乳铁转运蛋白的研究进展

乳铁转运蛋白 (Lactoferrin ,LF)是一种具有抑菌、杀菌及抗病毒作用的蛋白 ,广泛存在于各种粘膜表面。乳铁蛋白除了具有抗菌活性以外 ,其他功能及其保健作用也引起多方关注。本文就近年来对LF的研究进展作一综述。     

纳米TiO2／硅丙复合乳液的光催化抗菌性

北京化工大学的徐瑞芬等人采用原位聚合法制备了纳米TiO2有机硅改性丙烯酸酯复合乳液。结果发现，纳米TiO2有机硅改性丙烯酸酯复合乳液及其乳胶膜具有很强的紫外线吸收和可见光吸收性能，能将吸收的光能转化为杀菌、抗病毒的化学能；该乳液对枯草杆菌黑色变种芽孢、大肠杆菌、     

环境友好型杀菌剂单过硫酸氢钾的性能评价及应用

对环境友好型杀菌剂单过硫酸氢钾的杀菌性能进行了评价,并与常用杀菌剂杀菌性能进行了对比。结果表明,静态杀菌实验时单过硫酸氢钾的杀菌性能优异,有很好的瞬间杀菌效果,其杀菌特点与常用氧化型杀菌剂相当;常见缓蚀阻垢剂对单过硫酸氢钾杀菌性能影响不大。现场应用结果显示,少量多次地投加方式可以最好地发挥单过硫酸氢钾的杀菌性能,使循环水中的异养菌数稳定在低位。     

纳米涂料杀菌和降解污染物特性表征和评价

纳米涂料杀菌和降解有机污染物特性表征方法为测定纳米功能材料类型,包括二氧化钛型和金属银或银离子型;评价方法为测定其抗菌性能及抗菌耐久性能,或测定对空气中甲醛和甲苯的光催化降解率.本文对纳米涂料杀菌和降解有机污染物特性的表征和评价方法进行综述.     

希夫碱配合物生物活性方面的应用研究进展

综述了希夫碱类化合物在抑菌、杀菌、抗肿瘤、抗病毒等方面的生物活性,并且对其生物活性在医药上的应用做出了展望.     

以色列研制出一种能抑制冠状病毒的涂层

正为了抗击新冠病毒,以色列本·古里安大学的研究人员最近研发了一种新型涂层,含有金属离子和聚合物类纳米粒子,具有抗病毒和杀菌活性。该所大学的微生物学、免疫和遗传工程系的Angel Porgador,材料工程系的Mark Schvartzman以及他们的博士生Yariv Greenshpan、Esti Toledo等参与了上述研究项目,分析了各种金属纳米粒子对涂层抗病毒性能的影响。研究指出,引入对人体无毒害风险的一定剂量的金属,可对病毒、细菌产生致命毒性。如引入铜纳米粒子的涂层表面能有效     

双胍基化聚乙烯胺改性制备抗生物污染反渗透膜

反渗透作为一种高效、低能耗的膜分离技术,在使用过程中极易受到生物污染的侵袭,造成膜性能不可逆下降。制备具有杀菌功能的反渗透膜可以有效缓解膜生物污染问题。采用二次界面聚合法,将合成的双胍基化聚乙烯胺（PVAmG）阳离子聚合物引入到初生反渗透膜表面,制备出具有杀菌功能的PVAmG改性反渗透膜。结果表明,改性后膜表面的微观形貌和润湿性变化不大,在中性条件下膜表面荷正电。PVAmG改性膜在不降低膜选择透过性能的同时,有效提高了抗生物污染性能。PVAmG改性膜与枯草杆菌和大肠杆菌连续接触4次后,膜面细菌死亡率每次均接近99.9%,表明PVAmG改性膜具有持久的广谱杀菌性。     

1,2,4-三唑类衍生物杀菌活性研究进展

1,2,4-三唑类化合物因具有杀菌、杀虫、除草和抗病毒等生物活性而引起广泛关注,通过结构修饰将不同基团引入到1,2,4-三唑结构中,能合成具有更高杀菌活性的化合物,使其在新型高效农药杀菌剂创制中起着重要的作用。按其拼接的结构进行分类,综述了1,2,4-三唑衍生物在杀菌方面的应用,并展望了该类化合物的发展趋势和应用前景。     

磺胺类化合物生物活性研究进展

磺胺类化合物因其广泛的生物活性在医药、农药领域备受关注。对磺胺类化合物杀菌、抗病毒活性的研究进行了分类综述,并展望了它的发展趋势和应用前景。     

正确表面预处理对涂料干膜杀菌剂抗微生物活性的影响

通过使用墙体杀菌清洁与非杀菌清洁后涂料干膜的性能比较，评价了杀菌清洗对提高涂料干膜性能的有效性，揭示了怎样用杀菌清洁提高杀菌系统的特性。同时，比较了传统杀菌剂和新式杀菌剂的性能差别。     

控制释放型载银抗菌玻璃性能研究

该文以硼硅酸盐玻璃为载体,通过添加Ag_2O的方式来引入抗菌活性物质,制备了控制释放型载银硼硅酸盐抗菌玻璃并对其性能进行了研究。结果表明:抗菌玻璃对异养菌具有极佳的杀菌作用,对水中藻类有很好的杀灭作用,其浸出液具有阳极型缓蚀剂的特征,对水中碳钢能起一定的缓蚀作用,且不会引起严重的硅垢,可作为一种新型的水处理剂用于循环水系统。     

万古霉素水凝胶对耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌体外抑菌效果评价

目的评价担载万古霉素的水凝胶缓释药剂对耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌(methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus,MRSA)的体外抑菌效果。方法制备担载万古霉素的水凝胶,确定其对MRSA的最低抑菌浓度(minimum inhibitory concentration,MIC)和最低杀菌浓度(minimum bactericidal concentration,MBC),探讨其对MRSA的抑菌杀伤效应及生物菌膜生物量和细胞活性的影响。结果与未成胶的万古霉素相比,万古霉素水凝胶对MRSA的MIC(1μg/mL)和MBC(2μg/mL)分别各降低了1倍。对于MRSA的抑菌杀伤效应,万古霉素水凝胶呈缓慢释放并持续抑菌。万古霉素水凝胶对MRSA成熟生物菌膜生物量无显著影响,能增强对生物菌膜细胞活性的杀伤并减少万古霉素使用量,具有很好的抑菌杀菌效果。结论担载万古霉素水凝胶在减少用药剂量下与万古霉素抑菌效果相当,本研究为后续研发生物利用度好的新型缓释万古霉素药剂提供了参考。     

调湿杀虫抗菌内墙涂料的研制

介绍了调湿杀虫抗菌内墙涂料的基本配方、生产工艺及性能。涂层不但符合一般内墙乳胶漆的常规性能指标,而且还具有自动调节室内空气湿度、杀灭蚊蝇等害虫、抗菌防霉、释放负离子、清新空气、消除有毒有害气体等功能,是一种多功能型内墙装饰涂料。     

3株新城疫病毒体外对人喉癌Hep-2细胞杀伤效应的比较

目的比较新城疫病毒(NDV)强毒株D817、弱毒株7793和La Sota疫苗株对人喉癌Hep-2细胞的杀伤效应。方法3株病毒经扩增、噬斑纯化后,分别感染Hep-2细胞和喉正常组织细胞,一定时间后,显微镜下观察细胞形态变化,MTT比色法检测病毒对细胞的杀伤效应。结果3株病毒均能在Hep-2细胞中增殖并杀伤细胞,杀伤效应以D817株最高,La Sota株其次,7793株最低,且差异均无统计学意义。杀伤效应与病毒剂量和作用时间呈正相关,显微镜下可见明显的细胞病变。而对喉正常组织细胞的杀伤效应不明显。结论NDV D817株和7793株对喉癌细胞的杀伤效应与La Sota疫苗株相似,而对喉正常组织细胞的杀伤效应不明显,有望成为喉癌生物学治疗新的候选病毒株。     

Bactericidal Action of Smooth and Plasma Micro-Nanotextured Polymeric Surfaces with Varying Wettability,Enhanced by Incorporation of a Biocidal Agent

The use of antibacterial surfaces is an effective way to reduce exposure to pathogens and therefore infections. Several methods to fabricate antibacterial surfaces using surface modification methods as well as a bactericidal agent incorporation inside materials have been reported. However, in most cases the factors affecting the antibacterial behavior of a surface are not discussed in detail. Here, a comparative study on the antibacterial properties of surfaces with different characteristics against Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli) under dynamic conditions is presented, aiming to unravel the interplay among the most important factors when realizing an antibacterial surface, that is, surface morphology, wetting properties, and the use of a bactericidal agent. Significant bactericidal efficacy for the micro-nanotextured, superhydrophilic surfaces is demonstrated, possibly due to a mechanical killing induced by the interaction of bacteria with the micro-nanotopography. On the other hand, superhydrophobic surfaces without any bactericidal agent exhibit low interaction with the bacteria containing medium and therefore lower bactericidal action, whereas superhydrophobic surfaces with a bactericidal agent exhibit extreme non-wetting properties and rapid bactericidal effect through release of Cu particles. Finally, the role of the hydrophobic coating as barrier against uncontrolled release of the bactericidal agent when deposited as top layer is also showcased.     

一种基于点击化学的高性能亲水抗菌聚氨酯合成与表征

以聚己内酯1000（PCL1000）、异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯（IPDI）、2,2-双（溴甲基）-1,3-丙二醇、叠氮化钠（NaN₃）等为原料合成了侧链带有叠氮基团的可点击聚氨酯预聚体,以1,1,3,3-四甲基胍（TMG）、3-溴丙炔合成了抗菌单体2-炔丙基-1,1,3,3-四甲基胍（TMG-Al）,随后以点击反应为连接策略制备了环保水性接触型抗菌聚氨酯。采用红外光谱（FTIR）、核磁共振波谱（NMR）表征了小分子单体的化学结构;通过抑菌圈实验验证了涂膜的接触型抗菌效果及非渗透特性,为接触型抗菌领域的研究提供了一种新的合成方法。抗菌结果显示,当水性聚氨酯中引入质量分数为5%的TMG-Al时,抗菌聚氨酯即可对革兰氏阴性菌（大肠杆菌）及革兰氏阳性菌（金黄色葡萄球菌）产生显著的杀灭效果,抗菌率达99.9%。     

国内洗涤剂用杀菌剂的应用现状和前景展望

简述了杀菌剂的概念、种类及其在洗涤剂中的应用目的和作用菌种,重点介绍了卤系、氧系、醛类、酚类、季铵盐、胍类及中草药提取物等国内抗、抑菌洗涤剂常用杀菌剂的特点和应用现状,对各品类杀菌剂的发展前景进行了展望。     

Effects of UV weathering on the mechanical and antibacterial performance of peroxide‐cured silicone rubber containing biocide HPQM

2‐Hydroxypropyl‐3‐piperazinyl‐quinoline carboxylic acid methacrylate (HPQM) was used as a biocide in a silicone rubber compound. Antibacterial and mechanical performance of the compound was assessed before and after exposure to UV light for different times. Drop‐plate and halo tests were employed to evaluate qualitatively and quantitatively the antibacterial performance of the compound against Escherichia coli (E. coli, ATCC 25922) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus, ATCC 25923). The results showed that the cure characteristics and the physical and mechanical properties of the HPQM‐containing rubber compound were strongly affected by the UV light. The tensile properties and hardness increased with UV aging. The lightness (L*) of the rubber compound without HPQM did not change with UV exposure, whereas that for the compound with HPQM decreased with UV exposure. The longer the contact time, the better the ability for killing the bacteria. After experiencing initial UV aging for 3 days, the rubber compound with HPQM showed an effective killing ability. However, after prolonged UV exposure, the antibacterial efficacy was reduced as a result of HPQM removal from the rubber surface during the condensation stage and a post‐curing reaction of the residual peroxide in the rubber compound. Under UV light, the silicone rubber compound with HPQM had a greater preference for killing the E. coli. J. VINYL ADDIT. TECHNOL., 20:49–56, 2014. © 2014 Society of Plastics Engineers     

Aqueous dispersion of surfactant-modified multiwalled carbon nanotubes and their application as an antibacterial agent

The dispersing power of different surfactant-modified multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and their effect on the antibacterial activity were examined. Three surfactants, including hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), triton X-100 (TX-100) and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) were tested. UV–vis absorbance, transmission electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy were used to characterize the dispersion of MWCNTs in the aqueous phase, showing that the surfactant molecules had been adsorbed onto the MWCNTs’ surface. Among the three surfactants, TX-100 and CTAB provided maximum and minimum dispersion, respectively. The surfactant-modified MWCNTs exhibited different antibacterial activities to Streptococcus mutans. The fluorescence images showed that the surfactant-modified MWCNTs were not only capable of capturing bacteria and forming cell aggregates, but also killing them. Under the same concentration and treatment time, the CTAB-modified MWCNTs exhibited the strongest antibacterial activity compared to the TX-100 and SDS-modified MWCNTs. The optical density growth curves and viable cell number determined by the plating method suggested that the antibacterial activity of all surfactant-modified MWCNTs was both concentration- and treatment time-dependent.     

Surface antibacterial properties and mechanism of NiCo2O4 against E. Coli

Bacterial infections seriously affect and threaten human health. Antibacterial agents, including inorganic metal-based materials, have widely been explored owing to their effective properties in killing pathogens. Among these, NiCo₂O₄ (NCO) is a semiconductor material with anti-spinel structure and antibacterial properties. Herein, porous rod-like NCO was synthesized for use as antibacterial material against E. coli. The antibacterial properties and bactericidal mechanism under light and dark conditions revealed NCO with large specific surface area (51.707 m²/g), positive Zeta potential (17.3 eV), and more surface oxygen species. The bactericidal rate of 0.3 mg/mL NCO against E. coli under light and dark conditions reached 98.0% and 94.0%, respectively. The antibacterial mechanism of NCO under dark conditions illustrated the involvement of reactive metal Lewis acid active sites on its surface toward bacteria to produce lipid peroxidation, thereby inactivating bacteria. Under visible light irradiation, the main antibacterial ability was caused by the joint action of metal Lewis acid active site and reactive oxygen species. Overall, cyclic changes of valence states of metal elements and surface oxygen species in materials can be used for bacterial oxidative damage, relevant for bacterial disinfection.