UML2.0顺序图的形式化研究

在UML2.0规范中顺序图的语义仍然是以自然语言的形式描述的,为实现对顺序图的自动化分析和验证,必须为顺序图定义一种形式化的语义模型.为此首先给出了UML顺序图的一种符合BNF范式的形式化语法,然后为该语法中的非终止符定义转换规则,将UML顺序图中的基本动作转换为加标Petri网组件,最后定义了各种合成操作,利用这些合成操作可以将UML顺序图的加标Petri网组件转换为加标Petni网.     

Software modeling and analysis using a hierarchical object-oriented Petri net

Petri net is used widely to analyze and model various systems formally. Recently, many Petri nets mania devote their efforts to enhancing and extending the expressive power of Petri nets. One such effort is to extend Petri nets with object-oriented concepts. An object-oriented paradigm provides excellent concepts to model real-world problems. Object-oriented concepts allow us to build software systems easily, intuitively, and naturally. Although several high-level Petri nets with the concept of objects are suggested, these nets do not fully support the object-oriented concepts. In this paper, we propose a hierarchical object-oriented Petri net (HOONet). The formal syntax and semantics of HOONet are explained in detail. HOONet supports a wide range of object-oriented features including abstract, encapsulated and modularized objects, object interaction by message passing, inheritance, and ploymorphism. HOONet also supports a variety of modeling and analysis mechanisms such as incremental modeling of evolving systems, unfolding the HOONet to lower level Petri net, and incremental reachability analysis for HOONet models. We demonstrate the usefulness of HOONet by applying it to modeling and analysis with an example.     

顺序图至Petri网转化方法的研究与实现

作为一种面向对象分析和设计建模语言，统一建模语言（UML）已经越来越多的被用在大型系统中，然而，UML是半形式化的，这使得很难对其进行严格的语义分析和正确性验证。顺序图作为UML动态描述机制的重要组成部分，同样存在这样的问题，而Petri网作为一种建模工具，有着严格的形式化语义，而且有很多成熟的分析方法。该文针对UML20顺序图模型，结合几个简单Petri网结构，提出了将顺序图转换为Petri网的算法，最后通过实例说明了转化算法的有效性。     

用UML与Petri网为智能代理建模

统一建模型语言（UML）已经成为软件系统的分析与设计的标准工具，但由它扩充而成的代理统一建模型语言（AUML）还没变成一个标准，目前的AUML规格说明还有很多的局限性，还不能胜任多代理系统的开发．Petri网是仿真、验证软件系统执行的正确性与有效性的形式化工具．本文主要分析当前AUML规格说明和Petri网概念．找出它们之间的结合点，提出用Petri网扩充AUML的方法．将其应用于多代理系统的开发，就能实施之前运用Petri网进行系统的正确性与有效性验证．     

VPM: A visual,precise and multilevel metamodeling framework for describing mathematical domains and UML (The Mathematics of Metamodeling is Metamodeling Mathematics)

As UML 2.0 is evolving into a family of languages with individually specified semantics, there is an increasing need for automated and provenly correct model transformations that (i) assure the integration of local views (different diagrams) of the system into a consistent global view, and, (ii) provide a well-founded mapping from UML models to different semantic domains (Petri nets, Kripke automaton, process algebras, etc.) for formal analysis purposes as foreseen, for instance, in submissions for the OMG RFP for Schedulability, Performance and Time. However, such transformations into different semantic domains typically require the deep understanding of the underlying mathematics, which hinders the use of formal specification techniques in industrial applications. In the paper, we propose a multilevel metamodeling technique with precise static and dynamic semantics (based on a refinement calculus and graph transformation) where the structure and operational semantics of mathematical models can be defined in a UML notation without cumbersome mathematical formulae.     

基于UML和对象Petri网的分布式工作流系统建模方法研究

提出了一种融合UML和对象Petri网优点的分布式工作流系统的建模方法，利用UML的扩展机制进行了有关工作流特性的扩展：定制了合同、端口、通信协议块等版类，建立了合同化的层次体系结构；为了对建立的模型进行严密的数学分析和模拟，又提供了从UML模型到对象Petri网的转换机制。     

Modeling production configuration using nested colored object-oriented Petri-nets with changeable structures

Configuring production processes based on process platforms has been well recognized as an effective means for companies to provide product variety while maintaining mass production efficiency. The production processes of product families involve diverse variations in manufacturing and assembly processes resulted from a large variety of component parts and assemblies. This paper develops a multilevel system of nested colored object-oriented Petri nets with changeable structures to model the configuration of production processes. To capture the semantics associated with production configuration decisions, some unique modeling mechanisms are employed, including colored Petri nets, object-oriented Petri nets, changeable Petri net structures, and net nesting. The modeling formalism comprises resource nets, manufacturing nets, assembly nets and process nets. The paper demonstrates how these net definitions are applied to the specification of production process variants at different levels of abstraction. Also reported is a case study in an electronics company. The system model is further analyzed with focus on conflict prevention and deadlock detection.     

基于消息顺序图和Petri网的移动应用监测平台建模分析

随着移动互联网的迅猛发展,移动应用的数量呈现井喷式的爆发,对其性能、故障和短板进行实时、有效的监测与分析是保证系统正常运行的关键。统一建模语言(Unified Modeling Language,UML)作为一种功能较强的面向对象的图形建模工具,可以对移动应用监测平台进行建模分析,但在其过程描述中缺乏严格的语义。Petri网作为一种离散事件动态系统的建模和分析方法,提供了在逻辑时序下研究系统特性和性能的有效手段,并具有图形方法的直观性和逻辑方法的概括性。通过将基于UML消息顺序图和Petri网的建模方法应用到移动应用监测平台的分析过程中,针对用户下发的监测任务构建系统的消息顺序图和Petri网模型,利用消息顺序图对平台各对象之间在时间顺序上的交互关系进行了验证,并利用Petri网化简规则和状态方程对该模型进行了结构上的正确性验证和可达性分析。     

UML和CPN在企业销售信息管理系统开发中的应用

UML是标准的统一建模语言，但缺乏合适的工具对其所建立的模型进行严格定量的分析。CPN(有色Pctri网)是严格定义的数学对象，可以模拟和检验用UML描述的系统对象的行为属性。该文以企业销售信息管理系统为实例描述了通过UML进行建模的过程，并用CPN对所建立的模型进行了分析和检验。     

基于随机对象Petri网的柔性制造系统性能分析

为了增强传统对象Petri网的定量分析能力,提出随机对象Petri网模型。该模型具备随机性和层次特性,获得与随机Petri网的等价关系,从宏观和微观2个层面对系统进行性能分析,并将该模型应用到柔性制造系统中。实验结果表明,该系统保留了面向对象的建模能力,具有较强的定量分析能力。     

A methodology for evaluating test coverage criteria of high levelPetri nets

High level Petri nets have been extensively used for modeling concurrent systems; however, their strong expressive power reduces their ability to be easily analyzed. Currently there are few effective formal analysis techniques to support the validation of high level Petri nets. The executable nature of high level Petri nets means that during validation they can be analyzed using test criteria defined on the net model. Recently, theoretical test adequacy coverage criteria for concurrent systems using high level Petri nets have been proposed. However, determining the applicability of these test adequacy criteria has not yet been undertaken. In this paper, we present an approach for evaluating the proposed test adequacy criteria for high level Petri nets through experimentation. In our experiments we use the simulation functionality of the model checker SPIN to analyze various test coverage criteria on high level Petri nets.     

Using UML Action Semantics for model execution and transformation

The Unified Modelling Language (UML) lacks precise and formal foundations and semantics for several modeling constructs, such as transition guards or method bodies. These semantic discrepancies and loopholes prevent executability, making early testing and validation out of reach of UML tools. Furthermore, the semantic gap from high-level UML concepts to low-level programming constructs found in traditional object-oriented language prevents the development of efficient code generators.The recent Action Semantics (AS) proposal tackles these problems by extending the UML with yet another formalism for describing behavior, but with a strong emphasis on dynamic semantics. This formalism provides both, a metamodel integrated into the UML metamodel, and a model of execution for these statements. As a future OMG standard, the AS eases the move to tool interoperability, and allows for executable modeling and simulation.We explore in this paper a specificity of the AS: its applicability to the UML metamodel, itself a UML model. We show how this approach paves the way for powerful metaprogramming for model transformation. Furthermore, the overhead for designers is minimal, as mappings from usual object-oriented languages to the AS will be standardized.     

基于对象Petri网的信息系统建模技术

针对复杂管理信息系统分析与建模的困难性,提出了一种基于Petri网和面向对象的建模技术,给出了对象Petri网系统OPN的形式化定义,具体介绍了用OPN进行信息系统建模分析的基本思路与方法,并通过一个典型的租赁管理系统建模对该方法进行了应用。     

The UML as a formal modeling notation

The Unified Modeling Language (UML) is an Object Management Group (OMG) object-oriented (OO) modeling notation standard. It consists of a set of notations for modeling systems from a variety of views and at varying levels of abstraction. While the UML reflects some of the best OO modeling experiences available, it suffers from a lack of precise semantics that is necessary if one is to use the notations to precisely model systems and to rigorously reason about the models. In this paper we discuss some of the problems with the current UML semantic document and present the approach that the precise UML group (pUML) group is using to develop a precise semantics for the UML. The approach utilizes mathematical techniques to explore and gain insights into appropriate semantics for UML modeling concepts. The insights and formal expressions will then be used to develop a UML semantics document written in natural language that defines the semantics in a precise, consistent, and understandable manner.     

基于UML的CPN模型在软件测试中的应用

UML在被工业界广泛接受的同时也成为学术界遵循的一种标准建模语言。许多面向对象软件测试的研究都围绕UML模型开展。但UML模型属于半形式化模型,往往无法自动生成测试用例。将UML模型与Petri网相结合,能够弥补其数学支持的不足。文章给出了基于UML的CPN模型的测试框架和一个从UML模型构造CPN模型的算法,并根据该方法给出了自动化支持工具U2CPN的类图结构。     

Semantics for consistent activation in context-oriented systems

ContextContext-oriented programming languages provide dedicated programming abstractions to define behavioral adaptations and means to combine those adaptations dynamically according to sensed context changes. Some of these languages feature programming abstractions to explicitly define interaction dependencies among contexts. However, the semantics of context activation and the meaning of dependency relations have been described only informally, which in some cases has led to incorrect specifications, faulty implementations and inconsistent system behavior.ObjectiveWith the aim of avoiding faulty implementations and inconsistencies during system execution, this paper proposes both a formal and run-time model of contexts, context activation and context interaction.MethodAs a formal and computational basis, we introduce context Petri nets, a model based on Petri nets, which we found to match closely the structure of contexts in context-oriented systems. The operational semantics of Petri nets permits the modeling of run-time context activations. Existing Petri net analyses allow us to reason about system properties. As validation, we carried out small and medium-sized case studies.ResultsIn the cases explored, context Petri nets served effectively as underlying run-time model to ensure that declared context interaction constraints remain consistent during context manipulation. Moreover, context Petri nets enabled us to analyze certain properties regarding the activation state of particular contexts.ConclusionContext Petri nets thus proved to be appropriate to encode and manage the semantics of context activation, both formally and computationally, so as to preserve the consistency of context-oriented systems.     

基于UML顺序图的Petri网建模

UML(统一建模语言)是一种功能较强的面向对象图形建模工具,但其过程描述中缺乏严格的语义,而Petri网不仅有形象直观的图形描述还有严格的数学定义。针对一个简单运输系统的建模将二者结合起来,阐述了UML类图、顺序图的Petri网建模转换方法,避免直接进行Petri网建模过程的烦琐,使建模过程清晰可见。     

UML活动图的形式语义及分析

UML活动图缺乏精确的动态语义,不利于对其所描述的系统进行形式化的分析、验证和确认。为此,论文结合Petri网给出了包含对象流状态描述的UML活动图的形式语义,并据此对UML活动图的典型流程和其所描述的动态系统的正确性进行了分析。该形式语义覆盖了UML活动图的绝大部分特征,为精确描述工作流程并对其进行分析奠定了基础。     

基于面向对象Petri网的工作流建模及性能分析

工作流技术作为一种过程建模和过程管理的核心技术,在计算机应用领域获得了迅速的发展。介绍了工作流技术;提出了将面向对象建模技术融入Petri网模型所形成的面向对象Petri网,并讨论了建立基于面向对象Petri网的工作流模型的步骤;运用面向对象Petri网建立了某制造企业的产品方案处理流程的工作流模型,并运用性能等价公式对工作流模型的性能进行了分析。