乳液插层法制备丁苯橡胶/天然橡胶/蒙脱土纳米复合材料的研究

采用乳液插层法制备了丁苯橡胶/天然橡胶/蒙脱土（SBR/NR/MMT）纳米复合材料。采用透射电子显微镜研究了复合材料的亚微观形态,并对复合材料的性能进行了研究。透射电镜结果显示,制备出了插层型的SBR/NR/MMT复合材料。当蒙脱土含量较低时,SBR/NR/MMT纳米复合材料的力学性能随蒙脱土用量的增加而增大。SBR/NR/MMT复合材料的耐油性能随蒙脱土含量的增加而提高。蒙脱土的加入对纳米复合材料的耐磨性能没有太大影响。     

聚苯胺改性蒙脱土/天然橡胶纳米复合材料的制备与性能

采用原位聚合法制备了聚苯胺质量分数为20% 的聚苯胺改性蒙脱土,并以此作为增强剂利用机械混炼法制备了聚苯胺改性蒙脱土( PANI － MMT) /天然橡胶( NR) 纳米复合材料。使用X 射线衍射仪、傅里叶变换红外光谱仪及扫描电镜等对PANI － MMT 和PANI － MMT/NR 复合材料的结构进行了表征,并考察了PANI － MMT/NR 复合材料的力学性能。结果表明,PANI － MMT/NR 复合材料形成了插层型纳米结构; 与普通的有机蒙脱土/NR 复合材料相比,PANI － MMT/NR 复合材料的力学性能明显提高,PANI － MMT 添加质量为20 份时其力学性能达到最好,并超过了添加40 份炭黑N 660 的NR 的力学性能。     

熔融插层法制备PP/MMT纳米复合材料的研究

通过熔融插层法制备了聚丙烯／蒙脱土（MMT）纳米复合材料，讨论了不同表面处理剂处理有机MMT以及MMT的填充量对复合材料的力学性能、热性能的影响．通过透射电镜（TEM）、X射线衍射、偏光显微镜等进一步研究了复合材料的微观结构。     

聚氯乙烯/蒙脱土纳米复合材料的研究

采用熔融插层法制备了聚氯乙烯(PVC) /蒙脱土(MMT)纳米复合材料并进行了表征,研究了PVC/MMT纳米复合材料的力学性能。结果表明:PVC进入到有机MMT的片层间形成了纳米复合材料,但PVC不能进入钠基MMT的片层间,形成纳米复合材料;蒙脱土的加入提高了PVC的力学性能,而且PVC/有机MMT纳米复合材料的拉伸和冲击强度总是优于PVC/钠基MMT复合材料;对PVC/有机MMT纳米复合材料而言,复合材料的V型缺口冲击比U型缺口冲击敏感,其力学性能随热处理时间延长而降低,但PVC/有机MMT复合材料比PVC/钠基MMT的抗热性好。     

PTT/MMT纳米复合材料的研究

采用熔融共混的方法制备了聚对苯二甲酸丙二醇酯/有机蒙脱土（PTT/MMT）纳米复合材料,通过DSC、热台偏光显微镜等研究了PTT/MMT纳米复合材料的结晶行为,测定了纳米复合材料的力学性能,并用熔体流变仪研究了PTT/MMT纳米复合材料熔体流变性能。结果表明：随着PTT/MMT纳米复合材料中蒙脱上含量的增加,PTT/MMT纳米复合材料的熔融结晶温度增高,纳米复合材料的力学性能有一定的提高;PTT-蒙脱土纳米复合材料熔体的流变性能随MMT含量的增加非牛顿性减弱,熔体的粘流活化能减小。     

原位插层法制备SMA/MMT纳米复合材料

采用原位聚合的方法制备了苯乙烯马来酸酐无规共聚物（SMA）/蒙脱土（MMT）纳米复合材料,研究了MMT的用量对插层效果的影响.研究表明,采用原位聚合的方法可制得SMA/MMT纳米复合材料,随着MMT用量的增加,SMA/MMT纳米复合材料逐渐由插层型过渡到部分剥离.并且将原位聚合所得SMA/MMT纳米复合材料再次进行熔融插层后,可得到剥离效果更为明显的纳米复合材料.制得的SMA/MMT纳米复合材料具有较好的加工性能.     

有机插层剂对聚酰胺6／MMT纳米复合材料制备的影响研究

以烷基胺、季铵盐和氨基酸作为有机插层剂与蒙脱土片层进行阳离子交换，制备出层间距不同的有机蒙脱土。采用熔融插层法和原位聚合法分别制备聚酰胺（R％）／蒙脱土（MMT）纳米复合材料，并利用XRD、FT-IR、TEM对有机蒙脱土及纳米复合材料进行结构表征。研究结果表明：用烷基胺、季铵盐和氨基酸有机插层剂改性的蒙脱土层间距由原来的1．25nm分别增大到3．21nm、3．99nm和1．82m；季铵盐有机插层剂更适用于熔融插层法制备PA6／MMT纳米复合材料，而氨基酸有机插层剂更适用于原位聚合法制备PA6／MMT纳米复合材料。     

三元乙丙橡胶/蒙脱土纳米复合材料Ⅰ制备、表征及流变性能

用熔融插层和丙烯酰胺作为桥联剂成功地制备了三元乙丙橡胶（EPDM）／蒙脱土（MMT）纳米复合材料。X射线衍射（XRD）和透射电镜（TEM）的结果表明，形成的纳米复合材料为剥离型。研究了丙烯酰胺在该纳米复合材料制作中的桥联作用及材料的流变性能。结果表明：选择丙烯酰胺作为桥联剂，完全可以在熔融状态下制备EPDM／MMT纳米复合材料，随着有机粘土加入量的增加，复合体系的粘度降低，加工性能改善，而交联密度在经历最大值后下降，有机蒙脱土具有延迟硫化和促进硫化的双重功效。复合材料的力学性能有了极大的提高，这些性能与蒙脱土的精细分散结构有着密切的关系。     

高密度聚乙烯／蒙脱土纳米复合材料的制备与性能研究

采用马来酸酐接枝乙烯醋酸乙烯酯（EVA-g-MAH）和马来酸酐接枝低密度聚乙烯（PE-LD-g-MAH）为相容剂，制备了高密度聚乙烯傣脱土（PE-HD／MMT）纳米复合材料。用X射线衍射和扫描电镜对有机蒙脱土和PE-HD／MMT复合材料的结构进行了表征，研究了蒙脱土和相容剂含量对制备的纳米复合材料力学性能及热性能的影响。结果表明，相容剂的加入有利于插层。MMT在复合材料中呈纳米级分散。其层间距可由2．10nm增大至3．85nm。MMT含量为3％（质量分数，下同）、EVA-g-MAH含量为15％时，复合材料的综合力学性能最好，冲击强度和拉伸强度分别较PE-HD提高43．7％和5.8％。     

天然橡胶/固相改性钙基蒙脱土纳米复合材料的结构与性能

采用固相改性方法对钙基蒙脱土进行了有机改性,通过机械混炼法插层制备了天然橡胶/蒙脱土纳米复合材料。利用X射线衍射仪（XRD）和透射电镜（TEM）表征了纳米复合材料的结构和形态,通过硫化仪和表观交联密度研究了橡胶与蒙脱土的相互作用,同时考察了不同偶联剂改性的蒙脱土/天然橡胶复合材料的静态力学性能和动态力学性能。研究结果发现：有机蒙脱土不但对天然橡胶具有很好的促进硫化作用,而且具有明显的补强效果,可大幅度提高材料的力学性能,同时改善天然橡胶动态力学性能。     

Thermal stability,aging properties,and flame resistance of NR‐based nanocomposite

Polymer/clay nanocomposites have some unique properties due to combination of flame resistance and improved mechanical and thermal stability properties which are important to enhance the material quality and performance. The objective of this work was to investigate the effect of organically modified montmorillonite (org‐MMT) on the thermal and flame retardant as well as hardness and mechanical properties of the nanocomposites based on the natural rubber (NR). It was shown that by the addition of 3 wt % of org‐MMT to NR, its aging hardness rise was decreased more than 55% and the ignition time was delayed about 150%. The reduction in heat release rate peak value was equal to 54% compared to the pristine NR. Addition of org‐MMT improved the thermal stability of the NR. Furthermore, nanocomposites which were calendared before curing showed much more thermal stability and fire resistance than those which contained similar amount of organoclay. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011     

天然橡胶/有机蒙脱土纳米复合材料的耐磨耗性能研究

采用4种不同牌号的有机化蒙脱土(OMMT),利用机械共混法制备出了NR/OMMT纳米复合材料,研究了复合材料的力学性能和耐磨性能,进行了透射电镜(TEM)和扫描电镜(SEM)分析。结果表明复合材料的力学性能和耐磨性都有不同程度的提高。TEM结果表明制备出了分散均匀的剥离型NR/OMMT纳米复合材料,通过纳米复合材料磨耗后的磨耗图纹及SEM表面形貌进行对比分析来探讨OMMT在橡胶中的耐磨机理。     

黏土/天然橡胶纳米复合材料的制备及性能

利用乳液插层法制备了黏土／天然橡胶纳米复合材料,研究了该复合材料的力学性能、应力应变行为、耐磨性、气体阻隔性和耐老化性能。结果表明,黏土／天然橡胶纳米复合材料与高耐磨炭黑(N330)、白炭黑增强橡胶相比,邵尔A型硬度、定伸应力和撕裂强度较高,拉伸强度相当。黏土、N330以及白炭黑对天然橡胶的拉伸结晶有影响,填料用量对材料拉伸强度的影响存在最佳值。黏土／天然橡胶纳米复合材料具有良好的耐磨性、气体阻隔性和耐老化性能。     

BR/CB/OMMT纳米复合材料的结构与性能研究

采用溶液插层法与双辊混炼法制备了顺丁橡胶/炭黑/有机蒙脱土（BR/CB/OMMT）纳米复合材料,用透射电子显微镜（TEM）以及X射线衍射（XRD）方法对复合材料的亚微观结构进行了表征,并研究了复合材料的力学特性、耐磨耗性能以及硫化特性。结果表明：BR/CB/OMMT为插层型纳米复合材料;在OMMT含量小于4份时,BR/CB/OMMT纳米复合材料具有优异的力学性能和耐磨耗性能;OMMT起到了硫化促进剂的作用,降低了BR的焦烧时间（TS）和正硫化时间（T90）;低填充量OMMT可提高复合材料的交联密度。     

Abrasion studies of nylon 6/montmorillonite nanocomposites using scanning electron microscopy,fourier transform infrared spectroscopy,and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy

In this article, abrasion performance of commercial nylon 6 and nylon 6/montmorillonite (MMT) nanocomposites was studied. The polymer nanocomposites showed poor abrasion resistance compared to the neat polymer. The wear loss increased linearly with clay concentration. Changes in surface morphology, composition, and structure were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR)‐attenuated total reflection spectroscopy, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). SEM images showed that all the abraded surfaces contained fractured particles. However, the abraded nanocomposite surfaces had much deeper grooves compared to the homopolymer. FTIR results showed an increase in the amount of α crystals and a decrease in the amount of γ crystals on all the surfaces after abrasion. This was attributed to the strain‐induced γ to α crystal transformation. The largest amount of α crystals was formed in the abraded surface of pure nylon 6, and the amount of α crystals formed decreased with increasing MMT content. XPS results showed an increase in the [Si]/[N] elemental ratio for all nanocomposites after abrasion, indicating an increase in the clay content of the surface. Abrasive wear mechanism is as follows: (1) tensile tearing is the dominant wear mechanism for all the samples; (2) the cutting mechanism becomes more important when MMT content increases; (3) the polymer matrix is easier to be removed than clay during the abrasion process; (4) in nylon 6/MMT systems, the poor abrasion resistance is attributed to defects at the clay‐polymer interface, resulting in greater wear of the polymer matrix. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009     

Preparation,characterization, and application of NR/SBR/Organoclay nanocomposites in the tire industry

The natural rubber/styrene butadiene rubber/organoclay (NR/SBR/organoclay) nanocomposites were successfully prepared with different types of organoclay by direct compounding. The optimal type of organoclay was selected by the mechanical properties characterization of the NR/SBR/organoclay composites. The series of NR/SBR/organoclay (the optimal organoclay) nanocomposites were prepared with various organoclay contents loading from 1.0 to 7.0 parts per hundreds of rubber (phr). The nearly completely exfoliated organoclay nanocomposites with uniform dispersion were confirmed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X‐ray diffraction (XRD). The results of mechanical properties measurement showed that the tensile strength, tensile modulus, and tear strength were improved significantly when the organoclay content was less than 5.0 phr. The tensile strength and the tear strength of the nanocomposite with only 3.0 phr organoclay were improved by 92.8% and 63.4%, respectively. It showed organoclay has excellent reinforcement effect with low content. The reduction of the score and cure times of the composites indicated that the organoclay acted as accelerator in the process of vulcanization. The incorporation of a small amount of organoclay greatly improved the swelling behavior and thermal stability, which was attributed to the good barrier properties of the dispersed organoclay layers. The outstanding performance of co‐reinforcement system with organoclay in the tire formulation showed that the organoclay had a good application prospect in the tire industry, especially for the improvement of abrasion resistance and the reduction of production cost. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011     

黏土及界面剂对乳液插层法天然橡胶纳米复合材料结构与性能的影响

采用乳液插层法制备了黏土/天然橡胶(NR)纳米复合材料,考察了蒙脱土(MMT)、累托石(REC)2种黏土和用界面剂等量替代NR的方式对复合材料微观结构及性能的影响.结果表明,在2种纳米复合材料中,大部分MMT和REC均以纳米片层结构分散在橡胶基体中,与REC片层相比,MMT片层边界模糊且稍微有些弯曲,且层间距变化较大,...     

Preparation,structure, and properties of montmorillonite/cellulose II/natural rubber nanocomposites

In this work, sodium montmorillonite clay was added, as filler, to nanocomposites of natural rubber (NR) and cellulose II (regenerated cellulose) in amounts varying from 0 to 5 phr (per hundred resin). Natural rubber (NR)/cellulose II/montmorillonite nanocomposites were prepared by co‐coagulating NR latex, montmorillonite aqueous suspension and cellulose xanthate. The clay was previously exfoliated in water, and the resulting suspension was then added to the mixture of NR latex with cellulose xanthate. Morphological, rheometric, mechanical, and dynamic mechanical properties were evaluated, and an increase in these properties was observed upon the addition of cellulose and clay nanomaterials to the rubber matrix. The results show the advantage in using cellulose as a nanopolymer as well as MMT as nanofiller. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011