电磁搅拌下半固态AZ91D镁合金的组织形成

利用电磁搅拌装置、合金熔体淬火方法和EBSD位相显微分析技术,在不同的搅拌功率下,研究了电磁搅拌对半固态AZ91D镁合金微观组织的作用.结果表明,在电磁搅拌条件下凝固,AZ91D镁合金组织中的初生α-Mg得到明显细化,初生α-Mg转变为细小的蔷薇状或球状,EBSD检测表明这些球状初生α-Mg晶粒在空间上大多属于不同的晶粒;电磁搅拌功率是重要的制备参数,搅拌功率越大,半固态AZ91D镁合金组织中的蔷薇状初生α-Mg越少,而球状初生α-Mg越多,晶粒也越细小;在电磁搅拌条件下,AZ91D镁合金熔体的激烈流动导致了较为均匀的温度场和溶质场,也导致了更加剧烈的温度起伏,这些现象导致了半固态AZ91D镁合金组织的形成.     

电磁搅拌参数对半固态AZ91D镁合金组织的影响

利用自制的电磁搅拌装置和淬火技术,主要研究了电磁搅拌频率为50Hz下的搅拌参数对连续冷却条件下AZ91D镁合金组织的影响规律.在本试验条件下,当电磁搅拌频率小于50 Hz时,随着电磁搅拌频率的升高,半固态AZ91D镁合金浆料或坯料组织中的球状初生α-Mg越来越多,其形态更加圆整、分布更趋均匀;当电磁搅拌频率达到或高于50 Hz时,半固态AZ91D镁合金浆料或坯料的组织比较理想.当电磁搅拌功率增大时,半固态AZ91D镁合金熔体中的蔷薇状初生α-Mg会受到更加强烈的附加温度起伏,促使蔷薇状初生α-Mg枝晶臂根部的熔断,形成越来越多的球状初生α-Mg,而且初生α-Mg越来越圆整.在电磁搅拌制备半固态AZ91D镁合金浆料或坯料时,较低的冷却速率有利获得较理想的半固态组织.     

电磁搅拌参数对半固态AZ91D镁合金组织的影响

利用自制的电磁搅拌装置和淬火技术,主要研究了电磁搅拌频率为50Hz下的搅拌参数对连续冷却条件下AZ91D镁合金组织的影响规律.在该试验条件下,当电磁搅拌频率小于50Hz时,随着电磁搅拌频率的升高,半固态AZ91D镁合金浆料或坯料组织中的球状初生α-Mg越来越多,其形态更加圆整,分布更趋均匀;当电磁搅拌频率达到或高于50Hz时,半固态AZ91D镁合金浆料或坯料的组织比较理想.当电磁搅拌功率增大时,半固态AZ91D镁合金熔体中的蔷薇状初生α-Mg会受到更加强烈的附加温度起伏,促使蔷薇状初生α-Mg枝晶臂根部的熔断,形成越来越多的球状初生α-Mg,而且初生α-Mg越来越圆整.在电磁搅拌制备半固态AZ91D镁合金浆料或坯料时,较低的冷却速率有利于获得较理想的半固态组织.     

半固态A356铝合金浆料的行波搅拌制备工艺

采用行波电磁搅拌和低过热度浇注复合制备工艺,成功制备出初生α-Al为球状的较大尺寸A356铝合金半固态浆料.研究了浇注温度、搅拌频率和搅拌功率对A356铝合金半固态浆料组织的影响.结果表明,随着浇注温度的降低,半固态A356铝合金组织中的初生α-Al更圆整.当搅拌频率达到或高于10Hz时,半固态A356铝合金浆料中的组织比较理想.当电磁搅拌功率增大时,半固态A356铝合金熔体中的蔷薇状初生α-Al受到更剧烈的附加温度起伏而使枝晶根部熔断,形成更多更圆整的球状初生相.因此,在630℃浇注、搅拌频率为10Hz和搅拌功率为1.72kW下,能制备出更圆整、细小的初生α-Al.     

AZ91HP镁合金流变压铸工艺与性能研究

采用自行开发的锥桶武半固态浆料制备装置,并结合实验室压铸机,研究了AZ91HP镁合金流变压铸成形的工艺与性能.结果表明:内锥桶转速越大,成形件内部晶粒越细小,转速为600 r/min时,初生α-Mg固溶体主要由近球形颗粒组成,颗粒尺寸细小圆整,平均尺寸为38～40μm;剪切温度较高时,成形件内部初生α-Mg晶粒较粗大,圆整度较好;剪切温度较低时,初生α-Mg品粒较细小,圆整度相对较差.不同工艺下流变压铸件抗拉强度及伸长率均高于普通液态压铸件,其中抗拉强度提高10%～15%,伸长率提高40%以上.     

电磁搅拌对镁合金AZ91D半固态组织的影响

研究了电磁搅拌强度和搅拌时间对镁合金AZ91D丰固态组织的影响.结果表明:提高搅拌强度和延长搅拌时间均有利于非枝晶组织的形成.电磁搅拌使初生α-Mg由枝晶状变为球状,是由于搅动引起熔体内热量和物质的快速混合,使熔体内各处的温度和成分均匀,不仅使已生成的树枝晶沿根部熔断分离,而且消除了枝晶生长的条件,无论是熔断的枝晶碎块还是新生成的晶核均生长成球状或近球状.     

脉冲磁场/等温热处理制备Mg_97Ni_1Gd_1Nd_1合金半固态坯料

采用脉冲磁场细化组织工艺,结合后续低温等温热处理组织球化工艺,制备了Mg97Ni1Gd1Nd1合金半固态坯料。结果表明,当脉冲电压为300V,脉冲频率为10Hz时,合金组织细化效果最为明显,发达的初生α-Mg树枝晶转变为蔷薇状的等轴晶,晶粒平均尺寸由650μm细化到约80μm;选择低于初生α-Mg熔化温度而高于共晶温度为半固态等温热处理温度区间,对脉冲磁场细化后的组织进行等温热处理,可制备含近球状初生α-Mg颗粒的半固态坯料;在560℃下保温20min,球化组织最为理想,其初生相颗粒的圆整度为0.82。     

超声振动功率对AZ31B镁合金铸锭凝固组织的影响

采用熔体超声处理及底部水冷工艺,在不同功率参数条件下制备了AZ31B镁合金铸锭,用定量金相系统测定和比较凝固组织中初生α-Mg相的晶粒尺寸.结果表明,随着超声功率的增加,声空化的形核作用增强,晶核数量增多.同时,声流速度加快,对结晶潜热和二次枝晶臂根部溶质的扩散、破碎枝晶的分散作用更强,α-Mg相形态由枝晶状向蔷薇状和球状转变.超声功率为600 W时,对α-Mg初生相的细化效果最佳,晶粒平均尺寸细化到93 μm.当功率升高到800 W时,由于热效应超过了对流散热作用,晶粒又变得粗化.     

超声功率对Mg-3RE-3Zn-0.7Y合金组织和力学性能的影响（英文）

如果在铸造过程能够细化含有稀土元素的金属间化合物,那么稀土镁合金在耐热应用方面将具有巨大的潜力。研究了半固态制浆过程中不同超声功率的超声振动对Mg-3RE-3Zn-0.7Y合金半固态微观组织以及铸态试样力学性能的影响。试验对液相线以上20~40℃镁合金熔体分别施加超声功率为800 W至1200 W的超声振动,振动时间为90 s,结束超声振动温度为液相线以下10℃左右。结果表明,超声振动可以制备出组织中具有细小圆整的初生α-Mg相的优良半固态浆料,并且经过超声功率为1000 W的超声处理后浆料组织中初生α-Mg晶粒的平均晶粒直径和平均形状系数S F分别为55μm和0.63。此外,1000 W超声处理的铸件试样比未经超声处理的试样抗拉强度提高了25.2%,伸长率提高了93.5%。可见,声空化效应和声流效应使超声振动成为一种制备具有细小圆整初生晶粒镁合金半固态浆料的有效途径。     

机械振动对消失模-熔模铸造AZ91D镁合金组织的影响

在消失模-熔模铸造AZ91D镁合金的凝固过程中施加机械振动,研究在不同浇注温度、振幅和振动频率下消失模-熔模铸造AZ91D镁合金组织的变化。结果表明,施加机械振动后获得组织中的树枝晶明显减少,随着浇注温度的降低镁合金组织逐渐被细化,但浇注温度过低不利于机械振动发挥最佳效果,在730℃时获得组织较为理想,晶粒主要呈等轴状。随着振动频率的增大,合金组织细化,当振动频率为100Hz时细化效果最好,初生α相的晶粒尺寸仅为166.4μm,β相也基本以细小颗粒状分布。增大振幅能使镁合金晶粒尺寸明显减小,在振幅为1.0mm时获得的晶粒最为细小、圆整。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

THERMODYNAMICS STUDY ON THE DECOMPOSITION OF CHROMITE WITH KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

INFLUENCE OF HEAT TREATMENT ON DAMPING BEHAVIOUR OF THE MAGNESIUM WROUGHT ALLOY AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.