超重力法回收火炸药厂的混合溶剂

为回收三元混合溶剂(丙酮、乙酸乙酯、水)对HMX转晶时挥发的部分溶剂(丙酮和乙酸乙酯),采用高效传质的旋转填料床对其进行了回收利用.考察了转速、液体流量和循环时间对吸收效果的影响.结果表明,转速和液体流量对混合溶剂的吸收有明显影响,实验的最佳操作参数为转速1 000 r/min,液体流量2 m3/h,液体循环时间12 h.旋转填料床对混合溶剂的吸收具有良好的环保和经济价值.     

超重力法吸收醋酸尾气中试研究

为解决在用醋酐法生产HMX的过程中挥发出来的大量醋酸溶剂,采用中试用的超重力旋转填料床对醋酸尾气进行吸收.采用生消水作为循环吸收剂,考察了超重力因子、液体流量和循环时间对液相醋酸质量分数的影响.结果表明,在超重力因子111、液体循环量0.3 m3、液体流量1.0 m3/h、循环时间12 h后,液相醋酸的质量分数达到60%以上,每年回收的醋酸直接经济效益可达135万元.     

泡沫陶瓷填料旋转填充床微观混合性能

采用碘化物-碘酸盐平行竞争反应为工作体系,以离集指数（X_S）表征微观混合性能,实验考察了物料体积流量、H⁺浓度、旋转填充床转速、物料体积流量比等对两种不同孔径的新型整体泡沫陶瓷填料旋转填充床的微观混合性能的影响。结果表明,孔径较小的泡沫陶瓷填料更利于微观混合;H⁺浓度、进料体积流量比的增加会导致X_S增加;而旋转填充床转速、进料流量的增大都可使X_S下降。在实验研究的基础上,利用团聚模型计算泡沫陶瓷填料旋转填充床微观混合时间（t_m）,得到t_m范围为0.385～8.55 ms。与传统不锈钢丝网填料对比,泡沫陶瓷填料t_m最小值（0.385 ms）低于不锈钢丝网填料的t_m最小值（1.6 ms）,表明泡沫陶瓷填料的微观混合性能优于传统不锈钢丝网填料。     

三角形螺旋填料旋转床全回流精馏性能研究

为了寻找强化气液传质过程的有效途径,自制了1套小型旋转填料床,床内填充了φ2mm×2mm三角形螺旋填料,以乙醇-水为实验物系,进行全回流精馏实验研究.实验结果表明:三角形螺旋填料旋转床存在一最佳转速nopt=1050r/min,当转速nnopt时,理论板数随液体流量和气体流量的增大而减小,且减小的很快.在nopt=1050r/min、液体流量L=14.7L/h、气体流量V=7.4m3/h时传质效果最好,每米填料相当于88块理论板,在适宜的转速范围内每米填料相当于62～88块理论板.三角形螺旋填料旋转床使传质过程得到极大强化,其传质效果比重力场三角形螺旋填料塔提高1倍左右.     

网板填料复合旋转床的流体力学与传质性能

开发了一种新型的气液接触设备——网板填料复合旋转床。常压下以空气-水物系和乙醇-水物系在网板填料复合旋转床中进行流体力学与传质性能实验,考察了气液流量和转子转速对网板填料复合旋转床压降和传质性能的影响。实验结果表明,气体流量和转子转速的增大均使干、湿床气相压降增大;液体流量的增加对湿床压降的影响不明显。回流量和转速的增加均使等板高度减少至一定值后几乎不变。网板填料复合旋转床具有通量大、效率高、压降小的特点。     

测定旋转填料床持液量的一种新方法

介绍了一种在线测定旋转填料床持液量的方法和装置,填料持液量以闭合电路中欧姆电阻的阻值体现。考察了不同液体流量、转子转速、液体黏度和气体流量时错流旋转填料床的持液量。结果表明,持液量随液体流量和黏度的增大而增大,随转速增大而减小,气体流量影响不明显。与传统填料塔比较,旋转填料床负荷小、相间接触面积大,强化了气液传质过程。使用量纲分析法对试验数据进行非线性回归得到关于持液量的关联式,此式较好地吻合了试验数据。     

泡沫陶瓷填料旋转填充床微观混合性能

采用碘化物-碘酸盐平行竞争反应为工作体系,以离集指数(XS)表征微观混合性能,实验考察了物料体积流量、H+浓度、旋转填充床转速、物料体积流量比等对两种不同孔径的新型整体泡沫陶瓷填料旋转填充床的微观混合性能的影响。结果表明,孔径较小的泡沫陶瓷填料更利于微观混合;H+浓度、进料体积流量比的增加会导致XS增加;而旋转填充床转速、进料流量的增大都可使XS下降。在实验研究的基础上,利用团聚模型计算泡沫陶瓷填料旋转填充床微观混合时间(tm),得到tm范围为0.385~8.55 ms。与传统不锈钢丝网填料对比,泡沫陶瓷填料tm最小值(0.385 ms)低于不锈钢丝网填料的tm最小值(1.6 ms),表明泡沫陶瓷填料的微观混合性能优于传统不锈钢丝网填料。     

O_3/UV工艺处理罗丹明B染料废水的研究

以超重力旋转填充床(RPB)为反应装置,研究了O_3/UV工艺处理罗丹明B染料废水的效果。考察了旋转填充床转速、液体流量、催化剂P25质量浓度、臭氧质量浓度等因素对脱色率和COD去除率的影响。结果表明,随着旋转填充床转速、液体循环量、催化剂P25质量浓度以及臭氧质量浓度的增加,罗丹明B废水的处理效果增加;当温度为25℃、液体体积为2 L、RPB转速为1 000 r/min、废水pH为4、气体体积流量为150 L/h、液体循环量为30 L/h、臭氧质量浓度为35 mg/L、催化剂P25质量浓度为400 mg/L时,罗丹明B废水经处理20 min后脱色率和COD去除率分别可达100%和40%。     

NTA-HEDTA复配络合铁溶液在错流旋转填料床内脱除H_2S的研究

针对传统湿式氧化法脱硫技术工作硫容低、液气体积比高的不足,采用NTA-HEDTA复配络合铁溶液在错流旋转填料床中进行脱除H2S的研究,以期进一步节约能耗。配制了一种NTA-HEDTA复配络合铁溶液,考察了气体流量、液体流量、错流旋转填料床转速、温度、pH对配方溶液脱硫性能的影响,对配方溶液的稳定性进行了研究。结果表明,配方溶液最优配比为n(NTA)∶n(HEDTA)∶n(Fe3+)=1∶5∶5,工作硫容为2.64 g/L;最适宜工艺条件气体流量G=3 m3/h,液体流量L=50 L/h,错流旋转填料床转速1 000 r/min,温度T=25℃,pH=8.5时,脱硫率达到97%,液气体积比仅为16.67 L/m3,添加稳定剂苯甲酸钠可有效减缓配方溶液再生过程中络合剂的降解。     

并流旋转床压降与传质特性的研究

利用水-空气系统对并流旋转床的气相压降进行了研究,并与逆流旋转床气相压降进行了对比。研究结果表明：并流较逆流旋转床的气相压降低;并流旋转床的气相压降随气体流量的增大而增大,随液体流量的增大而减小,随转速的增大明显降低;而逆流旋转床的气相压降随转速的增大明显升高。利用水吸收SO2的实验对并流旋转床的传质特性进行了研究。研究结果表明：并流旋转床填料层内各点的体积传质系数随着气体流量、液体流量和转速的增大而增大;填料层半径由70mm增大至90mm时,并流旋转床的体积传质系数迅速增大,而后并流旋转床的体积传质系数随半径的增大而减小。对并流和逆流旋转床填料层内体积传质系数进行了对比。结果表明：填料层半径由70mm增大至130mm时,并流旋转床的体积传质系数较逆流时大;当半径大于130mm后,逆流旋转床的体积传质系数大于并流旋转床的体积传质系数,且随半径增大而增大。根据研究结果,提出了降低系统压降的设想,即并流与逆流旋转床串联操作。     

Sapindaceae,cyanolipids, and bugs

Scentless plant bugs (Heteroptera: Rhopalidae) are so named because adults of the Serinethinae have vestigial metathoracic scent glands. Serinethines are seed predators of Sapindales, especially Sapindaceae that produce toxic cyanolipids. In two serinethine species whose ranges extend into the southern United States,Jadera haematoloma andJ. sanguinolenta, sequestration of host cyanolipids as glucosides renders these gregarious, aposematic insects unpalatable to a variety of predators. The blood glucoside profile and cyanogenesis ofJadera varies depending on the cyanolipid chemistry of hosts, and adults and larvae fed golden rain tree seeds (Koelreuteria paniculata) excrete the volatile lactone, 4-methyl-2(5H)-furanone, to which they are attracted.Jadera fed balloon vine seeds (Cardiospermum spp.) do not excrete the attractive lactone. Loss of the usual heteropteran defensive glands in serinethines may have coevolved with host specificity on toxic plants, and the orientation ofJadera to a volatile excretory product could be an adaptive response to save time.Mention of a commercial product does not consititute an endorsement by the USDA.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

2008～2009年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2008年7月～2009年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2008～2009年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况。按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、环氧树脂、不饱和聚酯树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍。