SCM435冷镦钢镦头开裂原因分析

使用SCM435冷镦钢盘条镦制螺钉过程中部分螺钉头部出现开裂.对开裂试样进行各种理化试验分析,最终确认螺钉头部开裂的主要原因是材料内部近表面区域存在大尺寸夹渣,次要原因是材料表面存在裂纹,两者共同作用最终导致螺钉镦头开裂.     

钻杆接头开裂机理研究

通过金相显微镜、扫描电镜观察和能谱分析,对NC50钻杆接头产品开裂机理进行研究.裂纹形貌分析表明,产品裂纹从外壁开始起裂向内壁扩展,裂纹距离外壁深度13.7 mm,主裂纹与外壁保持垂直;微观分析表明,裂纹起裂点附近存在链状分布的Al2O3和钙铝硅酸盐,裂纹末端存在氧化层.结果表明,NC50钻杆接头开裂属于冷速过快的淬火开裂,调制热处理过程中淬火介质使用不当,使得淬火冷却速度过快,产品在外壁产生应力集中而开裂;产品坯料在外壁附近存在Al2O3和钙铝硅酸盐等夹杂物,降低了产品外壁承载能力,促进了淬火裂纹的生成.     

裂解炉减温器及超高压蒸汽管线损坏分析及对策

介绍了大庆石化公司化工一厂的裂解炉减温器及出入口超高压蒸汽管线泄漏问题,通过失效分析认为,蒸汽管线开裂的失效性质可以确定为脆性延迟断裂类型中的热疲劳,造成管体开裂的原因为管内温度波动产生的交变热应力,锅炉给水调节阀不能按预期特性曲线工作,其波动是导致交变热应力产生的直接原因,管体内壁的原始加工沟痕是裂纹萌生的内在因素,加速了泄漏的发生。采取更换装置管线及恢复原设计方案可解决此问题。     

09CuPTiRE尖角矩管裂缝原因分析

对０９ＣｕＰＴｉＲＥ尖角矩管裂缝进行了分析，结果表明，矩管内壁存在较深的微裂纹及晶界上存在磷的偏析是导致管子焊后开裂的主要原因。提出了预防措施。     

20CrMnTi模锻偏心凸轮表面开裂分析

对低合金渗碳结构钢20CrMnTi偏心轮表面出现裂纹原因进行了分析,采用扫描电子显微镜及金相显微镜进行观察,判断模锻工件表面裂纹属于金属流变胀裂,裂纹部位铁素体和马氏体共存,为α+γ两相区形变,硬质铁素体与软质奥氏体塑性差异导致开裂。分析表明,模锻温度低于Ar3温度是引起工件开裂的主要原因。     

NM450钢板折弯开裂原因分析

NM450钢在使用过程中的折弯开裂是影响其使用效率的主要因素之一。通过对开裂处取样,结合金相组织检验、扫描电镜、能谱分析和硬度检测结果,对开裂原因进行分析研究。研究结果表明,Mn、P等元素的偏析导致其组织结构上存在差异,从而在不同组织结合处产生裂纹源引起开裂;在裂纹处存在TiN和MnS夹杂聚集。MnS夹杂的聚集导致材料受机械应力影响沿夹杂物聚集的方向开裂,而TiN夹杂的聚集造成在折弯过程中应力微裂纹出现,进一步促进折弯开裂的出现。     

一批TA1焊管水压试验开裂成因的分析

某司一批规格为φ55x0.5mm的TA1焊管，在进行水压试验时发生开裂。对此情形，采取宏观分析、显微组织分析、断口形貌分析及显微维氏硬度测试，对该批次TA1焊管的失效模式及开裂原因进行分析。结果表明：两件管件裂纹均产生于管材表面焊缝区域；焊缝区与母材区晶粒尺寸差明显，且焊缝熔合线不清晰，存在混晶现象；热影响区、焊缝区与基体区硬度值存在差异，导致其性能不均性增加，在后续试验中导致其失效开裂。     

奥氏体耐热钢 HP40 离心铸造辐射管的失效分析

HP40钢(%:0.35～0.45C、24～27Cr、34～37Ni、≤0.5Mo)辐射管在≤980℃服役2年9个月后开裂失效.分析结果表明,服役过程σ-相的析出导致材料脆化是辐射管开裂的主要原因,开裂区服役温度高于未开裂区,开裂区析出σ-相粗大、数量增多、塑韧性显著降低,致使该区开裂失效.     

316L不锈钢换热器的失效原因分析

利用化学法、金相法、SEM和EDX等方法,分析了苯酚中间再沸器316L不锈钢换热器管束和筒体失效材料的化学成分、显微组织、夹杂物水平、腐蚀产物的成分和裂纹形貌等.结果表明316L不锈钢的化学成分、显微组织和夹杂物都符合标准,换热器管束和筒体失效的主要原因是Cl-诱导的应力腐蚀开裂,此外,苯酚在裂纹处的结晶与溶解加速了应力腐蚀裂纹的扩展.针对上述应力腐蚀问题提出了相应的改进措施.     

失效F51球阀阀体表面硬质涂层研究

利用光学显微镜、扫描电镜、原子吸收光谱和显微硬度仪等,研究了失效的F51合金球阀阀体的基体组织和阀体表面硬质涂层的微观结构。研究发现,F51球阀失效的主要原因是其硬质涂层中存在尺寸较大和数量较多的疏松,导致涂层整体硬度显著降低,过早失效。     

转炉炉壳热应力分析

根据实际转炉建立实体模型。以有限元为手段,考虑了炉衬和炉壳材料的物性参数随温度变化的特点和炉衬与炉壳之间膨胀间隙,计算了转炉炉壳在温度载荷和炉衬膨胀压力同时作用下的热应力。所得结果可为转炉炉壳设计提供依据。     

The effect of amount of possession of the trait of hostility on accuracy of perception of hostility in others.

Some theories of personality hold that an individual's perception of others is influenced by his own personality characteristics; more specifically, that a trait of low social value will be projected more into others, and that insight into the possession of these characteristics reduces this distortion. These 2 hypotheses were tested by having a group of college students rate each other (including themselves) on degree of friendliness or hostility. Agreement with group rating about self yielded the insight score. In general, the hypotheses were supported; the "friendly" Ss were most accurate in their perception of others, and insight was positively associated with accurate perception. From Psyc Abstracts 36:04:4HL16M. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Comparison of rates of infection of two methods of emergency ventricular drainage

The rates of infection of two methods of external ventricular drainage in use at Atkinson Morley's Hospital--namely, (a) percutaneous drainage with Rickham reservoirs and (b) tunnelled ventriculostomies--were compared in this retrospective review. Percutaneous drainage of CSF with Rickham reservoirs was associated with a 27% rate of infection as identified by positive microbiological cultures; tunnelled ventriculostomy catheters had a 10% infection rate. The difference in the infection rate between the two methods was statistically significant (P < 0.015). Other variables examined, including the age and sex of the patients and the reasons for ventricular drainage, were not associated with an increased rate of infection. Most infections from either method were caused by a coagulase negative staphylococcus. The average duration of ventricular drainage before identification of positive cultures was 5.7 days for Rickham reservoirs and 6.0 days for ventriculostomies.     

浅析《野草》的版画特征

鲁迅先生一生热爱美术作品,对版画中木刻兴趣尤甚.<野草>作为其"写心之作",亦呈现出一些与木刻版画一致的审美特征:一是具有木刻版画的色彩特征,多对比、多冷色,有阴郁的美感;二是具有木刻版画的力度特征,环境描写、人物刻画处处刀锋毕现,遒劲有力,有一种"力之美".     

四辊破碎机车刀架的改造

针对四辊破碎机车刀架车削中存在的几个问题,详细介绍了电动车刀架的结构和工作原理,建立主要设计参数的数学表达式,并进行适当的分析。改造后,这种电动车刀架运行平稳、可靠、方便、省力,取得了预期的效果。     

Results of treatment of cancer of the cardia

Cancer of the cardia is traditionally discussed with cardiac cancer of the lower portion of the esophagus and upper gastric cancer invading the esophagus, and the specific characteristics of cancer of the cardia have never been clearly defined. We reviewed the outcome of 172 patients with adenocarcinoma of the cardia who had undergone radical surgery between 1949 and 1994 in the Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery of the Cancer Institute Hospital. The centers of the tumors were located within 2 cm above and below the boundary between the esophagus and the stomach, and their longitudinal diameter was less than 8 cm. We divided the patients into an early period (1949-1979; n = 79) and a late period (1980-1994; n = 93), and focused on the historical transition. There were no differences in patient gender or histology between the two periods. However, the late period was associated with fewer cases of esophageal invasion and shorter longitudinal diameter, as the age of the population advanced. The number of advanced cancers such as the localized and infiltrative type had decreased, and early cancer and early clinical stage had become more common, but despite the fact that the number of early cancers had increased, extended dissection, such as thoracic and paraaortic lymph node dissection, was performed more frequently. By clinical stage, the long-term outcome markedly improved in Stage I patient in the late period, and tended to improve in Stage II and III patients. This appears to have been attributable to the prevention of micrometastasis by extended dissection, although the number of early cancers is another major potential cause. There were no differences in the outcome of Stage IV patients between the two periods, and further advances in multimodality therapy must be awaited. The range of resection is basically proximal gastrectomy, and if there are adequate indications, the prognosis is favorable. In view of the status of lymphatic flow and lymph node metastasis, and long-term results, lateroaortic lymph node dissection is important. Since the number of early cancer patients has been increasing, if intraabdominal recurrence is prevented, intrathoracic lymph node dissection will contribute greatly to the outcome of such patients.     

焦炭热性能指标意义浅析

通过对焦炭在高炉内的历程及其变化规律的剖析,阐述焦炭热性能指标的意义,形象地把焦炭在高炉内的损耗分为三部分(M1,M2,M3)。指出M2对焦比及焦炭价格有一定的指导作用。     

Comparison of the results of surgical and conservative treatment of fractures of the diaphysis of the tibia

In this paper is treated the fundamental problematic of the fracture of the diaphysis of the tibia and the therapeutic results after the conservative and operative treatment are confronted. Among 518 patients with 433 open fractures and 35 with closed fractures of the diaphysis of the tibia, successful treatment of more 2/3 was obtained in the period from 1968 to 1972. Following our casuistics and literature, whose results are similar, we find out that the average total treatment of the osteosynthesis of the fracture of the diaphysis was shortened for 2,5 months depending upon the type and the localisation of the fracture. Apolied methods of the operative and conservative and conservative treatment in relation to the velocity of the medical cure as well as to the extreme anatomical-functional results are analised. We noticed that osteosynthesis, made by the intermedullary nail and the extension of the canals or by a small AO table, by the achieved stability makes conditions of immediate motions and an early rehabilitation. Because of that it gives the best functional results.