纤维表面原位化学氧化聚合制备复合导电可纺纤维

采用原位化学氧化聚合方法在纤维(聚丙烯腈、蚕丝蛋白)表面生长导电聚合物(聚苯胺、聚吡咯和聚3,4-乙撑二氧噻吩),制备得到纤维表面均匀覆盖导电聚合物的复合导电可纺纤维,其电导率随不同的纤维、不同的导电聚合物而处于10-1～10-3S/cm.纤维表面与导电聚合物的相互作用改善了原纤维的耐热性能,但对其力学性能没有造成伤害.     

聚噻吩/活性炭复合材料作为超级电容器电极材料的电性能

采用原位聚合的方法在活性炭表面引发噻吩聚合,制备不同配比的聚噻吩/活性炭复合材料作为超级电容器电极材料,并研究了不同配比对材料电性能及结构的影响.采用傅里叶红外光谱及场发射扫描电镜研究了材料的化学结构及表面形态.采用循环伏安,恒流充放电等方法评价了材料电性能.结果表明,当活性炭与噻吩的摩尔比为10:1时,复合材料呈蓬松...     

聚噻吩/碳纳米管复合材料的制备与性能研究

利用原位化学氧化聚合法将噻吩单体原位聚合包覆在碳纳米管上,制备出聚噻吩/碳纳米管(PTh/CNT)复合材料,并对其形貌、结构、电性能和热稳定性等进行了初步的研究.研究结果表明聚噻吩包覆在碳纳米管上形成以碳纳米管为核,以聚噻吩为壳的核壳纳米线结构.加入少量的碳纳米管就能显著改善导电聚合物的电性能和热性能.碳纳米管的加入没有改变聚噻吩的主链结构,对聚噻吩的结晶状况也没有产生很大的影响.     

新型锡/碳复合材料的制备及其用于锂离子电池负极材料的研究

以煤焦油和SnCl2为原料,采用液相分散和碳热还原的方法制备了一种新型的锡/碳(Sn/C)复合材料.采用XRD、SEM及TEM手段对复合材料进行了结构表征,并对材料的电化学性能进行了检测.结果表明,金属锡以200nm大小的颗粒分散在碳材料中,复合材料的首次放电容量在371mAh·g-1,循环50次后比容量维持在305mAh·g-1以上,具有优异的循环性能.     

聚3,4-乙烯二氧噻吩的化学氧化条件及性能EI北大核心CSCD

聚3,4-乙烯二氧噻吩(PEDOT)的原位氧化聚合目前被广泛应用于复合功能材料的制备,而如何优化PEDOT的氧化聚合条件使其原位生长后材料的电导率提高成为研究的一大重要方向。文中采用化学氧化聚合法,以九水合硝酸铁(Fe(NO_(3))_(3)·9H_(2)O)为氧化剂合成了导电聚合物PEDOT,研究了掺杂剂种类、聚合温度、单体浓度、单体与氧化剂比例对聚合得到的PEDOT链结构和导电率的影响。研究结果表明,在水作为反应溶剂,九水合硝酸铁为氧化剂的条件下,在60℃反应时间4 h,单体浓度7 g/L,单体与氧化剂的摩尔比为1∶1时,聚合得到的PEDOT电导率最高。     

聚合工艺对聚噻吩固体片式铝电解电容器的影响

采用导电高分子材料聚(3,4-乙撑二氧噻吩)(PEDT)制备固体片式铝电解电容器,主要探索了化学聚合工艺对聚噻吩固体片式铝电解电容器性能的影响.结果表明,低的聚合溶液浓度可以提高所制备电容器的容量、降低损耗和等效串联电阻(ESR),但需要增加聚合次数以获得所需厚度的PEDT膜;化学聚合过程中烘干温度为40℃并进行适当次数的清洗,其所制备的产品容量较高,损耗较小,ESR低;增加聚噻吩的化学聚合次数可以提高电容器的容量引出水平,并降低损耗和ESR.     

聚噻吩插层钽钛酸钾导电聚合物纳米复合材料的制备与研究

采用原位聚合的方法制备了聚噻吩插层钽钛酸钾导电聚合物纳米复合材料,通过X射线衍射(XRD)、红外光谱(IR)、热重分析(TG)和电化学等手段对复合材料进行了研究。研究结果表明:噻吩单体成功进入到钽钛酸钾层中并引发了聚合,所制备的PTH-TiTaO5复合材料具有高的热稳定性和双电层电容器特征,具有潜在应用的价值。     

导电聚噻吩作为超级电容器电极材料的研究进展

作为超级电容器的电极材料,导电聚合物具有成本低、容量高、快速充放电和安全性高等优点。聚噻吩是其中一类重要的聚合物。综述了近年来噻吩聚合物及其与无机材料复合的电极材料应用于超级电容器中的研究进展,并指出具有p型和n型掺杂的噻吩聚合物及其复合材料是聚合物超级电容器电极材料的发展方向。     

碳包覆磷酸铁锂二次介孔微球的制备及其电化学性能

为提高磷酸铁锂的比容量和振实密度,采用简单易控制的水热法,以廉价的三价铁盐为铁源,制备具有碳包覆的二次介孔磷酸铁锂微球材料。应用X射线衍射和扫描电镜研究了二次介孔微球的微观结构和形貌。这种独特的等级结构微球能够紧密堆积,具有较高的振实密度,同时介孔有助于电解液进入微米球内部,利于电解液与活性物质的充分接触,从而使得材料表现出较好的电化学性能,在1C、5C、10C和20C时的比容量分别是137mAh.g-1、118mAh.g-1、109mAh.g-1和102mAh.g-1。     

新型碳热还原法制备LiFePO4/C复合材料及其性能研究

以葡萄糖为碳源,采用一种新的碳热还原法制备LiFePO4／C正极材料．采用TG-DTA、XRD、TEM等手段对前驱体及产物进行了表征,研究了碳热还原的反应历程,测试了样品的电化学性能．结果表明,该碳热还原法可以降低煅烧温度．600℃烧结24h的样品在0．05C下首次放电容量达156mAh·g-1,在0．1、0．2、0．5、1C下首次放电容量分别为146、135、130、121mAh·g-1．该样品在1C下经过30次循环,容量还保持为119mAh·g-1,衰减仅为1．65％．     

基于Fe/Co-MOF制备的高性能镍铁电池铁电极及其电化学性能

铁电极是构筑高性能镍铁电池的关键。本文报道了一种基于Fe/Co-MOF制备镍铁电池铁电极的新思路,并系统研究了该材料的电化学性能。XRD、SEM和HRTEM等结果表明,Fe/Co-MOF烧结产物以八面体颗粒为主,主要由Fe_3O_4相及少量Fe-Co合金构成。作为镍铁电池的阳极时,相比于未加入Co的材料,目标材料的电化学性能得到了明显改善。Fe/Co-MOF烧结产物的放电平台稳定在1.18V,比Fe-MOF烧结产物的放电平台(1.10V)高约0.08V。尽管Fe/Co-MOF烧结产物在前10次循环出现了明显的容量衰减,但之后保持了较好的循环稳定性能,在1.0A·g-1电流密度下循环90次后比容量稳定在233.1mAh·g-1,而Fe-MOF烧结后产物的比容量仅为181.2mAh·g-1。交流阻抗结果显示Fe/Co-MOF烧结产物表现出更低的电荷传递阻抗。     

Nickel embedded porous macrocellular carbon derived from popcorn as sulfur host for high-performance lithium-sulfur batteries

Due to the demands for high performance and ecological and economical alternatives to conventional lithium-ion batteries (LiBs),the development of lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries with remarkably higher theoretical capacity (1675 mA h g-1) has become one of the extensive research focus directions world-wide.However,poor conductivity of sulfur,critical cyclability problems due to shuttle of polysulfides as intermediate products of the cathodic reaction,and large volume variation of the sulfur composite cathode upon operation are the major bottlenecks impeding the implementation of the next-generation Li-S batteries.In this work,a unique three-dimensional (3D) interconnected macrocellular porous carbon (PC) architecture decorated with metal Ni nanopatticles was synthesized by a simple and facile strategy.The as-fabricated Ni/PC composite combines the merits of conducting carbon skeleton and highly adsorptive abilities of Ni,which resulted in efficient trapping of lithium polysulfides (LiPSs) and their fast conversion in the electrochemical process.Owing to these synergistic advantageous features,the composite exhibited good cycling stability (512.3 mA h g-1 after 1000 cycles at 1 C with an extremely low capacity fading rate 0.03 ％ per cycle),and superior rate capability (747.5 mAh g-1 at 2 C).Accordingly,such Ni nanoparticles embedded in a renewable puffed corn-derived carbon prepared via a simple and effective route represent a promising active type of sulfur host matrix to fabricate high-performance Li-S batteries.     

Stabilising Cobalt Sulphide Nanocapsules with Nitrogen-Doped Carbon for High-Performance Sodium-Ion Storage

Conversion-type anode materials with a high charge storage capability generally su er from large volume expansion, poor electron conductivity, and sluggish metal ion transport kinetics. The electrode material described in this paper, namely cobalt sulphide nanoparticles encapsulated in carbon cages(Co9S8@NC), can circumvent these problems. This electrode material exhibited a reversible sodium-ion storage capacity of 705 mAh g^-1 at 100 mA g^-1 with an extraordinary rate capability and good cycling stability. Mechanistic study using the in situ transmission electron microscope technique revealed that the volumetric expansion of the Co9S8 nanoparticles is bu ered by the carbon cages, enabling a stable electrode–electrolyte interface. In addition, the carbon shell with high-content doped nitrogen significantly enhances the electron conductivity of the Co9S8@NC electrode material and provides doping-induced active sites to accommodate sodium ions. By integrating the Co9S8@NC as negative electrode with a cellulose-derived porous hard carbon/graphene oxide composite as positive electrode and 1 M NaPF6 in diglyme as the electrolyte, the sodium-ion capacitor full cell can achieve energy densities of 101.4 and 45.8 Wh kg^-1 at power densities of 200 and 10,000 W kg^-1, respectively.     

微量CNTs包覆对LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2正极材料电化学性能的影响

利用高温固相法制备LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2正极材料,通过混酸处理和离心过滤CNTs以得到单壁碳纳米管(SWCNTs),再添加分散剂二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)后与LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2混合,利用超声分散与喷雾干燥法将不同量的CNTs均匀包覆在LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2正极材料的表面。CNTs/LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2复合材料通过SEM、XRD以及电化学测试系统进行表征和测试。结果表明CNTs包覆量为0.5%(质量分数)的CNTs/LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2复合材料性能最佳。在0.1,5C下的首次放电比容量分别为215.59,175.78mAh·g^-1。在0.1C下充电、大倍率5C下放电,CNTs/LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2复合材料仍能保持首次放电容量的81.54%,比纯的LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2提高了10.48%。在1C倍率下循环100次其容量保持率可达93.02%,比纯的LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2提升了15.42%。     

Understanding of the capacity contribution of carbon in phosphorus-carbon composites for high-performance anodes in lithium ion batteries

Phosphorus has recently received extensive attention as a promising anode for lithium ion batteries (LIBs) due to its high theoretical capacity of 2,596 mAh·g-1.To develop high-performance phosphorus anodes for LIBs,carbon materials have been hybridized with phosphorus (P-C) to improve dispersion and conductivity.However,the specific capacity,rate capability,and cycling stability of P-C anodes are still less than satisfactory for practical applications.Furthermore,the exact effects of the carbon support on the electrochemical performance of the P-C anodes are not fully understood.Herein,a series of xP-yC anode materials for LIBs were prepared by a simple and efficient ball-milling method.6P-4C and 3P-7C were found to be optimum mass ratios of x/y,and delivered initial discharge capacities of 1,803.5 and 1,585.3.mAh.g-1,respectively,at 0.1 C in the voltage range 0.02-2 V,with an initial capacity retention of 68.3％ over 200 cycles (more than 4 months cycling life) and 40.8％ over 450 cycles.The excellent electrochemical performance of the 6P-4C and 3P-7C samples was attributed to a synergistic effect from both the adsorbed P and carbon.     

PVDF-HFP基凝胶电解质用于LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2三元正极锂离子电池

以聚偏氟乙烯-六氟丙烯(Poly(vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene),PVDF-HFP)为聚合物基体,新戊二醇二丙烯酸酯(Neopentyl glycol diacrylate,NPGDA)为交联剂,在引发剂偶氮二异丁腈(2,2′-Azobis(2-methylpropionitrile),AIBN)的作用下通过室温现场聚合法制备凝胶电解质用于锂离子电池。探索不同质量比PVDF-HFP/NPGDA对凝胶电解质性能和LiNi_(0.5)-Co_(0.2)Mn_(0.3)O_2三元正极锂离子电池性能的影响。结果表明,当质量比为1∶1时,凝胶电解质具有较高的离子电导率,为8.45mS·cm~(-1),锂离子迁移数为0.78,电化学窗口为4.5V。在电流密度30mA·g~(-1)恒流充放电,首次放电比容量为143mAh·g~(-1),循环50次后仍高达135.3mAh·g~(-1)。电流密度为300mA·g~(-1)时,放电比容量为100.2mAh·g~(-1)。     

Interface-modulated fabrication of hierarchical yolk–shell Co<Subscript>3</Subscript>O<Subscript>4</Subscript>/C dodecahedrons as stable anodes for lithium and sodium storage

Transition-metal oxides (TMOs) have gradually attracted attention from researchers as anode materials for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) and sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) because of their high theoretical capacity.However,their poor cycling stability and inferior rate capability resulting from the large volume variation during the lithiation/sodiation process and their low intrinsic electronic conductivity limit their applications.To solve the problems of TMOs,carbon-based metal-oxide composites with complex structures derived from metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have emerged as promising electrode materials for LIBs and SIBs.In this study,we adopted a facile interface-modulated method to synthesize yolk-shell carbon-based Co3O4 dodecahedrons derived from ZIF-67 zeolitic imidazolate frameworks.This strategy is based on the interface separation between the ZIF-67 core and the carbon-based shell during the pyrolysis process.The unique yolk-shell structure effectively accommodates the volume expansion during lithiation or sodiation,and the carbon matrix improves the electrical conductivity of the electrode.As an anode for LIBs,the yolk-shell Co3O4/C dodecahedrons exhibit a high specific capacity and excellent cycling stability (1,100 mAh·g-1 after 120 cycles at 200 mA·g-1).As an anode for SIBs,the composites exhibit an outstanding rate capability (307 mAh·g-1 at 1,000 mA·g-1 and 269 mAh·g-1 at 2,000 mA·g-1).Detailed electrochemical kinetic analysis indicates that the energy storage for Li+ and Na+ in yolk-shell Co3O4/C dodecahedrons shows a dominant capacitive behavior.This work introduces an effective approach for fabricating carbonbased metal-oxide composites by using MOFs as ideal precursors and as electrode materials to enhance the electrochemical performance of LIBs and SIBs.     

Facile Synthesis of FePS3 Nanosheets@MXene Composite as a High-Performance Anode Material for Sodium Storage

Searching for advanced anode materials with excellent electrochemical properties in sodium-ion battery is essential and imperative for next-generation energy storage system to solve the energy shortage problem.In this work,two-dimensional(2D)ultrathin FePS3 nanosheets,a typical ternary metal phosphosulfide,are first prepared by ultrasonic exfoliation.The novel 2D/2D heterojunction of FePS3 nanosheets@MXene composite is then successfully synthesized by in situ mixing ultrathin MXene nanosheets with FePS3 nanosheets.The resultant FePS3 nanosheets@MXene hybrids can increase the electronic conductivity and specific surface area,assuring excellent surface and interfacial charge transfer abilities.Furthermore,the unique heterojunction endows FePS3 nanosheets@MXene composite to promote the diffusion of Na^+ and alleviate the drastic change in volume in the cyclic process,enhancing the sodium storage capability.Consequently,the few-layered FePS3 nanosheets uniformly coated by ultrathin MXene provide an exceptional reversible capacity of 676.1 mAh g^−1 at the current of 100 mA g^−1 after 90 cycles,which is equivalent to around 90.6% of the second-cycle capacity(746.4 mAh g^−1).This work provides an original protocol for constructing 2D/2D material and demonstrates the FePS3@MXene composite as a potential anode material with excellent property for sodium-ion batteries.     

In-situ encapsulation of α-Fe2O3 nanoparticles into ZnFe2O4 micro-sized capsules as high-performance lithium-ion battery anodes

Transition metal oxides as anode materials for high-performance lithium-ion batteries suffer from severe capacity decay,originating primarily from particle pulverization upon volume expansion/shrinkage and the intrinsically sluggish electron/ion transport.Herein,in-situ encapsulation of α-Fe2O3 nanoparticles into micro-sized ZnFe2O4 capsules is facilely fulfilled through a co-precipitation process and followed by heat-treatment at optimal calcination temperature.The porous ZnFe2C4 scaffold affords a synergistic confinement effect to suppress the grain growth of α-Fe2O3 nanocrystals during the calcination process and to accommodate the stress generated by volume expansion during the charge/discharge process,leading to an enhanced interfacial conductivity and inhibit electrode pulverization and mechanical failure in the active material.With these merits,the prepared α-Fe2O3/ZnFe2O4 composite delivers prolonged cycling stability and improved rate capability with a higher specific capacity than sole α-Fe2O3 and ZnFe2O4.The discharge capacity is retained at 700 mAh g-1 after 500 cycles at 200 mA g-1 and 940 mAh g-1 after 50 cycles at 100 mA g-1.This work provides a new perspective in designing transition metal oxides for advanced lithium-ion batteries with superior electrochemical properties.     

Ordered SnO nanoparticles in MWCNT as a functional host material for high-rate lithium-sulfur battery cathode

Lithium-sulfur battery has become one of the most promising candidates for next generation batteries,and it is still restricted due to the low sulfur conductivity,large volume expansion and severe polysulfide shuttling.Herein,we present a novel hybrid electrode with a ternary nanomaterial based on sulfur-impregnated multiwalled carbon nanotubes filled with ordered tin-monoxide nanoparticles (MWCNT-SnO/S).Using a dry plasma reduction method,a mechanically robust material is prepared as a cathode host material for lithium-sulfur batteries.The MWCNT-SnO/S electrode exhibits high conductivity,good ability to capture polysulfides,and small volume change during a repeated charge-discharge process.In situ transmission electron microscopy and ultraviolet-visible absorption results indicate that the MWCNT-SnO host efficiently suppresses volume expansion during lithiation and reduces polysulfide dissolution into the electrolyte.Furthermore,the ordered SnO nanoparticles in the MWCNTs facilitate fast ion/electron transfer during the redox reactions by acting as connective links between the walls of the MWCNTs.The MWCNT-SnO/S cathode with a high sulfur content of 70 wt.％ exhibits an initial discharge capacity of 1,682.4 mAh·g-1 at 167.5 mA·g-1 (0.1 C rate) and retains a capacity of 530.1 mAh·g-1 at 0.5 C after 1,000 cycles with nearly 100％ Coulombic efficiency.Furthermore,the electrode exhibits the high capacity even at a high current rate of 20 C.