细菌纤维素基电磁功能复合膜的制备与性能研究

以细菌纤维素(BC)基体材料,通过共沉淀原位复合法制备纳米钴铁氧体(CoFe2O4)/细菌纤维素磁性复合膜;并在此基础上,通过原位化学氧化聚合法,制备了聚吡咯/钴铁氧体/细菌纤维素(PPy/CoFe2O4/BC)复合膜,对其结构性能及应用进行研究。结果表明,PPy/CoFe2O4/BC复合膜仍然保持了BC的三维网状结构。当吡咯单体浓度为0.07mol/L时,复合膜由连续的核壳结构构成,电导率稳定在0.4S/cm左右,其电磁屏蔽效能在25dB左右,是一种良好的民用或商用电磁屏蔽材料。     

多功能聚吡咯/聚酰亚胺电磁屏蔽复合膜的制备与性能研究

目的 开发具有优异屏蔽效率、轻质且热稳定性良好的电磁屏蔽材料。方法 以聚酰亚胺(PI)为聚合物基体,聚吡咯(PPy)为添加相,采用静电纺丝-低温原位聚合技术制备PPy/PI电磁屏蔽复合膜。通过在薄膜内部的多孔结构中构建致密的导电网络,赋予复合膜优异的导电性和高效的电磁屏蔽效能。结果 在聚合PPy浓度为0.1 mol/L时,复合膜的电导率和电磁屏蔽效能分别为2.23 S/cm和26.04 dB,且其单位厚度电磁屏蔽效能可达到110.81 dB/mm,展现出优异的电磁屏蔽性能。结论 PPy/PI复合纤维膜表现出良好的力学性能(拉伸强度为11.73 MPa)、优异的热稳定性(>400 ℃)和力学传感性能,具备在恶劣环境下广泛应用的潜力。     

电化学合成聚吡咯—不同合成条件对聚吡咯特性及形态的影响

一、前言 近十多年来,导电高聚物的研究一直得到人们的高度重视。许多研究表明,导电高聚物有希望作为新一代的电磁屏蔽材料、吸波材料、固体电介质、传导织物等使用。关于导电高聚物的研究,大部分工作集中在聚乙炔和聚吡咯。 聚吡咯是一种无定形高分子材料,它可以利用电化学或化学方法合成。一般来说,利用化学方法合成的聚吡咯呈粉末状,而利用电化学方法合成的聚吡咯则是硬而脆的薄膜。取决于不同的掺杂离子和掺杂水平,它的导电性可从10~(-6)到10~2s/cm。大量的研究表明,它的掺杂—反掺杂过程是一个准可逆过程。当在室温下、暴露于空气中时,它具有较高的化学稳定性。 为了适应不同的使用要求,聚吡咯可以被制备成粉末状、微纤状和薄膜状。利用不同的复合工艺,可以制备不同类型的聚吡咯导电复合材料。然而,尽管每年都有大量关于聚吡咯的研究,但关于合成条件对其性能及形态影响的研究却很少报道。事实上,这样的研究对聚吡咯的广泛应用是必要的。本文将介绍聚合电势、电介质及单体浓度对聚吡咯导电性及形态的影响。聚合电势、聚吡咯结构及导电性之间的关系也将详细讨论。     

三维石墨烯-吡咯气凝胶/环氧树脂复合材料的制备及其性能EI北大核心CSCD

通过三步法及真空辅助浸渍的方法制备了石墨烯-吡咯气凝胶/环氧树脂复合材料,该复合材料质轻并且内部的多孔石墨烯-吡咯气凝胶具有较为均一的三维结构,在与环氧树脂复合之后,这种三维结构也能很好地保留。石墨烯的三维网络为电子传导提供了快速通道,使材料的导电性能显著提高,仅有0.23%(质量分数)填料含量的石墨烯-吡咯气凝胶/环氧树脂复合材料(1G-1%P,1300℃)的电导率可以达到67.1 S/m。石墨烯-吡咯气凝胶/环氧树脂复合材料(1G-1%P,1300℃)的电磁屏蔽性能在8~12 GHz可以达到33 dB,更重要的是石墨烯-吡咯气凝胶骨架还起到了增强环氧树脂基体力学性能的作用,弯曲强度和弯曲模量与环氧树脂基体相比分别提高了60.93%和25.98%(10G-5%P,180℃),石墨烯-吡咯气凝胶的三维结构可以有效地改善材料整体的电磁屏蔽性能以及力学性能。     

十二烷基苯磺酸钠掺杂的聚吡咯吸波性能研究

以十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS)为掺杂剂采用乳液聚合法合成了不同掺杂率的聚吡咯.通过元素分析n(S)/n(N)表征了所得聚吡咯的掺杂率,并测试了不同掺杂率的聚吡咯的电导率,发现电导率随掺杂率的增加先增大后下降.以掺杂聚吡咯为吸波荆制备了环氧树脂复合材料,并测试了其在X波段的电磁参数.由单层平行板模型 计算出复合材料的吸波性能,结果表明,当n(SDBS)/n(Py)=0.2(Py为吡咯单体)的掺杂聚吡咯(PPy)在复合材料中的含量为20%时吸波性能最好,即当样品厚度为2.3mm时其反射损耗最小,达到-14.8dB,且在9.5～11.6GHz的频宽范围均低于-10dB.     

Pickering乳液技术制备纤维素纳米纤丝-还原氧化石墨烯/聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯电磁屏蔽复合材料

利用纤维素纳米纤丝（CNF）和氧化石墨烯（GO）共稳定的含有聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯（PMMA）的Pickering乳液法,并经抽滤、还原、热压等工艺制备高性能的纤维素纳米纤丝-还原氧化石墨烯/聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯（CNF-rGO/PMMA）电磁屏蔽复合材料。通过调节油相中聚合物的质量浓度、水油体积比,从而调控GO在复合材料中的质量分数。研究GO还原方式、质量分数及热压过程对所制备的CNF-rGO/PMMA电磁屏蔽复合材料的形貌结构与性能的影响。CNF-rGO/PMMA电磁屏蔽复合材料中GO经水合肼处理后有效还原为rGO,热压工艺使包裹在PMMA颗粒外的CNF-rGO片层与PMMA颗粒紧密堆积并形成交联的三维导电网络从而具有优异的导电率,在X波段不同频率（8.2~12.4 GHz）下具有良好的电磁屏蔽效能及稳定性,电磁屏蔽效能可达20 dB以上,可用于民用电磁屏蔽材料。      

电磁屏蔽功能涂料研究进展

首先介绍电磁屏蔽材料的屏蔽方式和电磁屏蔽原理,然后,对目前常用的各种电磁屏蔽填料的功能特点和应用情况进行了分析,在此基础上,对电磁屏蔽涂料的制备方法、电磁屏蔽涂料的导电机理以及影响电磁屏蔽性能的因素进行了综合分析,对电磁屏蔽涂料的应用发展方向进行了展望。     

GNS/PMMA泡沫复合材料的制备及其电磁屏蔽性能

本文采用电泳法在泡沫镍表面沉积一层石墨烯,接着浸渍一层聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯,最后去除泡沫镍模板获得石墨烯/聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯泡沫复合材料。采用扫描电镜、四探针电导率仪及矢量网络分析仪等对材料的形貌结构及性能进行表征。结果表明该泡沫复合材料完整地继承了泡沫镍的三维骨架结构,石墨烯在聚合物骨架中相互连接形成全连通的导电网络,使得该复合材料具有良好的电导率及电磁屏蔽性能。孔径0.25mm、厚度1.5mm的该复合材料的电导率最大可达1.5S·m-1,在8~12GHz范围内,其电磁屏蔽效能最高可达12.7dB,其中吸收损耗占总损耗的99%。因此以吸收损耗为主要屏蔽机制的石墨烯/聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯泡沫复合材料是一种有前途的轻质、透气型电磁屏蔽材料。     

电磁屏蔽混凝土

在介绍电磁屏蔽材料的种类和电磁屏蔽原理的基础上,论述了近年来电磁屏蔽混凝土的发展现状,并展望了电磁屏蔽混凝土的研究趋势和应用前景,最后阐述了电磁屏蔽混凝土的开发与示范.     

聚吡咯涂层织物的介电性能研究

采用原位聚合法以棉机织物、尼龙为基布,以吡咯为单体,制备了具有良好介电性能的柔性聚吡咯涂层棉织物和聚吡咯涂层尼龙织物,探讨了掺杂剂种类、掺杂剂浓度对聚吡咯涂层棉织物、聚吡咯涂层尼龙织物介电性能和表面电阻的影响.结果表明,掺杂剂对聚吡咯复合材料的介电性能和表面电阻的影响较大.所制备的聚吡咯涂层棉织物、聚吡咯涂层尼龙织物均具备良好的介电性能和导电性,为最终开发出较为实用的多功能吸波复合材料奠定了基础.     

Synthesis of ferrofluid based nanoarchitectured polypyrrole composites and its application for electromagnetic shielding

The monodispersion of magnetic nanoparticles in conducting polymer is the prerequisite to make a high quality composite for tunable electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding. To meet this challenge, we have designed and synthesized ferrofluid based nanoarchitectured polypyrrole composites containing Fe₃O₄ (8–12 nm) via in situ oxidative polymerization. To tune the microwave signals, polypyrrole composites (PFF) with different monomer/ferrofluid weight ratios have been prepared and characterized in microwave frequency domain. A maximum shielding effectiveness value of SE_A(max) = 20.4 dB (∼99% attenuation) due to the absorption of microwave has been observed in the frequency range of 12.4–18 GHz and attenuation level varied with ferrofluid loading. The electrical conductivity of PFF composite is of the order of 10⁻² S cm⁻¹ order and having superparamagnetic nature with saturation magnetization (M_s) of 5.5 emu g⁻¹. The lightweight PFF composites with high attenuations can provide full control over the atomic structure and are favorable for the practical EMI shielding application for commercial electronic appliances.     

微纳米材料在电磁屏蔽方面的应用研究进展

信息技术的迅速发展和电子设备的大量使用,在环境中产生了如电子噪声、电磁波(EM)、电磁干扰(EMI)、射频干扰等电子污染。综述了EMI屏蔽微纳米材料相关方面的研究进展,简要分析了EMI屏蔽的基本机理和比较了纳米EMI屏蔽复合材料的制备方法,同时对比了金属和碳纳米填料EMI屏蔽复合材料,得到金属纳米EMI屏蔽复合材料,虽具有良好效果,但是存在质量大、成本高和耐腐蚀性弱等缺点。因碳系纳米材料具有质量轻,耐腐蚀性,优异的电学、电介质、热学、机械和磁性等独特特性,可替代金属作为EMI屏蔽填料,且EMI屏蔽效果优良。如多层纳米管(MWCNT)和石墨烯/聚苯胺(GN/PANI)纳米复合材料,并且两者材料的混杂可以协同改善复合材料的屏蔽效果。     

Novel carbon nanotube-polystyrene foam composites for electromagnetic interference shielding

A novel carbon nanotube-polystyrene foam composite has been fabricated successfully. The electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding effectiveness measurements indicated that such foam composites can be used as very effective, lightweight shielding materials. The correlation between the shielding effectiveness and electrical conductivity and the EMI shielding mechanism of such foam composites are also discussed.     

Synergetic effect of conducting polymer composites reinforced E-glass fabric for the control of electromagnetic radiations

The use of fibril materials as substrate for reinforcing polymers has wide industrial applications. In this article, we discuss polyaniline and polypyrrole as conducting polymers to provide electronic conductivity in E-glass fabric reinforced conducting composite with varied degree of composition and conductivity using industrially important polymers polymethylmethacrylate and polyvinyl chloride as a host matrix. Aromatic sulphonic acids such as PXSA, OXSA, PSA, PDSA, RDSA, OCPSA and MCSA were used as a dopant. The influence of the aromatic ring substituents in these dopants over the conductivity and processibility due to various interactions has been studied. The study shows that due to bulk nature of conductivity, shielding effectiveness (SE) increases with increase in conductivity and thickness of a composite. The test samples were characterized by conductivity and electromagnetic shielding effectiveness (EMI SE). The electromagnetic shielding effectiveness was measured by co-axial transmission line method in the frequency range of 0.01–1000 MHz. These composites with both side shielded by polypyrrole offered a uniform shielding effectiveness of 69 dB.     

Electromagnetic interference shielding characteristics of carbon nanofiber-polymer composites

Electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding characteristics of carbon nanofiber-polystyrene composites were investigated in the frequency range of 12.4-18 GHz (Ku-band). It was observed that the shielding effectiveness of such composites was frequency independent, and increased with increasing carbon nanofiber loading within Ku-band. The experimental data exhibited that the shielding effectiveness of the polymer composite containing 20 wt% carbon nanofibers could reach more than 36 dB in the measured frequency region, indicating such composites can be applied to the potential EMI shielding materials. In addition, the results showed that the contribution of reflection to the EMI shielding effectiveness was much larger than that of absorption, implying the primary EMI shielding mechanism of such composites was reflection of electromagnetic radiation within Ku-band.     

Broadband electromagnetic shielding and dielectric properties of polyaniline-stannous oxide composites

Conducting polyaniline-stannous oxide (PAni-SnO) composites were synthesized by the in situ polymerization of aniline in the presence of SnO. The composites formed were characterized by X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). As there is a greater need for materials with electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding properties over a large operating frequency band, the present study highlights the dielectric and EMI shielding response of PAni-SnO composites in the microwave frequency range from 8 to 18 GHz (X and Ku bands). All the computations were based on microwave scattering parameters measured by transmission line waveguide technique. The EMI shielding effectiveness (EMI SE), return loss, microwave absorption and dielectric properties of the PAni-SnO composites were evaluated for various wt% of SnO (10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 wt%) in PAni. In X-band, the composites exhibits EMI SE in the range ?18 to ?23 dB, with microwave absorbance of 70–83 % and in the Ku-band, the composites exhibits EMI SE values of ?17.5 to ?22.5 dB with 67–85 % absorbance. Our investigations reveal that the PAni-SnO composites are potential candidates for EMI shielding applications for both the X and Ku bands.     

Electrical conductivity and shielding effectiveness of poly(trimethylene terephthalate)/multiwalled carbon nanotube composites

Poly(trimethylene terephthalate) (PTT)/multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) composites have been fabricated to evaluate the potential of PTT composites as electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding material. The room temperature electrical conductivity, complex permittivity, and shielding effectiveness (SE) of PTT/MWCNT composites were studied in the frequency range of 8.2–12.4 GHz (X-band). The dc conductivity (σ) of composites increased with increasing MWCNT loading and a typical percolation behavior was observed at 0.48 vol% MWCNT loading. The highest EMI SE of PTT/MWCNT composites was ~23 decibel (dB) at 4.76 vol% MWCNT loading which suggest that these composites can be used as light weight EMI shielding materials. The correlation among the SE, complex permittivity, and electrical conductivity was also studied. The EMI shielding mechanism of PTT/MWCNT composites was studied by resolving the total EMI SE into absorption and reflection loss.     

Electromagnetic interference shielding effectiveness of SiCf/SiC composites with PIP–SiC interphase after thermal oxidation in air

SiC_f/SiC composites with PIP–SiC interphase were prepared as electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding materials by chemical vapor infiltration method. Effects of thermal oxidation on electrical and EMI shielding properties of the composites in X band were investigated. The as-received composites show high electrical conductivity of 0.12 S/cm and SE_T value of 29 dB, which is ascribed to the free carbon in the composites. The electrical conductivities and weight retentions of the composites decrease with oxidation temperatures or time increase. Likewise, the shielding properties deteriorate to some degree but the SE_T value exhibits more than 17 dB after oxidation at 1000 °C for 2 h and 15 dB at 900 °C for 6 h, respectively. The deterioration of electrical and EMI shielding properties during oxidation process is ascribed to the consumption of free carbon. The high SE_A value and low SE_R value imply that absorption is the dominant EMI shielding mechanism. The SiC interphase can protect the fibers and keep EMI shielding properties of the composites at a high level.     

孔隙率对三维针刺C/C复合材料电磁屏蔽性能的影响

通过多次重复先驱体浸渍裂解(PIP)工艺过程,改变材料的孔隙率和体密度,制备不同孔隙率的三维针刺碳/碳(C/C)复合材料,并研究了在8.2~12.4GHz频率范围内(X波段)不同孔隙率C/C复合材料的电磁屏蔽效能。结果表明:适当降低孔隙率有利于提高C/C复合材料的总电磁屏蔽效能和电磁吸收屏蔽效能,当开气孔率为33.4%时,C/C复合材料具有最大的电磁屏蔽效能(40dB),且电磁吸收屏蔽效能(30dB)远大于电磁反射屏蔽效能(12dB),是极具潜力的高吸收低反射电磁屏蔽材料。