不同含量Ce对Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷的结构和性能的影响

采用固溶型Ti(C,N)、Mo2C、WC、Co、Ni、Ce作为原料粉末,通过粉末冶金真空液相烧结Ce改性的Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷材料,并对金属陶瓷复合材料的微观形貌和性能进行分析。研究结果表明,添加稀土Ce后,Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷的硬质相变得细小且均匀,微观组织中的空隙和缺陷也减少了;随着Ce含量的增加,金属陶瓷材料的维氏硬度、抗弯强度以及断裂韧性均呈现出先增大后逐渐减小的趋势,当Ce的含量增加到0.5 wt%时,金属陶瓷材料的维氏硬度、抗弯强度以及断裂韧性达到最佳,分别为102.3 HRA、902.2 MPa、11.5 MPa·m1/2。     

Mo对Ti(C,N)金属陶瓷组织结构和力学性能影响

以原始粉体作为原料,采用传统的粉末冶金方法制备Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷,研究不同钼含量对Ti(C,N)金属陶瓷的显微组织结构和力学性能的影响。根据设计的成分配方,采用传统的粉末冶金方法按照优选的工艺来制备一系列的金属陶瓷试样,在不改变金属陶瓷硬度和抗热震能力的基础上,尽量提高其硬度和其他力学性能。对烧结试样的表面进行必要的处理,采用X射线衍射(XRD)、金相显微镜、维氏硬度仪等表征方法研究了Mo含量对Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷组织结构和力学性能的影响。实验结果表明:Mo含量在(5wt%～10wt%)范围内,材料的相对密度随Mo含量的增加而提高,而Mo含量在(5wt%～10wt%)范围内,材料的相对密度随Mo含量的增加而降低,Mo含量为10wt%时,金属陶瓷的相对密度最高。在Mo含量一定的范围内(5wt%～15wt%),随着Mo含量的增加,硬度先升高后降低,断裂韧性降低,分别掺加10wt%Mo和5wt%Mo时获得最大的硬度和断裂韧性。随着热震温度的升高和热循环次数的增加,金属陶瓷中的裂纹增多;钼含量较低的Ti(C,N)金属陶瓷抗热震性能较好,当钼含量为15wt%时,压痕裂纹扩展较明显。     

粉末分散对Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷力学性能的影响

由平均粒径为0．2μm的TiC，TiN细粉，经1430℃，1h真空烧结制备了Ti(C，N)基金属陶瓷。由扫描电镜和强度、硬度测量研究了金属陶瓷的微观结构和性能。原料粉末以聚氧乙烯十二烷基醚为分散剂．蒸馏水为液体介质，溶液pH值保持在6～7之间，并使用超声波分散，悬浮液过筛后烘干。扫描电镜分析表明：经分散后的粉末颗粒团聚较少、分散良好。分散后细粉以相同工艺制备得Ti(C，N)基金属陶瓷。与未分散细粉烧结体对比表明：由分散细粉获得的金属陶瓷的硬度、抗弯强度均优于未分散细粉制备的烧结体，前者的硬度HRh为90．2，抗弯强度为2108MPa；后者分别为89和1983MPa，其微观结构特征为存在较多的细小均匀的黑芯白壳包覆层结构。细粉分散后，颗粒大小的分布较均匀而影响了液相烧结中的溶解-析出过程，这是金属陶瓷微观结构和性能得到改善的重要原因。     

添加碳化钛对超细Ti(C,N)-Ni金属陶瓷显微结构和力学性能的影响

用传统粉末冶金法制备了添加碳化钛(TiC)的Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷.为了得到超细晶粒的显微结构,主要硬质相[Ti(C,N),TiC和TiN]的初始粉末粒度为纳米、亚微米级.通过扫描电子显微镜观察,发现了一种新的白芯/灰壳结构,揭示了其形成机制.此外,通过能谱仪分析,获得了各相的化学成分.用X射线衍射仪并通过计算得出了各相的点阵参数.对室温下该材料的力学性能进行了测试,并尝试把它们与金属陶瓷的原始成分和显微结构的特点联系起来.     

Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷的显微结构和力学性能研究

采用真空热压烧结工艺制备三种不同掺杂的Ti（C,N）基金属陶瓷。借助于SEM分析了其显微结构,并测试了其力学性能和相对密度。实验结果表明：配方41.2wt%TiC-10wt%TiN-14wt%（Ni＋Co）-12wt%Mo2C-15wt%WC-6wt%TaC-0.8wt%Cr2C3-1wt%C的金属陶瓷综合性能最好,晶粒较细、均匀,具有明显的黑芯-灰壳结构;气孔较少,致密度较高。断裂机理主要是沿晶断裂,部分为混合型断裂（穿晶断裂和沿晶断裂）。金属相存在着明显的撕裂棱。其维氏硬度为12.5GPa,断裂韧性为8.9MPa·m1/2,抗弯强度为1286MPa,相对密度达到了99.2%。     

Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷氧化后的显微结构与力学性能

研究了Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷的高温抗氧化性能。采用X R D、SEM分析了样品氧化后的物相组成及显微结构,并测试了试样氧化前后的抗弯强度和维氏硬度。实验结果表明:Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷在800℃时氧化不明显,但抗弯强度开始下降;样品在900℃时开始剧烈氧化,材料的抗弯强度呈现明显的下降趋势,试样氧化前后的硬度变化较小。随着氧化温度的升高,氧化层厚度明显增加,Ti(C,N)被氧化变成TiO 2。     

添加碳化钛对超细Ti(C,N)–Ni金属陶瓷显微结构和力学性能的影响(英文)

用传统粉末冶金法制备了添加碳化钛(TiC)的Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷。为了得到超细晶粒的显微结构,主要硬质相[Ti(C,N),TiC和TiN]的初始粉末粒度为纳米、亚微米级。通过扫描电子显微镜观察,发现了一种新的白芯/灰壳结构,揭示了其形成机制。此外,通过能谱仪分析,获得了各相的化学成分。用X射线衍射仪并通过计算得出了各相的点阵参数。对室温下该材料的力学性能进行了测试,并尝试把它们与金属陶瓷的原始成分和显微结构的特点联系起来。     

Cr3C2和VC对Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷中环形相的价电子结构和性能的影响

根据固体与分子经验电子理论，计算了Ti(C，N)基金属陶瓷中界面环形相的价电子结构，讨论了其价电子结构与塑性间的关系。当材料晶体结构相同时，Σna可用来比较其塑性的相对高低。Cr在环形相(Ti，Mo)(C，N)中的固溶，可使其塑性增强，V在环形相中的固溶将使其塑性变差。在计算的基础上进行实验，实验结果表明：Cr3C2的适量加入确实有利于提高金属陶瓷的强度，最终所制备出金属陶瓷的强度比典型成分体系材料的提高了1倍以上；尽管VC的加入能使材料的晶粒得到有效地细化，但它使环形相塑性降低，使金属陶瓷的抗弯强度略有增加。     

镀镍碳纳米管对Ti(C、N)-Co金属陶瓷材料力学性能的影响分析

研究了镀镍碳纳米管对Ti(C、N)-Ni金属陶瓷材料显微结构和力学性能的影响。通过真空烧结方法制备出了Ti(C、N)-Ni金属陶瓷。其显微结构存在两种晶粒组织结构,一种是黑芯/灰环,另一种是白芯/灰环。且随着镀镍碳纳米管添加量的增加,显微结构呈现粗化的趋势。镀镍碳纳米管对金属陶瓷力学性能的影响是显著的。结果表明,抗弯强度和硬度随着碳纳米管添加量的增加呈现先增加后减小的趋势,抗弯强度和断裂韧性分别在添加量为1wt%和2.5wt%时达到最大值,而断裂韧性在镀镍碳纳米管添加量为0~2.5wt%范围内随镀镍碳纳米管添加量的增大而增大且在2.5wt%时达最大值。     

Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷性能影响因素及发展趋势

Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷作为一种新型的工具材料,具有密度低、室温硬度和高温硬度都优于WC基硬质合金、化学稳定性和抗氧化性好、耐磨性好等优点。介绍了Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷的基本组成和结构,组织性能及其影响因素,综述了Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷的研究现状,指出了其未来的发展方向和应用。     

Ti(C,N)-based cermets with fine grains and uniformly dispersed binders: Effect of the Ni–Co based binders

Metallic binder is a key factor affecting the microstructure and mechanical properties of Ti(C,N)-based cermets. To optimize the overall performances, cermets with various weight ratios of Ni/(Co + Ni) ranging from 0 to 1 were fabricated by gas pressure sintering. Microstructure, phase formation, interface structure and related mechanical properties of the sintered cermets were investigated. With the increase of the Ni/(Co + Ni) ratios, the black cores became smaller and grains of Ti(C,N) dispersed uniformly. Compared to the pure Ni or Co, Ni–Co binders accelerated the formation of rim phases, and avoided the nonuniform dispersed binder pools. When the ratio was 0.5, the cermets showed fine grains, uniformly dispersed binders and small lattice misfit of the core-rim interface, exhibiting the optimal mechanical properties, i.e. satisfactory Vickers hardness of 1670 (HV30) Kgf/mm², bending strength of 1970 MPa and Fracture toughness of 8.94 MPa m^0.5. This work sheds light on constructing the relationship between the microstructure, mechanical performance of Ti(C,N)-based cermets and the Ni/Co-based binders.     

Strengthened Ti(C,N)-based cermets using high-energy ball-milled NiTiC binders: Microstructure and mechanical properties

High-energy ball-milled NiTiC powders were used for preparing Ti(C, N)-based cermets. Effect of NiTiC content on the morphology, composition, interface structure and mechanical properties of cermets were investigated. NiTiC binders promoted the formation of inner rims on Ti(C, N) cores and hindered their coalescence, leading to well-distributed microstructure. Binder had little effect on the composition of rims, but greatly affected the interface structure of core-rim and rim-binder. Complete inner rim could decrease the lattice mismatch between outer rim and core, forming highly coherent interface. With increasing the Ti-C in Ni, the rim-binder boundaries evolved from semi-coherent to coherent interface, due to the decreased lattice mismatch. Small difference in Vickers hardness of cermets was found, with the values ranging from 1622 to 1684 N/mm². Bending strength of cermets increased from 1330 to 2073?MPa, with the Ti-C content from 0 to 20?wt%. Further increasing the Ti-C could lead to thick rims, resulting in decreased strength and toughness. This work showed us a way to strengthen the Ti(C, N)-based cermets via modifying the interface structure.     

Effects of TiC/TiN addition on the microstructure and mechanical properties of ultra-fine grade Ti (C, N)–Ni cermets

Two series of Ti (C, N)-based cermets, one with TiC addition and the other with TiN addition, were fabricated by conventional powder metallurgy technique. The initial powder particle size of the main hard phase components (Ti (C, N), TiC and TiN) was nano/submicron-sized, in order to achieve an ultra-fine grade final microstructure. The TiC and TiN addition can improve the mechanical properties of Ti (C, N)-based cermets to some degree. Ultra-fine grade Ti (C, N)-based cermets present a typical core/rim (black core and grayish rim) as well as a new kind of bright core and grayish rim structure. The average metallic constituent of this bright core is determined to be 62 at% Ti, 25 at% Mo, and 13 at% W by SEM–EDX. The bright core structure is believed to be formed during the solid state sintering stage, as extremely small Ti (C, N)/TiC/TiN particles are completely consumed by surrounding large WC and Mo₂C particles. Low carbon activity in the binder phase will result in the formation (Ni₂Mo₂W)C_x intermetallic phase, and the presence of this phase plays a very important role in determining the mechanical properties of TiN addition cermets.     

Submicron Ti(C,N)-based cermets with improved microstructure using high-energy milled and subsequent heat-treated ultrafine Ti(C,N) powders

Ti(C,N)-based cermets with ultrafine or submicron black core-rim grains are attracting candidates for high-quality tools and dies, due to their high hardness and strength. However, high chemical activity of ultrafine Ti(C,N) powders lead to the increased instability and difficulty to control the sintering process, since the denitrification and interface diffusion are accelerated during the solid-state reaction. Based on this, owing to the unrealized commercial ultrafine-grade powders, ultrafine Ti(C,N) powders with an average grain size around 150 nm, low oxygen content and few dislocations are fabricated via the high-energy ball milling and subsequent heat treatment of commercial micron Ti(C,N) powders. Related morphology evolution, microstructure and composition of the ultrafine Ti(C,N) powders are investigated. Dense submicron Ti(C,N)-based cermets with grain size of 0.62 μm and uniform core-rim phases are successfully prepared by using the as-fabricated ultrafine Ti(C,N) powders. Compared to cermets via the conventional high-energy milling route, submicron Ti(C,N)-based cermets exhibit higher hardness of 1750 ± 40 N/mm², bending strength of 1960 ± 135 MPa, and satisfactory fracture toughness of 9.2 MPa m^1/2, owing to smaller grain size, uniform microstructure and partial black core-rim grains.     

Effect of WC content on the microstructures and corrosion behavior of Ti(C,N)-based cermets

The influence of WC content on the microstructure and corrosion behavior of Ti(C, N)-based cermets in 2 mol/L nitric acid solution was studied in this paper. There exists typical core/rim structure in the cermets. The cores appear black or white, and the rim is divided into white inner rim and grey outer rim. The undissolved Ti(C, N) particles normally appear as black cores, while the white core, inner rim and outer rim are (Ti, W, Mo) (C, N) solid solution formed at different sintering stages. The inner rim and white core appear brighter atomic contrast than the outer rim and black core, which is attributed to their higher W and Mo content. The thickness of the inner rim increases with WC addition, but the grain size of core/rim phase becomes finer. Meanwhile, the amount of white cores increases and that of black cores decreases. WC is more easily oxidized and dissolved in the nitric acid solution, compared with Ti(C, N). Therefore, the degradation of inner rim phase and the white core becomes more considerable with the increase of WC content. Consequently, the corrosion rate of cermets increases and the corrosion resistance of Ti(C, N)-based cermets is deteriorated with the increase of WC content.     

Influence of molybdenum addition on the microstructure and mechanical properties of TiC-based cermets with nano-TiN modification

Effect of Mo addition on the microstructure and mechanical properties of TiC–TiN(nm)–WC–Co–Ni–C system cermets was studied in the work. Specimens were fabricated by conventional powder metallurgy techniques. The microstructure was investigated using transmission electron microscope (TEM) and the scanning electron microscope (SEM). Chemical compositions of different phases such as ceramic phase with core/rim structure [the core being TiC and rim being (Ti,W,Mo)(C,N)] and metallic phase were analyzed quantitatively by EDX. Mechanical properties such as flexural strength, fracture toughness and hardness were also measured. Results show that flexural strength and fracture toughness have a trend to decline with increasing Mo addition, but the change of hardness is not apparent with the increase of Mo addition. Results also reveal that finer microstructure and thicker rim phase will be obtained with the increase of Mo addition. The optimal addition of Mo can be estimated to be 4 wt.% with respect to TiC–10TiN(nm)–15WC–5Co–Mo–5Ni–1C system cermets. Fracture micrographs show that main failure mode of the cermets is a mixed one, i.e., trans-granular and inter-granular fractures both exist.     

Experimental and thermodynamic investigation of gradient zone formation for Ti(C,N)-based cermets sintered in nitrogen atmosphere

The influence of N₂ atmosphere on the microstructure of gradient zone in Ti(C,N)-Mo₂C-Ni cermet was systematically investigated by the coupling analysis of experimental characterization and thermodynamic calculation. Under the guidance of calculated carbon window, the composition of Ti(C,N)-Mo₂C-Ni cermet was designed, and the cermet was produced via liquid-phase sintering at 1450 °C for 2 h under N₂ pressure of 20, 200, 400 and 600 mbar. The microstructure and element distribution of cermet were analyzed by using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) equipped with Energy Dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). A homogeneous microstructure was obtained for cermet sintered in 20-mbar nitrogen atmosphere, whereas the thickness of gradient layer increased with nitrogen pressure. EDX mapping demonstrate that Mo and Ti are enriched in gradient zone, while Ni is lacking and partially segregated near the surface. The diffusion of elements in cermet is caused by the different nitrogen activity between surface and interior. The carbonitride grains show typical black core and gray rim structure in the bulk of cermets, while it present light-gray core and gray rim in the surface gradient layer. In addition, the Vickers microhardness measurement was performed for the gradient zone of cermets, and the hardness increased for cermets sintered in higher nitrogen pressures, which exhibit slower grain growth phenomena.     

Microstructure and mechanical properties of Ti(C,N)-based cermets fabricated by in situ carbothermal reduction of TiO2 and subsequent liquid phase sintering

Ti(C,N)-based cermets were prepared by in situ carbothermal reduction of TiO₂ and subsequent liquid phase sintering in one single process in vacuum. The densification behavior, phase transformation, and microstructure evolution of the cermets were investigated by DSC, XRD, SEM, and EDX. The results showed that the carbothermal reduction of TiO₂ was completed below 1250 °C, and Ti(C,N)-based cermets with refined grains were obtained after sintered at 1400 °C for 1 h by this method. The hard phase of the cermets mainly exhibited white core/gray rim structure, in great contrast to the typical black core/gray rim structure of hard phase in traditional cermets. Ti(C,N)-based cermets prepared by this novel method showed excellent mechanical properties with a transverse rupture strength of 2516±55 MPa, a Rockwell hardness of 88.6±0.1 HRA, and a fracture toughness of 18.4±0.7 MPa m^1/2, respectively.