pH值对六方相磷酸铈纳米材料微观形貌和荧光发射性能的影响

以磷酸钠、硝酸铈为原料,P123表面活性剂为模板,采用水热法,通过调节溶液的pH值,来比较不同pH值对合成的六方相磷酸铈材料的微观形貌及其性能的影响,探讨了CePO4纳米材料的形成的机理.通过X射线衍射、透射电子显微镜、Fourier红外光谱和室温荧光光谱对样品进行表征,结果表明:当pH=9时,得到近似颗粒状的CePO4粉体,其平均粒径为20～30 nm,而随着pH值的减小,合成的六方相磷酸铈颗粒沿一维方向生长,当pH=1时,合成的六方相磷酸铈为一维纳米材料,其中纳米线的长径比为30～40:荧光发射强度随着pH值减小和纳米线的长径比增大而显著增强,从8247增大为93600.     

SrMoO4:Dy3+荧光粉的制备及发光性能（英文）

采用高温固相法合成了SrMoO4:Dy3+荧光粉。在紫外光(λ=353nm)激发下,该样品发射出Dy3+的特征光谱。用热分析仪、X射线粉末衍射和荧光光谱对样品的结构、性能等进行了研究,考察了Dy的掺杂量、不同助熔剂对样品的结构和性能的影响,并讨论Dy3+浓度猝灭机理。研究表明:合成过程中添加适量的复合助熔剂Li2CO3+H3BO3,并当Dy3+的掺杂量为4%(摩尔分数)时,样品的荧光强度最强。这也说明了能量从基质MoO42–传递到Dy3+是十分有效的。     

凝胶-燃烧法合成LiLa(MoO4)2:Dy3+黄色荧光粉

采用凝胶-燃烧法合成了LiLa(MoO4)2:Dy3+黄色荧光粉,借助XRD、FE-SEM、荧光光谱仪对样品的晶体结构、形貌、发光特性等进行了分析.结果表明:所得LiLa(MoO4)2:Dy3+样品为四方白钨矿型结构,平均粒径为500 nm左右;样品的发射光谱由位于486 nm较强的蓝光发射、574 nm很强的黄光发射和662 nm较弱的红光发射组成,CIE1931色坐标为(0.3848,0.4341),位于黄光区;Dy3+最佳掺杂量为x=0.025 mol;柠檬酸的最佳加入量为n(NO3-)/n(C6H8O7)=3.0;最佳点火温度为650℃.     

超声合成CePO_4:Tb/LaPO_4核/壳结构纳米棒

文章通过超声法辅助合成CePO4:Tb/LaPO4核/壳结构纳米棒,采用XRD、SEM、TEM及PL方法对样品进行了表征。结果表明:样品CePO4:Tb/LaPO4尺寸为25 nm×104 nm六方晶系纳米棒状的正磷酸盐,与尺寸为10×70 nm CePO4:Tb纳米棒相比较,CePO4:Tb/LaPO4的LaPO4壳的厚度约7 nm,EDS分析CePO4:Tb/LaPO4其原子的分布比较均匀,可知Ce3+,Tb3+离子已经掺杂入稀土磷酸镧晶格中。     

稀土铕、镨掺杂钛酸锌红色荧光粉的制备及其发光性能研究

利用溶胶-凝胶法(sol-gel)分别制备了稀土铕掺杂钛酸锌和镨掺杂钛酸锌粉体,通过X射线衍射仪(XRD)、傅里叶变换红外光谱仪(FT-IR)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)以及荧光分光光度计(PL)对样品的结构、形貌及发光性能进行了表征。结果表明,Eu3+掺杂钛酸锌呈六方相偏钛酸锌,而Pr3+掺杂钛酸锌呈现六方相偏钛酸锌和立方相正钛酸锌。荧光分析表明,Eu3+浓度在0~3.0%研究范围内,其发光强度随Eu3+浓度的增加先增强后降低,最大发光强度为1.5%;Pr3+浓度在0~0.5%研究范围内,其发光强度随Pr3+浓度的增加先增强后降低,最大发光强度为0.3%,且Eu3+掺杂钛酸锌的红光发射强度远比Pr3+大。研究表明铕掺杂钛酸锌荧光粉可作为一种潜在的白光LED用红色荧光粉。     

Ca6Sr4(Si2O7)3Cl2∶Dy3+荧光粉的制备及其荧光性能

采用高温固相法合成了系列单相全色Ca6Sr4(Si2O7)3Cl2∶Dy3+荧光粉.通过X射线粉末衍射、荧光光谱等对合成的荧光粉样品进行了表征,并系统地研究了烧结温度、Dy3+离子掺杂量以及添加不同电荷补偿剂(Li+、Na+、K+)对样品发光强度的影响.结果表明:该荧光粉能被350nm的近紫外光有效激发;当烧结温度为950℃、Dy3+的掺杂量为4％(摩尔分数),Na+作为电荷补偿剂时,样品的荧光强度最强.     

NaY(WO4)2:Dy3+荧光粉的制备及其上转换发光性能

利用水热法合成了NaY(WO4)2:Dy3+上转换荧光粉. 通过XRD、SEM表征该荧光粉结构和形貌. 探讨了Dy3+浓度、pH值、反应温度及焙烧温度对NaY(WO4)2:Dy3+晶体结构、形貌及发光性能的影响,得到在Dy3+浓度为0.5%,pH=8,反应温度180℃,800℃焙烧条件下的样品具有最佳上转换发光性能. 利用776 nm近红外光激发NaY(WO4)2:Dy3+,观察到480 nm处的蓝光发射峰以及577 nm处的黄光发射峰. 其中蓝光来自Dy3+离子的4F9/2→6H15/2跃迁,黄光由Dy3+离子4F9/2→6H13/2跃迁产生.     

低浓度Eu~(3+)掺杂对CaTiO_3纳米纤维的荧光性能影响

采用静电纺丝法制备了低浓度Eu~(3+)掺杂的CaTiO_3纳米纤维,通过XRD、SEM及荧光分光光度计对样品的结构、形貌及荧光性能进行了分析,结果表明:所合成的样品为纯相,高温焙烧后的纤维粗细均匀,直径为纳米级,长约几毫米。随着Eu~(3+)掺杂浓度的增加,主峰的发光强度逐渐增强。Eu~(3+)的掺杂使纤维样品发出红光。     

La2(MoO4)3:Eu3+纳米红色荧光粉的合成及发光特性

以硬脂酸镧和硬脂酸铕为反应物,采用溶剂热法合成了Eu3+离子掺杂的La2(MoO4)3:Eu3+纳米红色荧光粉。利用TEM、 XRD、FL对其形貌、结构和发光性能进行了表征。研究了溶剂种类、反应时间、反应温度、Eu3+掺杂浓度对产物微观形貌和发光性能的影响。结果表明：以异丙醇为溶剂,反应温度180℃、反应时间12h,得到的样品结晶度高、分散性好、形貌均一,粒径小于100nm。该样品可被近紫外光(391nm)和蓝光(462.5 nm)有效激发,最大发射波长位于613.5 nm,为窄带的红光。La2(MoO4)3:Eu3+的发光强度与Eu3 +离子掺杂浓度有关,其最佳掺杂浓度为15%（摩尔分数）。     

超声波辅助合成YOF:Tb~(3+)荧光粉及其荧光性能

以Tb4O7与Y2O3为主要原料,用超声波辅助合成前驱体,经高温煅烧后合成了稀土YOF:Tb3+绿色荧光粉。采用XRD、SEM和荧光分光光度计对样品的结构、形貌和荧光性能进行分析。样品XRD表明,产物为四方晶系YOF:Tb3+,结晶度较好。SEM表明合成的荧光粉为100mm~200nm左右的纳米颗粒。荧光分析显示,荧光粉的荧光性能受前驱体辅助合成方式及Tb3+掺杂浓度等各种因素影响。在230nm的紫外光激发下,40℃的低温超声波辅助下合成的前驱体经过煅烧后制得的荧光粉荧光性效果好。当Tb3+的摩尔掺杂浓度大于5%时,出现浓度淬灭现象。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

Novel polyurethane coating technology through glycidyl carbamate chemistry

Glycidyl carbamate chemistry combines the excellent properties of polyurethanes with the crosslinking chemistry of epoxy resins. Glycidyl carbamate functional oligomers were synthesized by the reaction of polyfunctional isocyanate oligomers and glycidol. The oligomers were formulated into coatings with several amine functional crosslinkers at varying stoichiometric ratios and cured at different temperatures. Properties such as solvent resistance, hardness, and impact resistance were dependent on the composition and cure conditions. Most coatings had an excellent combination of properties. Studies were carried out to determine the kinetics of the curing reaction of the glycidyl carbamate functional oligomers with multifunctional and model amines. Detailed kinetic analysis of the curing reactions was also undertaken. The results indicated that the glycidyl carbamate functional group is more reactive than a glycidyl ether group. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, on October 27–29, 2004, in Chicago, IL.