甲异羟肟酸-硝酸辐解产生的H2和CO

甲异羟肟酸(FHA)是有望用于乏燃料后处理的新型无盐络合剂.用5(A)分子筛填充柱与热导池检测器(TCD)联用的气相色谱法研究了HNO_3-0.2 mol/L FHA辐解产生的H_2和CO.H_2的分析是以Ar作载气,柱温为85 ℃,TCD温度为120 ℃; CO的分析是以H_2作载气,柱温为50 ℃, TCD温度为80 ℃.研究结果表明,H_2的体积分数随剂量的增加而增大,随HNO_3浓度的增大而减小;CO只有在剂量很高时才产生,且其体积分数远比H_2低,CO的体积分数随剂量的增加而增加.当c(HNO_3)≤0.5 mol/L时,CO体积分数低于0.2 mol/L FHA水溶液辐解产生的CO,但当c(HNO_3)≥1.0 mol/L时,CO的体积分数大于0.2 mol/L FHA水溶液辐解产生的CO, 且CO体积分数随c(HNO_3)的增大而增大.     

Pt-SDB憎水催化剂氢-水液相催化交换工艺研究

研究了以贵金属铂为活性成分、聚苯乙烯 二乙烯基苯为载体的憎水催化剂Pt SDB的氢 水液相催化交换工艺条件 ,讨论了催化剂与亲水填料在催化反应床中的填装方式、填装比例以及反应温度、交换方式等工艺条件对氢 水催化交换反应总体积传质系数的影响。结果表明 :催化剂与填料混合填装时体积比 1∶1和分层有序填装时体积比 1∶4的效果最佳 ,总体积传质系数随反应温度升高而提高 ,交换反应温度以 60℃为宜     

N-琥珀酰亚胺-4-~(18)F(氟甲基)苯甲酸酯的合成

合成了^18F标记蛋白常用中间体N-琥珀酰亚胺-4-^18F（氟甲基）苯甲酸酯（^18F-SFMB），用操作简单的Sep-Pak硅胶柱代替了繁琐耗时的HPLC分离。探讨了反应溶剂、温度、K/222与K2CO3的摩尔比及反应时间等诸因素对^18F-SFMB放化合成的影响。得出较佳标记条件：以无水乙腈为溶剂，K/222与K2CO3摩尔比为1，80℃下反应5min，标记率为57%，比文献值提高了3倍以上。对IgG进行了标记，在室温下反应15min，标记率可达88%。     

6Li2CO3稳定同位素示踪剂制备研究

利用6^Li2CO3为原料，通过复分解反应，在优化反应物浓度、组成配比、反应温度、反应时间、陈化时间等实验条件的基础上，制备了0．5μm左右的球形6^Li2CO3稳定同位素示踪剂，并用傅立叶红外光谱、X射线衍射、扫描电镜对6^Li2CO3示踪剂粒子进行了表征。     

弥散型燃料芯体结构的蒙特卡罗模拟(英文)

在研究堆中的辐照条件下，U3Si2-Al 弥散型燃料的燃料颗粒和基体界面发生相互扩散。由于相互扩散反应,在每个 U3Si2颗粒的周围形成 U3Al7Si2反应层。反应层厚度随辐照时间和裂变密度而增加。反应层的形成造成了 U3Si2燃料和铝基体的消耗。该过程导致燃料芯体几何结构的演化。根据弥散体中燃料的随机分布特点,作者采用蒙特卡罗方法发展了燃料芯体结构演化的模拟方法。每个颗粒的特性都可以用直径和位置来表示。芯体结构参数包括颗粒尺寸分布、制造状态下的燃料体积分数、反应层厚度、反应层体积、U3Si2燃料体积分数、铝体积分数、接触几率和颗粒相互连接分数。特别是对于制造状态下的燃料体积分数为 43%时,颗粒尺寸较好地服从正态分布。模拟了在 6 mm×6 mm×0.5 mm 的芯体体积中 13 000 个抽样颗粒的情况下,各芯体结构参数随反应层厚度从 0～16 μm 变化时的函数变化情况。     

超临界水氧化处理核电站废阴离子交换树脂研究

在间歇式超临界水氧化(SCWO)设备中,对粉碎处理后的阴离子交换树脂水悬浮液在超临界条件下进行了氧化降解处理。实验研究了反应温度、反应压力、反应时间、过氧系数对COD去除率的影响,同时考察了催化剂种类、反应压力和反应温度对氨氮去除率的影响。通过正交试验,得到主要因素对处理效果影响的显著程度排序为:反应温度>反应压力>反应时间>过氧系数。结果表明:在反应温度540 ℃、反应压力26 MPa、反应时间8 min、过氧系数3的条件下,COD去除率为99.65%。针对阴离子树脂中NH₃-N含量高难以去除的问题,选用不同的催化剂CuSO₄、MnO₂、CeO₂添加到反应体系中,结果表明对NH₃-N的氧化效果顺序为CuSO₄>CeO₂>MnO₂,对NH₃-N的最高降解率达到96.53%。     

反加料方式制备AUC的工艺研究

介绍了用NH3和CO2气作为沉淀剂,以反加料方式制备(NH4)4[UO2(CO3)3](AUC)的工艺研究.具体研究了反应温度、料液铀浓度、UF6水解液的加入速度等参数对反加料工艺制备AUC晶体的影响.试验表明:控制反应温度在60～70℃、料液铀浓度在200g/L、UF6水解液流量在40 L/h的条件下制得的AUC晶体氟含量低于1000 μg/g,松装密度在0.8g/cm3～1.0g/cm3之间,具有很好的流动性.     

Rituximab的碘标记方法及其在正常小鼠体内的生物分布

采用N-溴代琥珀酰亚胺(NBS)方法对Rituximab(美罗华)进行标记,并优化标记条件。系统考察了反应时间、NBS用量、反应温度、反应体积、pH值及KI的加入等条件对125I-Rituximab标记率的影响,用ITLC-SG测定标记率和放化纯度。确定最佳条件为:反应时间2～3 min、pH 7.0、室温、反应体积80μL为反应最优条件。在最佳条件下,5次标记实验标记物的放化纯度为93.9%±1.6%。采用体外结合实验测定储存不同时间131I-Rituximab的免疫活性,结果表明随着131I-Rituximab储存时间的增加免疫活性下降。正常小鼠静脉注射131I-Rituximab后体内分布显示血液中放射性分布较高,并可持续6 d,表明131I-Rituximab体内稳定。异常毒性实验结果表明131I-Rituximab毒性低。     

少根根霉吸附~(241)Am的研究

研究了各种实验条件对少根根霉吸附^241Am的影响。结果表明：常温下，当^241Am起始浓度为5．6－111MBq/L，pH＝1－3，干少根根霉与水相体积比为1．3g/L时，吸附量为4．2－79．4MBq/g，吸附率达99％左右，吸附在1h左右达到平衡。反应温度在10－45℃之间变化对吸附影响不大。pH＝1－3时，吸附率最大。干少根根霉与水相体积比为0．2－2．5g/L时，对吸附率影响不大。^241Am液相浓度与吸附量符合Freundlich经验公式。2000多倍的金、银存在时，对少根根霉吸附无明显影响。     

含网状Mo沉淀的UO2小球的制作方法和热传导率的评估

将3wt％或5wt％（质量分数）的MoO3粉末与UO2小球混合，在CO2／CO比率为19：1的条件下烧结，然后在H2中退火，能够得到含网状Mo沉淀的UO2小球。通过激光闪射方法测量了UO2和含网状Mo沉淀的UO2小球在298K-1673K范围内的热扩散率，通过测得的热扩散率、样品的密度和已知的热容数据可以计算得到其热传导率。在温度高达1673K的过程中，UO2和含网状Mo沉淀的UO2的热传导率和温度的关系与传导率方程：K=9（A＋bt）^-1符合较好。含网状Mo沉淀UO2的热传导率高于纯UO2的热传导率。     

Identification of radiation treatment of wheat （Triticum aestivum. L）and rice （Oryza sativa. L） samples using thermoluminescence of contaminating minerals

Food irradiation is gaining popularity worldwide and this technology is important to improve quality and reduce the post harvest losses of food. Because of the rapid commercialization of irradiated foods throughout the world, compliance of different regulations relating to use of technology in different countries and demand of consumers for clear labelling of irradiated foods, there is need for the development of analytical methods to detect radiation treatment of food. Among several methods studied so far, thermoluminescence （TL） is an important method that can be used to find out the irradiation history of food that contain even a very minute amount of dust particles. In this study, the irradiated and unirradiated wheat and rice samples were analyzed using the TL method. The samples were purchased from the local market of Peshawar and irradiated to radiation doses of 0.5 and 1.0 kGy using Co-60 gamma irradiator at the Nuclear Institute for Food and Agriculture （NIFA）, Peshawar. The mineral contaminants were isolated by jet water, ultrasonic treatment, and density gradient. TL glow curves of the isolated minerals from irradiated and unirradiated samples were recorded between the temperature ranges of 50-500℃ using a TL reader. Generally, the glow curves for irradiated samples showed much higher TL intensities （TL1） than the unirradiated samples. The results were normalized by rerradiation of mineral samples to gamma-ray dose of 1.0 kGy followed by determination of the second glow curves （TL2）. The ratio of the area of first glow curve to that of second glow curve （TL1/TL2） was calculated for selected temperature intervals and compared with the recommended values for unirradiated and irradiated samples. Finally, the shapes of the glow curves for irradiated and unirradiated samples were also analyzed. On the basis of these results （comparison of TL-intensities, TL1/TL2 ratios and shapes of the glow curves）, all the irradiated and unirradiated samples of wheat and rice were unequivocally identified.     

有效探测面积大于1000 cm2的正比计数器测量系统性能测试

为对自制的活性面积高达1 000 cm²的大面积源进行表面发射率定值,同时作为现有2πα、2πβ表面发射率标准装置能力的扩充,研制了一套内置式大面积2π多丝正比计数器测量系统,并利用活性区直径为8 mm的²⁴¹Am点源及活性区面积为10 cm×15 cm的大面积²⁴¹Am和⁹⁰Sr-⁹⁰Y源对其进行计量学性能测试。结果表明：计数器内计数响应均匀性优于±0.4%,有效探测面积达1 400 cm²;所得²⁴¹Am源高压坪曲线的坪长为1 400 V,坪斜为0.27%/100 V,坪区内计数变化为0.87%;⁹⁰Sr-⁹⁰Y源高压坪曲线的坪长为300 V,坪斜为0.75%/100 V,坪区内计数变化为0.80%;10次测量重复性好于0.4%,8 h内短期稳定性好于0.3%,1 a内长期稳定性好于0.8%。     

Preparation of Zn/TiO2 powder and its photocatalytic performance for oxidation of P-nitrophenol

Zn-doped TiO2 catalysts were prepared using a sol-gel method and characterized by XPS,UV-Vis, BET, XRD in this study. Under the irradiation of simulant sunlight, the photocatalytic activity for the degradation of p-nitrophenol was studied too. After irradiation for 2.5 h, the degradation percentage of p-nitrophenol could rise to more than 80 %. The results showed that the spectrum absorption band edge of Zn/TiO2 powder does not broaden obviously comparing with pure TiO2 powder. Zinc exists as Zn （11）. When calcined at 973 K, there is a new phase as ZnTiO3 in Zn/TiO2 catalyst. The order of photocatalytic activity of Zn/TiO2 catalysts calcined at different temperatures for p-nitrophenol is 773 K 〉 673 K 〉 873 K 〉 573 K 〉 973 K and the photocatalytic activity of Zn/TiO2 catalyst calcined at 773 K is better than TiO2 catalysts heated at the same temperature, and outclasses that of commercial TiO2 catalyst. It also showed that the photocatalytic degradation of p-nitrophenol follows first-order kinetics under the irradiation of simulant sunlight.     

Current status of radiation therapy for prostate cancer

Radiotherapy for the treatment of prostate cancer has been extensively explored in the past. Along with the comprehensive understanding of the biology of prostate cancer and rapid advances in terms of technology, the out- come of treatment for the patients with prostate cancer has improved. The authors review radiotherapy as the primary treatment for the disease, with particular emphasis on the technological advances from both the radiobiological and radiophysics aspects. Nonconventional fractionated irradiation like hyper- or hypo-fractionation has been imple- mented in the clinic, the final results still need to be confirmed in the future. Technological advances like IMRT, IGRT, in the last two decades have significantly improved the delivery of external radiotherapy to the prostate. This has re- sulted in an overall increase in the total dose that can be safely delivered to the prostate, which has led to modest im- provements in the biochemical outcome. However, establishing the standard therapy for prostate cancer remains con- troversial. It is hoped that the next decades will bring continued advances in the development of biologicals that will further improve current clinical outcomes.     

The control system for SSRF injection and extraction

This paper introduces the injection and extraction control system design for SSRF,which is a distributed control system aimed at stability and reliability of the pulse power supplies,PPS(Personnel Protection System)and MPS(Machine Protection System).The hardware environment is mainly based on PLC(Programmable Logic Con- troller),and ARM(Advanced RISC Machine)is also applied for studying stability of the power supplies.WinCC and EPICS(Experimental Physics and Industrial Control System)have been selected as the platforms of SCADA(Super- visory Control and Data Acquisition).For unifying the interfacing to the control computer,all front-end equipments are connected via Industrial Ethemet.     

Interaction between uranium and humic acid (Ⅰ): Adsorption behaviors of U(Ⅵ) in soil humic acids

The adsorption behaviors of uranium on three soil humic acids (HAs), which were extracted from soils of different depths at the same site, were investigated under various experimental conditions. The adsorption results showed that U(Ⅵ) in solutions can be adsorbed by the three soil HAs, with the order of FHA (HA from 5 m depth of soil) ＞SHA (HA from the surface) ＞THA (HA from 10 m depth of soil) for adsorption efficiency in each desirable condition, and the adsorption reached equilibrium in about 240 min. Although the maximum adsorption efficiency was adsorption could be described with Langmiur isotherm or Freundlich isotherm equation. The L/S (liquid/solid, mL/g)ratio and pH were important factors influencing the adsorption in our adsorption system besides uranium concentration. The adsorption efficiency decreased with the increase of the L/S ratio and pH at the pH range of 2.0-3.0 for SHA and THA or 2.5 - 6.0 for FHA. However, no significant difference in adsorption of U(Ⅵ) was observed at the experimental temperature. All the results implied that humic substances have different characteristics in samples even collected at the same site.     

水平管内含空气蒸汽强制对流冷凝换热模型研究

为研究含空气蒸汽在水平管内强制对流冷凝换热特性,基于对传热传质过程的分析,建立了管内为环状流与波状流条件下的流动冷凝换热模型。从潜热、显热和液膜3个环节对整个换热过程进行建模,最终得到计算局部冷凝换热系数的理论关系式。模型预测结果与实验数据的对比表明,二者相对偏差在±20%以内,验证了该换热模型的准确性与适用性。通过进一步的研究发现：从换热管入口至出口,随着冷凝的进行,管内换热主要热阻由液膜热阻向气液界面的凝结热阻转变;主流气体对流换热过程基本可忽略。     

Information for authors

<正>1.NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND TECHNIQUES(NST),a bimonthly journal,is devoted to all aspects of nuclear science and technology,theoretical or experimental.Its special interest lies in the subjects of synchrotron radiation science and technology;low energy accelerators,radiation technology and applications;radiochemistry,radiopharmaceuticals and nuclear medicine;nuclear electronics and instrumen-     

PLASMA SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY AUTHOR INDEX TO VOLUME 16(2014)

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Web Services interface of SSRF archive data analysis system

Accelerator database stores various static parameters and real-time data of accelerator. SSRF (Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility) adopts relational database to save the data. We developed a data retrieval system based on XML Web Services for accessing the archive data. It includes a bottom layer interface and an interface applicable for accelerator physics. Client samples exemplifying how to consume the interface are given. The users can browse, retrieve and plot data by the client samples. Also, we give a method to test its stability. The test result and performance are described.