植物蜡中,测定其基本物理性能(针入度、滴点、运动粘度)的变化。实验结果表明,3种稳定剂加入量在0%~20%范围内:聚乙烯蜡对复合植物蜡的运动粘度和针入度的影响相对较小,变化比较平缓,当添加量为20%时,滴点增加了5℃;软质微晶蜡对复合植物蜡的运动粘度、针入度的影响较大,当添加量为20%时,运动粘度整体下降2.7mm2/s、针入度降了2.7 mm;硬质微晶蜡对复合植物蜡的运动粘度影响较小,而针入度、滴点的变化幅度较大,当添加量为20%时,针入度减小了3.2 mm,滴点提高了16℃,硬质微晶蜡能很大程度的提升复合植物蜡的硬度和滴点。     

杏鲍菇菌糠蛋白质的提取工艺研究

为了更好地利用杏鲍菇菌糠加工副产物,通过单因素实验法探讨料液比、氢氧化钠浓度、提取温度和提取时间对杏鲍菇菌糠蛋白质提取率的影响,采用正交实验法确定杏鲍菇菌糠蛋白质提取的最佳工艺条件。结果表明,各个因素对杏鲍菇菌糠蛋白质提取率的影响为料液比氢氧化钠浓度提取温度提取时间,在提取时间2. 5 h,提取温度50℃,料液比为1∶40,氢氧化钠浓度0. 7 g/100 mL的条件下杏鲍菇菌糠蛋白质碱法提取率达到最大值19. 84%。     

糠基乙基硫醚的新合成方法

糠基乙基硫醚一般以糠硫醇和卤代烷在甲醇作溶剂、 KI作催化剂下合成。本方法用水作溶剂，并在多次实验基础上选择了最佳工艺配比、反应温度和反应时间，产率提高到 80 1％，产品纯度达到 99％，并经元素分析、红外、核磁所确证。具体合成工艺如下： 　　NaOH 6 g， H2O 20 mL至全溶，加糠硫醇 11 4 g(0.1 mol)，升温至 50℃、搅拌 0 5 h，降温至 30℃，加氯乙烷 7 74 g(0.12 mol)和碘化钾 1 g(0.006 mol)并在 15 min内加完。 75℃回流至 pH=7(约 2 h)，得深红色透明液体，冷却，分液，有机相用无水氯化钙干燥，得产品，再经减…     

新型肥料缓释剂酰胺蜡的合成

以硬脂酸和二乙烯三胺为原料,通过加入添加剂利用催化合成反应制备了能够用于肥料表面作缓释剂的酰胺蜡。结果表明,最佳合成工艺条件为:n(硬脂酸)∶n(二乙烯三胺)=1.00∶1.05,反应温度140~150℃,反应时间2~3 h,催化剂质量分数0.5%,增硬剂的质量分数0.5%,抗氧剂的质量分数0.5%。在该工艺条件下产品的颜色为白色,酸值5.23 mg(KOH)/g,滴点78~82℃,针入度0.2 mm,胺值145.42 mg(KOH)/g。用户使用表明该产品可以替代国外同类产品,而且价格低于国外同类产品。     

丙烯酸酯合成工艺研究

对丙烯酸酯合成工艺的过程参数进行了优化测试,提出了合适的工艺操作参数,配料为:1 mol苯甲醇,1.05 mol~1.1 mol丙烯酸,10 g~11 g NaHSO4.H2O催化剂,200 g甲苯脱水剂;反应时间为1.5 h~2 h;反应温度115℃~122℃。收率大于89%。     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

ICP-MS法测定地球化学样品中As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量痕量元素的研究

建立了测定地球化学样品中包括As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量、痕量元素的ICP-MS方法。地化试样用HF-HNO3混酸分解后,以1 1 HNO3溶解干渣。由于制样不使用盐酸,避免了Cl对As、Cr、Ge、V的质谱干扰。用国家一级地球化学标准物质GBW 07309制备溶液优化仪器工作参数,并用于校准。方法测定限(6s)为:0.007~6.4μg/g,精密度(RSD%,n=12)为:29%~9.4%,经过国家一级地球化学标准物质的分析验证,结果与标准值吻合。方法已应用于国土资源调查的试样分析。