固定化微生物技术在废水处理中的应用

通过对固定化技术方法以及不同载体选择的介绍,分析评价了固定化微生物在废水处理中应用研究进展。认为固定化微生物是一种比一般生物处理法更为高效的方法,并讨论了它在含毒重金属离子废水、有机废水、难降解废水、含磷含氮废水中的应用。研究表明:固定化技术的应用前景十分广泛,但在从实验室阶段走向废水处理的实际应用阶段上还存在一些问题。     

固定化微生物技术处理废水研究进展

对固定化微生物技术及其所用载体进行了介绍。综述了固定化微生物技术在国内外处理氨氮废水、含酚废水、降解芳香族类化合物以及其他有机废水处理中的研究与应用现状。指出了固定化微生物技术存在的问题，并提出了今后的研究方向。     

生物炭固定化微生物技术在废水处理中的研究进展

生物炭固定化微生物技术结合了生物炭吸附和微生物降解的优势,增强了微生物对废水的处理效果,同时可以多次重复使用,降低了生产成本,在废水处理上具有广阔的应用前景。论文介绍了生物炭固定化微生物技术概念及其在多种废水处理中的研究进展。     

微生物固定化技术及其在污水处理领域的研究进展

微生物固定化技术是一种有效的废水处理技术。对微生物固定化载体和固定化方法进行了分类,并对微生物固定化后的细胞性能做了阐述。综述了微生物固定化方法在各类废水中的国内外研究现状,并针对相关问题提出了今后的研究和发展方向。     

固定化微生物技术用于废水处理的研究进展

固定化微生物技术是一种高效的废水生物处理技术,该种废水处理方法是传统生物处理方法的改良,具有生物浓度高、耐负荷、耐毒害等优点,有着广阔的应用前景。本文对固定化微生物技术及其在处理含氨氮、酚、印染废水以及其他废水的研究现状进行介绍。     

微生物固定化技术处理水产养殖废水研究进展

综述了近年来微生物固定化（MIM）技术用于水产养殖废水处理的国内外研究进展,分析了MIM技术的固定化微生物、固定化方法、不同类型载体材料特点。指出了MIM技术处理水产养殖废水存在的载体可重复使用性、工艺成本和处理效率等问题。认为未来MIM技术应用于水产养殖废水处理的研究重点将是高效复合菌种构建、多孔结构新型载体材料开发、微生物与固定化载体和固定化方法协同优化等方面,以达到更高的处理效果。     

微生物吸附固定化技术在污水处理中的研究进展

系统阐述了微生物吸附固定化技术的特点,综述了微生物吸附固定化技术在污水处理中的应用现状。首先简单介绍了吸附固定化微生物技术概念、操作方法及优势,其次从吸附材料的选择开发、吸附菌株的选择两方面介绍了该技术的研究进展,最后从处理氨氮废水、有机废水、重金属废水三个方面阐述该技术在污废水处理中的研究现状,并提出该技术需要改进的方面及今后大致研究方向。     

微生物吸附固定化技术在污水处理中的研究进展

系统阐述了微生物吸附固定化技术的特点,综述了微生物吸附固定化技术在污水处理中的应用现状。首先简单介绍了吸附固定化微生物技术概念、操作方法及优势,其次从吸附材料的选择开发、吸附菌株的选择两方面介绍了该技术的研究进展,最后从处理氨氮废水、有机废水、重金属废水三个方面阐述该技术在污废水处理中的研究现状,并提出该技术需要改进的方面及今后大致研究方向。     

温度对IMO-SBR中微生物特性的影响

为了研究温度对固定化微生物系统中微生物特性的影响,将微生物固定化技术与SRB工艺相结合,开发出IMO-SBR(Immoblization Organism简称IMO)生物强化工艺处理含氮废水,并通过对IMO-SBR和普通活性污泥SBR废水处理对比试验,研究了温度对固定化微生物系统及游离微生物系统中微生物活性、脱氮效果的...     

细胞固定化技术及其在废水处理中的应用研究

对细胞固定化技术进行了较为全面的介绍,指出理想的细胞固定化载体应该具备对微生物无毒、性质稳定、传质性能良好、强度高、寿命长、价格低廉等条件。详细阐述了细胞固定化技术在处理氨氮废水、含酚废水、重金属废水中的研究与应用现状,认为寻找高效、抗毒性强的生物及性质优良的固定化载体,开发高效的固定化反应器,进行生物再生是实现细胞固定化技术在废水处理中广泛应用的主要研究方向。特别指出的是这项技术在重金属废水处理中有着广阔的应用前景。     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Novel polyurethane coating technology through glycidyl carbamate chemistry

Glycidyl carbamate chemistry combines the excellent properties of polyurethanes with the crosslinking chemistry of epoxy resins. Glycidyl carbamate functional oligomers were synthesized by the reaction of polyfunctional isocyanate oligomers and glycidol. The oligomers were formulated into coatings with several amine functional crosslinkers at varying stoichiometric ratios and cured at different temperatures. Properties such as solvent resistance, hardness, and impact resistance were dependent on the composition and cure conditions. Most coatings had an excellent combination of properties. Studies were carried out to determine the kinetics of the curing reaction of the glycidyl carbamate functional oligomers with multifunctional and model amines. Detailed kinetic analysis of the curing reactions was also undertaken. The results indicated that the glycidyl carbamate functional group is more reactive than a glycidyl ether group. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, on October 27–29, 2004, in Chicago, IL.