术语"不确定度"定义的剖析(上)

一、引言在我国JJF1059-1999规范《测量不确定度评定和表示》(以下简称“JJF1059-1999规范”)和国际规范《测量不确定度表示指南》ISO1995(E)(以下简称“GUM95”)中,术语“测量不确定度”无疑是最重要的概念。JJF1059-1999规范给出“测量不确定度”定义中引用GUM95定义的部分如下:【2.11[测量]不确定度表征合理地赋予被测量之值的分散性,与测量结果相关系的参数。注:1.此参数可以是诸如标准差或其倍数,或说明了置信水准的区间的半宽度。2.测量不确定度由多个分量组成。其中一些分量可以用测量列结果统计分布估计,并用实验标准差表征…     

电子天平示值误差的不确定度评及直线方程表示

根据欧盟认证校准指导书EA-10/18《Guidelines on the calibration of nonautomatic weighing instruments》中的要求,基于JJF1059.1-2012《测量不确定度评定与表示》的基本原理和方法,对电子天平示值误差不确定度进行评定。通过用最小二乘法求解直线方程,将结果拟合成关于天平读数的直线方程。     

NIM球面近场法天线校准装置的测量不确定度评定

介绍了中国计量科学研究院（NIM）开发的一套精密球面近场扫描法天线校准装置(400 MHz～110 GHz)在测量天线归一化方向图（限于幅度）时的不确定度评定。以“自我比较法”为基础,简介了探头、安装对准、数据采样和射频系统等引入的18个不确定度分量的评定结果,重点针对天线暗室反射引入的不确定度不易评估的难题,基于射线追踪法提出了一种分析、测量和计算相结合的“干扰法”。评估结果表明该套近场系统在-40 dB副瓣电平内,重复性优于0.1 dB (26 GHz)、在忽略探头极化误差时的扩展不确定度优于2.7 dB。最后分析了球面近场天线测量的不确定度特点。     

工作用玻璃液体温度计测量值的不确定度评定

依据中国实验室国家认可委员会(CNAS)(ISO17025认证体系)及中华人民共和国国家计量技术规范JJF 1059-1999《测量不确定度评定与表示》,对工作用玻璃液体温度计的测量结果的不确定度进行评定。     

ISO 10113:2020存在的问题及GB/T 5027—2016的修订建议

针对符合标准ISO 10113:1991和ASTM E517要求的自动测量塑性应变比(r值)的设备不符合ISO 10113:2020标准要求的问题，按照合成标准不确定度的公式分析了ISO 10113:2020计算r值的测量不确定度和ISO 10113:1991计算r值的测量不确定度。结果表明：ISO 10113:2020计算r值的合成标准不确定度大于ISO 10113:1991计算r值的合成标准不确定度；重新修订的GB/T 5027—2016应该同时要满足ISO 10113:2020和ASTM E517的要求。     

立式金属罐容量围尺法测量不确定度评定

按照JJF1059. 1—2012和Guide 98-3:2008,参考ISO 7507-1:2003、JJG 168—2005,介绍了围尺法测量立式金属罐容量的不确定度评定方法。     

现代工业企业计量管理系列讲座 第五讲 测量误差与测量不确定度

1从测量误差到测量不确定度 测量不确定度的概念及其评定和表示方法的采用,是计量科学的一个新进展。随着国家计量技术规范JJF1001-1998《通用计量术语及定义》和JJF1059-1999《测量不确定度评定与表示》的颁布实施,应用测量不确定度评价测量结果的质量已在与测量有关的各个领域,特别是计量领域推广使用。     

气相色谱-质谱联用仪噪声的定义与信噪比不确定度的评定

正本文以评定气相色谱-质谱联用仪信噪比测量结果的不确定度为目的,对JJF1164-2006《台式气相色谱-质谱联用仪校准规范》中噪声的定义提出几点看法,对噪声取值方法和噪声对信噪比不确定度的影响进行了探讨。一、噪声的取值方法JJF1164-2006对噪声和信噪比的定义是:"信噪比为待测样品信号强度(峰高)与基线噪声的比值,记为S/N,式中噪声为基线噪声,为基线峰底和峰谷     

质检测量中不确定度评定

本文所讨论的问题,只限于在产品生产或供应部门以及质量监督部门,为确认其定量的指标是否合格或不合格的检测结果的不确定度评定中,有别于ISO等7个国际组织1995年修订公布的《Guidetothe Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement》（GUM）和我国计量技术规范JJF1059-1999《测量不确定度评定与表示》的问题.     

移液器容积值测量值的两种不确定度评定方法

以JJG646-2006及ISO/TR 20461资料中移液器容积值计算公式作为测量模型进行不确定度评定,并对评定过程和结果进行分析、比较,以期了解进行移液器容积值测量时应重点关注的不确定度分量,可采取相应措施,提高测量准确度;同时了解我国现行检定规程与国际标准之间的相同点和不同之处。     

盐雾试验标准ISO 9227:2006与ISO 9227:1990对比分析

为了便于试验参考和标准制订者参考,对盐雾试验标准ISO 9227:2006与ISO 9227:1990从介绍与范围、试验溶液、试验设备、评价盐雾箱腐蚀性能的方法、试样与放置、结果评价与试验报告等方面进行了解读和比较,并建议国家有关部门对国标GB/T 10125-1997进行修订.     

Noniterative waveform deconvolution using analytic reconstructionfilters with time-domain weighting

A new deconvolution approach is described for reconstructing fast, step-like, or impulsive signals that have been measured with a sampling oscilloscope for which an impulse response estimate is available. The approach uses analytic reconstruction filters to control noise amplification and a new noniterative filter optimization that is based on a calculated “indicated error” function that is similar in shape to the true error. The new method aids in reporting uncertainties of the deconvolution results and it permits the use of time-domain weighting to optimize the measurement of different waveform features, The performance of the proposed approach is compared with that of the error energy/regularization approach that is currently popular     

UPLC-MS/MS法测定化妆品中丙烯酰胺的不确定度评定

采用超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法(UPLC-MS/MS)测定了化妆品中丙烯酰胺含量,并对其进行了不确定度评定。根据 JJF 1059.1-2012《测量不确定度评定与表示》 建立测定化妆品中丙烯酰胺含量的计量学数学模型,分析和量化各不确定度分量。采用该方法检测的化妆品中丙烯酰胺的合成不确定度为0.033mg/kg,扩展不确定度为0.066mg/kg。实验测定的化妆品中丙烯酰胺含量结果为(0.502±0.066)mg/kg(k=2,置信概率P=95%)。评定结果表明,实验的不确定度主要由标准溶液配制和标准曲线拟合引入。     

ISO/IEC 17025与ISO/IEC导则25的比照分析

本文主要介绍ISO/IEC 170251999的由来，及其与ISO9001、ISO9002的关系；ISO/IEC 17025的组成和构架以及与ISO/IEC导则25的对照、比较和分析。以帮助读者了解ISO/IEC 170251999与导则25的异同,从而有助于推进ISO/IEC 17025的实施。     

Trend report on international and Japanese standardization activities for bioceramics and tissue engineered medical products

Abstract

Since porous and injectable bioceramics have recently been utilized often as scaffolds for bone regenerative medicine, the need for their standardization has increased. One of the standard proposals in ISO/TC150 and JIS has been a draft for characterization of the porous bioceramic scaffolds in both micro- and macro-scopic aspects. ISO/TC150/SC7 (Tissue engineered medical products) has been co-chaired by Professor J E Lemons, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham and Dr R Nakaoka, Division of Medical Devices, National Institute of Health Sciences, Japan. The scope of SC7 has been specified as ‘Standardization for the general requirements and performance of tissue engineered medical products with the exclusion of gene therapy, transplantation and transfusion’.     

Trend report on international and Japanese standardization activities for bioceramics and tissue engineered medical products

Since porous and injectable bioceramics have recently been utilized often as scaffolds for bone regenerative medicine, the need for their standardization has increased. One of the standard proposals in ISO/TC150 and JIS has been a draft for characterization of the porous bioceramic scaffolds in both micro- and macro-scopic aspects. ISO/TC150/SC7 (Tissue engineered medical products) has been co-chaired by Professor J E Lemons, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham and Dr R Nakaoka, Division of Medical Devices, National Institute of Health Sciences, Japan. The scope of SC7 has been specified as ‘Standardization for the general requirements and performance of tissue engineered medical products with the exclusion of gene therapy, transplantation and transfusion’.     

A note on supply chain risk classification: discussion and proposal

The main objective of this note is to complement the excellent work on supply chain risk classification by Rangel et al. [International Journal of Production Research, vol. 52 (7), 2014]. In this note, we consider the use of ISO/IEC (International Organisation for Standardisation/International Electrotechnical Commission) norms to support the supply chain risk classification. Its purpose is to develop, maintain and promote standards in the fields of information technology and information communications technology. Therefore, to improve on the work by Rangel et al. (2014), ISO 27036 (Information Security for Supplier Relationship) and ISO 28000 (Specification for Security Management Systems for the Supply Chain) are aligned with ISO 31000 (Risk Management–Risk Assessment Techniques). Furthermore, since supply chain risk management does not have a standardised process, these norms, particularly ISO 31000, can serve as a guide to improve its implementation.     

角位置指示器测得值的不确定度评定

本文依据JJF(军工)21-2012《同步器/解算器校准规范》和JJF 1059.1-2012《测量不确定度评定与表示》,以8810A-R型角位置指示器为例,详细展示了角位置指示器测得值的不确定度评定方法,对其他型号的角位置指示器测得值的不确定度评定具有指导意义。     

国际国外标准化教育的做法和对我国的启示

标准化教育问题近年来得到了国际标准化组织（ISO）和国外标准机构的高度关注和重视,教育体系不断完善,教育模式不断创新,积累了一些经验和做法。本文在梳理总结国际标准组织（ISO）和国外标准机构的经验和做法的基础上,提出进一步推进我国标准化教育发展的建议。     

GRACoL7工业应用方法浅析

GRACoL 7是商业胶版印刷检测方法的新规范,是实施国际胶印印刷标准ISO 12647-2的基本要求,它针对CTP为基础的商业印刷流程,设定灰平衡、中性印刷密度曲线、亮度等概念的定义和测试方法,最终获得准确的数据,依此调整CTP制版机或照排机的RIP输出校正曲线,从而在保证系统重复性工作基础上,改善印刷品的阶调和彩色再现质量。本文对此作系统介绍。