面向Web服务的基于属性的访问控制研究

Web服务是一种新的面向服务的计算模式，由于其异构性、多域性和高度动态性，它提出了独特的安全挑战。一个关键的安全挑战就是要设计有效的访问控制机制。但目前存在的访问控制机制大多是基于身份的，存在严重的管理规模和控制粒度问题。本文提出利用基于属性的访问控制（Attribute-Based Access Control，ABAC）机制来处理Web服务的访问控制问题。ABAC采用相关实体的属性进行授权决策，能解决管理规模问题，并提供细粒度的控制。另外，文中对ABAC进行了建模，讨论了其应用，最后还给出了一种实施框架。     

面向Web服务资源的两层访问控制方法

Web服务资源具有静态的Web服务接口和动态的有状态资源两个组件.针对这两个组件的不同特征为它提出一种基于属性的两层访问控制方法(Two Level Attribute-Based Access Control,2L-ABAC).2L-ABAC扩展基于属性的访问控制模型(Attribute-Based Access Control,ABAC),对这两个组件分别进行访问控制.ABAC系统的访问决定依赖于用户提供的主体属性,所以2L-ABAC采用策略发布机制告知用户所需的属性,并根据各层特征分别采用WSDL附件和元数据交换两种发布方式.除了分层设计带来的灵活性,2L-ABAC还继承了ABAC模型的特性,能够对来自其他安全域的用户进行访问控制.另外,它基于相关国际规范实现,如XACML和SAML,故具有通用性.     

SOA中基于属性的访问控制安全策略

SOA环境具有分布性.异构性和动态性的特点,传统的访问控制模型已经不能满足其需求.为解决SOA环境下的访问控制问题,提出了一种基于属性的访问控制模型(Attribute-based Access Control,ABAC).模型以实体的属性作为评价的基本单位.通过对主体属性、资源属性以及环境属性的动态评估,结合访问控制策略来对用户的访问进行控制.并采用XACML和SAML两个规范对模型进行了实现.分析了框架中属性和访问控制策略的查询响应方法,以及访问授权的流程.分析结果表明,结合XACML和SAML标准实现的ABAC模型具有较好的安全性和移植性,适用于异构的SOA环境.     

A conditional purpose-based access control model with dynamic roles

This paper presents a model for privacy preserving access control which is based on variety of purposes. Conditional purpose is applied along with allowed purpose and prohibited purpose in the model. It allows users using some data for certain purpose with conditions. The structure of conditional purpose-based access control model is defined and investigated through dynamic roles. Access purpose is verified in a dynamic behavior, based on subject attributes, context attributes and authorization policies. Intended purposes are dynamically associated with the requested data object during the access decision. An algorithm is developed to achieve the compliance computation between access purposes and intended purposes and is illustrated with Role-based access control (RBAC) in a dynamic manner to support conditional purpose-based access control. According to this model, more information from data providers can be extracted while at the same time assuring privacy that maximizes the usability of consumers’ data. It extends traditional access control models to a further coverage of privacy preserving in data mining atmosphere. The structure helps enterprises to circulate clear privacy promise, to collect and manage user preferences and consent.     

P2P中基于信任和属性的访问控制

P2P具有无集中控制节点、节点对等自治和网络动态的特点,这些特点为实施访问控制带来很大的挑战,传统的访问控制技术不能很好地适应对等网环境。首先对现有的对等网环境中的访问控制技术进行研究,然后在基于信任模型的角色访问控制的基础上,针对无法区分通过信任模型计算出相同结果的用户的问题,提出了基于信任和属性的访问控制。基于信任和属性的访问控制引入资源属性和用户属性来分别描述资源和用户,依据用户属性、信任模型计算出的数值、环境属性和授权策略来建立用户角色指派关系,依据资源属性和授权策略来建立角色权限指派关系,从而解决基于信任模型的角色访问控制存在的问题。     

基于属性的Web服务访问控制模型

传统访问控制模型都是静态的、粗粒度的，不能很好地在面向服务的环境中应用。本文提出了一种基于属性的访问控制模型（ABAC），它结合 SAML（Security Assertion Markup Language,，安全声明标记语言）和XACML （ Extensible Access Control Markup Language,可扩展访问控制标记语言）标准，能够基于主体、客体和环境的属性来动态地、细粒度地进行授权。新的模型更加灵活，特别适用于动态的Web服务环境。     

Patient-centric authorization framework for electronic healthcare services

In modern healthcare environments, a fundamental requirement for achieving continuity of care is the seamless access to distributed patient health records in an integrated and unified manner, directly at the point of care. However, Electronic Health Records (EHRs) contain a significant amount of sensitive information, and allowing data to be accessible at many different sources increases concerns related to patient privacy and data theft. Access control solutions must guarantee that only authorized users have access to such critical records for legitimate purposes, and access control policies from distributed EHR sources must be accurately reflected and enforced accordingly in the integrated EHRs. In this paper, we propose a unified access control scheme that supports patient-centric selective sharing of virtual composite EHRs using different levels of granularity, accommodating data aggregation and privacy protection requirements. We also articulate and address issues and mechanisms on policy anomalies that occur in the composition of discrete access control policies from different data sources.     

多自治域协同环境中群组通信的安全访问控制

支持多自治域协作的安全通信环境是大规模分布式应用的基础,群通信由于高效、可伸缩等特点,成为这种协作环境的一种基本通信方式．然而,由于没有集中的控制中心,实体分别隶属于异构的自治域且动态变化,引发了大量新的安全访问控制问题．针对多域协作的异构性和动态性特点,提出一套基于角色的分布式信任管理的解决方案,重点解决了动态联合授权以及基于属性的委托授权．在此基础上建立了一套较完整的安全通信体系,包括安全策略的协商、信任证的颁发、信任证与安全策略的一致性验证以及用户访问权限论证等．它为多域协作环境的群通信提供了更加灵活、可靠、安全的访问控制模式．     

智能电网中基于MQTT协议的ABAC访问控制方案

在智能电网环境中,电力运营商和消费者通过智能电表进行大量高精度的用电数据的实时监测,用户机密数据持续暴露于未经授权的访问,在这种传统通信模式下,智能电表对家庭用户能源消耗的细粒度测量造成了严重的隐私安全问题,而现有的静态访问控制方法并不满足智能电网环境基于上下文的动态访问特性。针对此问题,提出一种基于物联网通信协议（MQTT协议）的访问控制方案,通过在MQTT协议中对树型结构的主题列表设计基于ABAC访问控制模型的动态上下文授权策略,并在WSO2系统使用XACML策略语言实现了提出的访问控制方案。性能评估结果表明,该方案能在较低的通信开销内支持动态的访问控制,以解决智能电网中用户的用电信息未经授权而泄露的隐私安全问题。     

Secure Collaboration in a Mediator-Free Distributed Environment

The internet and related technologies have made multidomain collaborations a reality. Collaboration enables domains to effectively share resources; however it introduces several security and privacy challenges. Managing security in the absence of a central mediator is even more challenging. In this paper, we propose a distributed secure interoperability framework for mediator-free collaboration environments. We introduce the idea of secure access paths which enables domains to make localized access control decisions without having global view of the collaboration. We also present a path authentication technique for proving path authenticity. Furthermore, we present an on-demand path discovery algorithms that enable domains to securely discover paths in the collaboration environment. We implemented a simulation of our proposed framework and ran experiments to investigate the effect of several design parameters on our proposed access path discovery algorithm.     

访问控制日志驱动的ABAC策略自动提取与优化增强

为解决基于属性的访问控制（ABAC）策略自动提取的低质量问题,提出一种基于访问控制日志驱动的ABAC策略自动提取与优化增强方法。首先,构建集成学习模型,将用户行为和权限分配映射为策略逻辑树,识别访问授权决策的关联性及潜在规律,初步生成策略;其次,通过单属性优化和规则二元约简两种方法深度优化策略,简化策略结构并压缩策略规模;最后,提出基于误差度量的规则冲突解决方法,以增强互斥、完备的ABAC策略,并进一步基于多目标优化的策略性能平衡算法实现不同场景需求的最优模型选择。分别在平衡数据集和稀疏数据集上进行测试和验证,实验结果表明,该方法在平衡数据集上的准确性最高可达96.69%,可将策略规模压缩至原来的19.7%。在稀疏数据集上的准确性最高可达87.74%,可将策略规模压缩至原来的23%。此方法兼顾策略的预测精度与结构的简洁性,同时适用于平衡日志和稀疏日志,确保访问控制系统在实际应用中能够实现高效、安全的访问授权管理。     

一个基于信任的P2P访问控制模型

多数访问控制模型都针对集中式的和相对静态的系统,不适宜主客体动态变化的协同环境。文章分析了P2P系统的信任机制,介绍了考虑事务上下文因素的信任度计算方法,提出一种基于信任的动态访问控制模型dTBAC,以解决P2P环境的安全问题。该模型从网络个体信任的角度建立访问控制体制,根据主客体的信任值对访问权限进行动态管理。文章还就P2P应用中不同的访问服务类型给出了具体的访问授权策略。     

Flexible and secure service discovery in ubiquitous computing

The realization of ubiquitous computing requires achieving seamless service provisioning for users and devices everywhere. However, potentially uneven conditions imposed (by heterogeneous, overlapping environments) and a high degree of user autonomy pose long-term challenges for mobile application design and implementation. In this context, service discovery protocols can be used as a building block to foster peer collaboration, allowing user-provided services to be found and used. Promoting user collaboration, in turn, raises issues regarding security and privacy. Interacting peers (i.e. users) may belong to multiple domains, and authentication cannot always rely on an infrastructure provided by an administrative domain. Thus, user privacy, security, and collaboration may be regarded as conflicting goals.This paper presents a flexible protocol for service discovery in ubiquitous systems whose peer-to-peer design enables the dynamic choice among the levels of collaboration, security and privacy desired by participants. The proposed approach is based on decentralized mechanisms that harness well-known trust management principles to control the exposure of service information. The resulting protocol is called Flexible and Secure Service Discovery (FSSD). An evaluation with a simple prototype was conducted to support our claims of flexibility (e.g. allowing run-time decisions). Results demonstrate that the proposed approach can reflect well the balance among the conflicting goals of security, privacy and user collaboration.     

An approach to domain-based scalable context management architecture in pervasive environments

In pervasive environments, context management systems are expected to administrate large volume of contextual information that is captured from spatial to nonspatial elements. Research in context-aware computing produced a number of middleware systems for context management to intermediate the communications between applications and context providers. In particular, in pervasive environments, the design of distributed storage, retrieval and propagation mechanisms of context information across domains is vital. In this paper, we propose a domain-based approach to address the requirements of scalable distributed context management, cross-domain efficient context information dissemination and domain-based privacy policy enforcement. We propose infinitum, a middleware architecture that incorporates the management and communication benefits of the Google Wave Federation Protocol, while also taking advantage of the semantic and inference benefits of ontology-based context models. This architecture establishes a robust cross-domain scalable context management and collaboration framework, which has been implemented and evaluated in a real-life application of “SMART University” to support virtual team collaboration.     

CRBAC: Imposing multi-grained constraints on the RBAC model in the multi-application environment

Interactions between resources as well as services are one of the fundamental characteristics in the distributed multi-application environments. In such environments, attribute-based access control (ABAC) mechanisms are gaining in popularity while the role-based access control (RBAC) mechanism is widely accepted as a general mechanism for authorization management. This paper proposes a new access control model, CRBAC, which aims to combine the advantages of RBAC and ABAC, and integrates all kinds of constraints into the RBAC model. Unlike other work in this area, which only incorporates one or a few particular attribute constraints into RBAC, this paper analyses and abstracts the generic properties of the attribute constraints imposed on authorization systems. Based on these analyses and generalization, two constraints templates are presented, called authorization mapping constraint template and behaviour constraint template. The former template is able to automate the user-role and role-permission mapping, while the latter is used to restrict the behaviours of the authorization entities. The attribute constraints are classified into these two templates. Moreover, the state mechanism is introduced to build up the constraints among the statuses of the entities, and reflect the outcomes of the authorization control as well. Based on the presented templates and the state mechanism, the execution model is developed. A use case is proposed to show the authorization process of our proposed model. The extensive analyses are conducted to show its multi-grained constraints by comparing with other models.     

Beyond concern: a privacy–trust–behavioral intention model of electronic commerce

Despite the recent economic downturn in the Internet and telecommunication sectors, electronic commerce (EC) will continue to grow and corporate Web sites will remain an important communication channel. However, legitimate concerns regarding privacy and trust remain potential obstacles to growth and important issues to both individuals and organizations. This study proposed and tested a theoretical model that considers an individual’s perceptions of privacy and how it relates to his or her behavioral intention to make an online transaction. An experiment that included over 200 subjects was conducted using two EC sites that differed only by the privacy dimensions of their notice, access, choice, and security. The results of this study suggested strong support for the model.     

Beyond concern—a privacy-trust-behavioral intention model of electronic commerce

Despite the recent economic downturn in the Internet and telecommunication sectors, electronic commerce (EC) will continue to grow and corporate Web sites will remain an important communication channel. However, legitimate concerns regarding privacy and trust remain potential obstacles to growth and important issues to both individuals and organizations. This study proposed and tested a theoretical model that considers an individual’s perceptions of privacy and how it relates to his or her behavioral intention to make an online transaction. An experiment that included over 200 subjects was conducted using two EC sites that differed only by the privacy dimensions of their notice, access, choice, and security. The results of this study suggested strong support for the model.     

Beyond concern: a privacy–trust–behavioral intention model of electronic commerce

Despite the recent economic downturn in the Internet and telecommunication sectors, electronic commerce (EC) will continue to grow and corporate Web sites will remain an important communication channel. However, legitimate concerns regarding privacy and trust remain potential obstacles to growth and important issues to both individuals and organizations. This study proposed and tested a theoretical model that considers an individual’s perceptions of privacy and how it relates to his or her behavioral intention to make an online transaction. An experiment that included over 200 subjects was conducted using two EC sites that differed only by the privacy dimensions of their notice, access, choice, and security. The results of this study suggested strong support for the model.     

一种分布式环境下陌生实体访问控制模型

利用安全Cookie和加密技术对带证据的认证模型PCA(Proof-carrying Authorization)进行了改进,提高了模型的安全性和实用性,并首次将模型应用到分布式环境下陌生实体之间的访问控制.通过对参与访问控制实体的属性和网络环境属性的认证,实现了分布式访问控制系统中陌生实体之间信任的建立,解决了系统中访问控制安全策略有局限性、交互性差的问题.该模型适用于P2P网络和网格等大型分布式网络环境.