氨吹脱过程的传质模型

试验设计了一种新型的氨吹脱反应器,采用雾化喷头代替了传统的填料,废水经过加压雾化后与上升的气流逆向接触,通过增加接触面积达到提高去除率的目的.对气液传质过程作了合理假设,运用微分学等数学方法,得到氨吹脱过程的传质模型,讨论了模型中参数的影响因素,说明了去除率η随着pH和温度的提高、运行时间的延长、鼓风量的增大而增大,通过试验验证了使用这种新型的氨吹脱反应器来处理含高浓度氨氮的废水,在合适条件下,氨去除率高于85%.     

茚三酮参与的多组分反应合成螺杂环化合物的研究进展

茚三酮代替芳香醛参与多组分反应合成螺杂环化合物的研究进展还未见文献报道.鉴于此,为了更好地了解这方面的最新动态,综述了2005年以来利用茚三酮代替芳香醛参与多组分反应来合成相关螺吡喃化合物的研究进展,主要涉及茚三酮与丙二腈和环酮的多组分反应、茚三酮与两分子β-二酮的多组分反应、茚三酮、茚二酮与萘胺的多组分反应、茚三酮、肌氨酸与其它底物的多组分反应以及茚三酮与苯肼和芳香醛的三组分反应。同时对其发展方向加以展望。     

冶炼废渣中铜、锌浸出的研究

主要研究了冶炼废渣中铜、锌的浸出,通过对废渣成分的分析选择了氨性浸出,首先通过四因素三水平的正交试验得到了氨性浸出的优化条件:石灰用量5%,碳酸氢铵用量30%,固液质量比为1:4,浸出时间为36 h,铜、锌的浸出率分别为58.6%和42.6%,由正交试验可以看出碳酸氢铵用量为显著因素.然后考察了石灰用量、碳酸氢铵用量、固液比、浸出时间以及氧化剂5个因素对铜锌浸出的影响,优化了氨性浸出的条件,在石灰用量5%,碳酸氢铵用量30%,固液质量比1:4,浸出时间36 h,氧化剂(次氯酸钠)用量6%的条件下铜、锌的浸出率分别为76.4%和63.4%.对同一矿样多次浸出铜、锌浸出率分别达到90.1%和84.1%.     

纳氏试剂法测定电厂飞灰中氨含量的探究

本文希望根据纳氏试剂法测定氨含量的原理,用水溶解飞灰中的氨,来测定电厂飞灰中的氨含量。在试验不同的条件后,确定最优条件。再通过纳氏试剂分光光度法与离子色谱法的结果比对,并进行重复性测试和加标回收率试验。实验结果表明,用纳氏试剂分光光度法测定电厂飞灰中氨含量的结果准确、可靠,可作为分析电厂飞灰中氨含量的一种方法。     

热法除水合肼副产盐渣中氨的扩试研究

阐述了热法除水合肼副产盐渣中氨的工艺路线,通过优化试验得出了最佳的工艺条件,得到了供电解法生产烧碱使用的合格盐.     

TS-1催化丁酮氨氧化制丁酮肟反应过程

在2 5 0mL不锈钢高压反应釜中,以TS 1分子筛为催化剂,丁酮、氨水和过氧化氢进行氨氧化合成丁酮肟。试验研究了溶剂、反应温度、氨酮比和过氧化氢加料方式对丁酮的转化率和丁酮肟的选择的影响。结果表明,氨和丁酮的摩尔比为2. 15 ,反应温度70℃,H2 O2 采用连续进料的条件下,反应的转化率和选择性分别达到99 .12 %和10 0 . 0 0 %。表明在温和条件下TS 1催化丁酮氨氧化制丁酮肟是可行的。     

氧化镁蒸氨的试验研究

在实验室进行了重碱过滤母液与氧化镁反应蒸氨的试验条件探索,得到了影响蒸氨单元的一些工艺条件和参数,为氯化铵的转化提供了参考。     

膜吸收法处理焦化厂废水中的氨及苯酚

采用膜吸收法进行了焦化厂剩余氨水中氨和苯酚的脱除和回收试验.实验结果表明,利用氨和苯酚酸碱性的差异和各自对pH要求的不同,可消除两者相互间的干扰,实现两者分别单独分离和回收.在适当的酸度、温度和流速条件下,氨和苯酚的回收率均超过99.5%.采取有效的预过滤并在运行中采用质量分数2%NaOH溶液清洗等措施,可有效抑制膜污染.     

低含量氨氮污水厌氧氨氧化影响因素研究

采用厌氧复合床,经自养型反硝化过程转化,成功启动了厌氧氨氧化反应器,共耗时165d.反应器启动成功后,TN容积负荷达到0.17 kg·m~(-3)·d~(-1),NO_2~--N与NH_4~+-N去除率分别为100%和93%.在此基础上,研究了pH、温度及不同有机质对厌氧氨氧化反应过程的影响,并通过正交及对比试验确定各因素的最佳控制条件.结果表明,在氨氮的质量浓度较低(～18mg·L~(-1))条件下,厌氧氨氧化反应pH=8.0.温度30℃、有机质(TOC)的质量浓度为40 mg·L~(-1)时,反应达到最佳状态.     

用气敏氨电极测定炼油污水中的氨氮

用气敏氨电极测定水和污水中的氨已有过报导,但用于炼油污水中氨的测定则尚未见。本文之目的是试验氨电极法测定本厂炼油污水中的氨的可行性与条件,试验结果表明,此法测定简便、快速、准确。一、仪器与试剂     

Effect of Alkanediyl-α,ω-Type Cationic Dimeric (Gemini) Surfactants on the Reaction Rate of Ninhydrin with [Cu(II)-Gly-Tyr]+ Complex

The effect of gemini (16‐s‐16, s = 4, 5, 6) surfactants on the reaction rate of ninhydrin with [Cu(II)‐Gly‐Tyr]⁺ complex was determined using a spectrophotometric technique. The ninhydrin concentration was kept in excess in order to maintain pseudo‐first‐order conditions. The reaction followed irreversible first‐ and fractional‐order kinetics with respect to [Cu(II)‐Gly‐Tyr]⁺ and [ninhydrin], respectively. It is found that gemini surfactants effectively catalyze the reaction. The rate constants (k_ψ) first increase and then become relatively constant with increasing gemini surfactant concentration similar to conventional cetyltrimethylammonium bromide. At higher gemini surfactant concentration a third region of increasing k_ψ is observed. The unusual third region is ascribed to changes in micellar morphology. The kinetic data has been analyzed using a micellar pseudo‐phase model.     

Interaction of Metal Ion-Coordinated Dipeptide Complex and Ninhydrin in the Alkanediyl-α,ω-bis-Type Gemini Surfactant System

In the current study, interaction of a metal ion-coordinated dipeptide complex and ninhydrin was examined in the alkanediyl-α,ω-bis-type gemini surfactant system. This work was performed as a function of reactants (ninhydrin and metal-dipeptide complex), surfactants, temperature, and pH. Different techniques including UV–vis spectrophotometry were used to carry out the experiments. The k_ψ–values were evaluated in the presence of alkanediyl-α,ω-bis-type gemini surfactants. A first-order path in the metal-dipeptide complex and a fractional-order path in ninhydrin were noticed. To illustrate the quantitative analysis of k_ψ–[gemini] profiles, a pseudophase model of micelles was employed. Thermodynamic parameters were also evaluated and explained. By the observed outcomes, a probable mechanism was suggested and discussed in detail.     

利用茚三酮或DFO加强显现热敏纸张上的潜在指纹

本文介绍一种新技术——利用茚三酮或DFO加强显现热敏纸张上的潜在指纹。大部分热敏纸张的热敏剂表面,使用DFO或茚三酮石油醚溶液(NPB)显影时将会变黑。显现的指纹和背景之间反差很小。新技术介绍了在指纹和热敏层之间,用丙酮水洗,可以去掉黑色污斑。其它新的化学试剂漂洗,显现的指纹有清晰的纹线和很高的反差。大量使用这种技术,可以使试剂优化,成本降低,短时间内能处理大量检材。工作试剂包括商用、不挥发、含氮的有机化合物,也使用象NPB这样的浸透性试剂。     

Preparation of α-(aminoalkyl) acrylic esters and their phthalimido substituted derivatives

Synthesis of α-(aminoalkyl) acrylates has proceeded along the conventional malonic ester route. The amino structure was protected by the use of phthalimido derivatives with subsequent removal of the phthalate moiety to produce the desired esters. Ethyl α-alkyl acrylates with phthalimido, phthalimidoethyl and phthalimidobutyl groups as the α-substituent were prepared together with the phthalimidoethoxyethyl derivative. The esters were prepared in substantial purity but with some difficulty owing to their ease of polymerisation. Infra-red spectra and polymerisability studies were carried out on the new α-phthalimidoalkyl acrylates and are presented here. Hydrolysis (with hydrazine hydrate) of these intermediate esters to their corresponding α-(aminoalkyl) acrylates was shown qualitatively using a modified ninhydrin test. It was necessary to develop a modified test procedure since excess hydrazine from the hydrolysis was found to interfere with the ninhydrin colour reaction.     

Determination of the amino end groups in polyamide 6 and 6,6 with ninhydrin

The amino end groups in polyamide 6 and 6,6 were reacted in a water/methylcellosolve/propionic acid/sodium propionate/pyridine/isopropanol system for 30 min at 100°C with ninhydrin to give a dye (λ_max : 570 nm, ?₅₇₀ : 18.6 · 10³ cm² mol^?1), whose photometrically determinable concentration represented a measure of the amino end group content. Although the polymer remained undissolved during the analysis, the reaction proceeded quantitatively in all the samples studied (fibres with a maximum fineness of 44 dtex, corresponding to a diameter of 70 μm). ?-Aminocaproic acid served as a low-molecular calibration substance for the polymer. On account of its simplicity, rapidity, and good reproducibility (variation coefficient 3.4%), the ninhydrin method is suitable for the serial determination of the amino end groups in polyamide 6 and 6,6.     

湿度对ESDA处理和指纹信息显现的影响

在法庭科学领域 ,ESDA处理的湿度影响和随后纸张上指纹信息的显现 ,正在进行广泛的研究。如果用DFO显现预先湿润的纸张上的指纹 ,指纹的质量几乎不受影响 ,而用茚三酮和茚满二酮显现湿润纸张上的指纹 ,其质量差异非常明显。     

Comportement electrochimique d''oxocarbones et d''aci-reductones en relation avec le transport d''electrons dans les processus biologiques—III: etude de la reduction du derive dihydro de la ninhydrine

The determination of chemical and electrochemical steps with respect to pH for the reduction of ninhydrin 1 at the mercury electrode gives the order of reduction of its different carbonyl groups, whether hydrated or not.

The interpretation of coloured reactions of 1 in basic solution is modified on account of disproportionation of 1.     

Separation and Polychromatic Identification of Some Amino Acids Present in Carrot Protein

Abstract

An efficient one dimensional thin-layer chromatography separation of seven amino acids known to be present in carrot was developed. The thin-layer plates were coated with an adsorbent of microcrystalline cellulose. Several solvent systems were evaluated with a butanol, acetone, water, dicyclohexane solvent giving a good separation of the amino acids. Detection was accomplished by spraying with ninhydrin.     

蒸氨工段运行总结

采用蒸氨工艺回收浓氨水( 180 tt)制成液氨,实现等压氨回收工段氨水零排放,环境效益显著.实际运行情况表明:蒸氨工段每天可回收液氨超过8t,年直接经济效益可达180万元以上,1年即可收回投资.