AgSnO_2触头材料电弧侵蚀特征的分子动力学模拟

研究电接触材料电弧侵蚀作用过程中灭弧过程的微观机理,采用分子动力学和实验的方法对反应合成的AgSnO2电接触材料的熔池行为进行模拟。结果表明:根据起弧时的物相所构建的模型,能够准确地模拟熔池特征,熔池内部物质运动和存在状态是决定耐电弧侵蚀的关键因素。可通过增加反应合成AgSnO2电接触材料与基体浸润的氧化物组分,以及氧化物发生物态变化、化学分解过程来达到熄弧的目的。     

Structural,optical, and electrical properties of phase-controlled cesium lead iodide nanowires

Cesium lead iodide (CsPbI3),in its black perovskite phase,has a suitable bandgap and high quantum efficiency for photovoltaic applications.However,CsPbI3 tends to crystalize into a yellow non-perovskite phase,which has poor optoelectronic properties,at room temperature.Therefore,controlling the phase transition in CsPbI3 is critical for practical application of this material.Here we report a systematic study of the phase transition of one-dimensional CsPbI3 nanowires and their corresponding structural,optical,and electrical properties.We show the formation of perovskite black phase CsPbI3 nanowires from the non-perovskite yellow phase through rapid thermal quenching.Post-transformed black phase CsPbI3 nanowires exhibit increased photoluminescence emission intensity with a shrinking of the bandgap from 2.78 to 1.76 eV.The perovskite nanowires were photoconductive and showed a fast photoresponse and excellent stability at room temperature.These promising optical and electrical properties make the perovskite CsPbI3 nanowires attractive for a variety of nanoscale optoelectronic devices.     

Stress field simulation of carburized specimens with different carbon content during quenching process

This study focuses on the numerical model simulation of stress and temperature fields of carburized specimens with different carbon content during the quenching process. In the models the coupling between thermal field, phase transformation field and stress field was considered. The changes of the thermomechanical parameters of the material, as a function of carbon content and thermal field, were considered in the stress simulations. The residual stress fields of 20CrMnTi specimens with different carbon content of 0.8% and 1.0% were measured using an X-ray stress analyzer. Finite element model (FEM) was built for simulating the residual stress field after quenching. Meanwhile, the temperature and stress fields during quenching were simulated. The measured and simulated results are in good agreement.     

Dielectric characteristics of sisal–oil palm hybrid biofibre reinforced natural rubber biocomposites

Natural rubber was reinforced with sisal and oil palm fibers. Biocomposites were prepared by varying the weight fraction of the fibers. The dielectric properties such as dielectric constant, volume resisitivity and dielectric loss factor of the biocomposites were evaluated as a function of fiber loading, frequency and chemical modification of fibers. The dielectric constant values were found to be higher for fiber reinforced system than the gum due to polarization exerted by the incorporation of lignocellulosic fibers. Chemical modification of fibers resulted in decrease of dielectric constant values and volume resisitivity values. The volume resisitivity of the composites was found to decrease with fiber loading due to increase of hydrophilicity imparted by the lignocellulosic fibers. The dissipation factor was found to increase with fiber content.     

Distortion Behaviour and Mechanical Properties of AlCu4Mg1 Sheet Components after High‐Pressure Gas Quenching in Comparison to Liquid Quenching

The quenching process after solution annealing of age hardenable aluminium alloys is necessary for an improvement of the mechanical properties, but also tends to result in distortion, especially in thin or complex shaped parts, and requires a costly reworking. High‐pressure gas quenching can reduce distortion compared to liquid quenching, because of the better temperature uniformity during quenching. A determination of the distortion behaviour of different serial parts of the aluminium wrought alloy 2024cl (AlCu4Mg1,clad) points out, that high‐pressure gas quenching offers predominantly excellent values regarding the dimensional accuracy after quenching compared to liquid quenchants. In comparison to the conventional heat treatment, similar values in strength, hardness and electrical conductivity have been determined after gas quenching and aging of different aluminium alloys (2024, 6013, and 7075), Furthermore, the residual stresses have been investigated and could be clearly reduced after gas quenching.     

淬火速率对汽车用高强铝合金性能的影响

采用力学性能测试、电导率测试和透射电子显微镜研究了淬火速率对汽车用高强铝合金性能的影响。结果表明：淬火速率从960℃/s降低到1.8℃/s,电导率提高了5.7% IACS,硬度的下降率为40%,抗拉强度和屈服强度的下降率分别为24.2%和56.9%,硬度和强度与淬火速率的对数呈线性关系。随着淬火速率的降低,淬火析出相的尺寸和面积分数显著增大,导致性能下降。淬火速率为1.8℃/s时,淬火析出相的平均尺寸为465.6 nm×158.2 nm,析出相的面积分数为42.1%。     

Thermoelectric properties of Bi2Te3-PbTe pseudo binary near the eutectic composition

(Bi2Te3)(1-x)(PbTe)(x) binary systems near eutectic composition were prepared by melting of elemental metals and a sequential water quenching process and their microstructures and thermoelectric properties were investigated. Multiple phases such as Bi2Te3, BiPbTe and PbTe were observed due to phase separation when the composition x was higher than the eutectic point. Also the electrical conduction type of the alloys converted from p-type to n-type in the phase separated alloys. The lattice thermal conductivities in the phase-separated alloys are lower than those in alloys without phase separation, attributable to increased boundary scattering.     

Preparation and characterization of binary V2O5-Bi2O3 glasses

Characterization of the binary V₂O₅-Bi₂O₃ glasses prepared by rapidly quenching the melt has been made from the studies of X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, infrared absorption, differential thermal analysis, electron paramagnetic resonance, chemical analysis, density and electrical properties. Stable glasses are obtained for 95 to 75 mol % V₂O₅ by quenching on a stainless steel substrate, while quenching on a copper substrate extends the glass formation range from 95 to 70 mol % V₂O₅. The V-O bond vibration in the glasses occurs at 1020 cm^–1 and the V^5% ion exists in six-fold coordination as in crystalline V₂O₅. All the glasses appear to be in single phase. The spin concentration in the glasses is found to be independent of temperature. A second heat-treatment at 255° C develops crystalline phase in the glasses. Unlike infrared absorption, electron paramagnetic resonance, density and chemical compositions, the electrical and thermal (DTA) properties are found to be slightly sensitive to the thermal history of preparation of the glasses. The high-temperature (300 to 500 K) conduction in the glasses seems to be due to adiabatic hopping of polarons. The thermopower is observed to be independent of temperature and provides evidence for small polaron formation in the glasses.     

Influence of Moderate Temperature Treatment on Thermal Cycling Behaviour and Mechanical Properties of the CuAINiMnTi Alloys

The influence of moderate temperature treatment after quenching on thermal cycling behaviour andmechanical properties of the CuAlNiMnTi shape memory alloys have been investigated.It is shownthat there will be α phase precipitation in the alloy when it is subjected to quenching followed bymoderate temperature treatment at 600℃.The precipitation of α phase can suppress NiAl-basephase precipitation during subsequent thermal cycling,therefore the stabilization of transformationtemperature during thermal cycling can be achieved.The suitable amount of α phase precipitationcontributes to the improvement of mechanical properties of the alloy by changing the fracturemorphology.     

Early-stage phase separation in liquid-quenched Al-7 at % Zn

The kinetics of GP zone formation in liquid-quenched Al-7 at % Zn was studied with small-angle X-ray scattering. It is found that liquid quenching yields a solid solution in the as-quenched condition which is significantly less clustered than for solid quenching. In addition, the ageing kinetics of the liquid-quenched specimens was observed to be significantly slower than that for solid-quenched specimens. The results indicate that slow ageing in liquid-quenched alloys results from the absence of a high concentration of quenched-in mobile vacancies. It is thus suggested that liquid quenching effectively enables studies of the earliest stages of phase separation in precipitation-hardenable alloys.     

Thermal quenching of thermoluminescence in natural quartz

The thermal quenching properties of the thermoluminescence (TL) from several natural quartz specimens were examined, at two different wavelengths, using the heating rate dependence of the TL signal. As the heating rate varies the TL peaks shift to different temperatures and become affected by thermal quenching to different extents. In this work the heating rate was varied over several orders of magnitude and, through deconvolution of the TL glow curve the behaviour of the main TL peaks was followed as a function of the temperature at which the peak appeared in the glow curve. Through an analysis of the glow peak areas as a function of glow peak temperature the decrease in the efficiency of TL production with increasing temperature could be monitored, at the different emission wavelengths. The analysis supports the contention that the quenching phenomenon is a result of a Mott-Seitz mechanism.     

激光淬火对重载轮轨磨损与损伤性能的影响

利用MMS-2A型微机控制摩擦磨损试验机研究了激光表面淬火对重载轮轨磨损与损伤性能的影响,分析了激光淬火对重载轮轨表面损伤的作用机理.结果表明:激光淬火处理后轮轨试样存在一定厚度的淬火处理层,其组织主要为均匀致密的马氏体层;激光淬火可明显提高车轮和钢轨试样的表面硬度,其硬度分别增加35.7%、33.5%;激光淬火基本不改变轮轨试样的滚动摩擦系数;激光淬火可增强轮轨试样的耐磨性,相比淬火前车轮和钢轨试样磨损量分别降低62.9%和66.0%;未处理轮轨试样表面损伤主要表现为明显的剥落损伤,激光淬火后轮轨表面损伤相对轻微,主要表现为小麻点式剥落损伤,重载工况下激光淬火处理使轮轨试样具有较好的抗表面损伤能力.     

La-Mg-Ni基(PuNi3型)贮氢合金的微观结构与电化学性能

用铸造及快淬工艺制备了La Mg Ni 系(PuNi3 型)贮氢合金La2Mg(Ni0.85 Co0.15)9Bx(x=0、0.1、0.2),分析测试了铸态及快淬态合金的微观结构与电化学性能,研究了硼及快淬工艺对合金微观结构及电化学性能的影响。结果表明,铸态合金具有多相结构,主相包括(La, Mg)Ni3 相和LiNi5 相,残余相为一定量的LaNi2 相和微量的Ni2B相,经快淬处理后Ni2B相消失,并且其它相的相对量随淬速的变化而变化。硼的加入提高了铸态及快淬态合金的循环稳定性,但使合金的容量下降。不含硼合金的容量随淬速的增加而单调减小,含硼合金的容量随淬速变化有一个极大值。合金的循环寿命随淬速的增加而增加,铸态及快淬态合金均有优良的活化性能。     

Effect of rapid quenching and with Carbon and Nitrogen on the structure and superconducting properties of the Nb3Ge compound

The effect of rapid quenching and alloying with carbon and nitrogen on the superconducting properties of the Nb3Ge compound has been studied. The quantitative phase X-ray analysis of the studied specimens depending on the content of alloying components has been carried out. The temperature at which the transition into the superconducting state occurs as well the parameters of the alloy lattices have been investigated.     

The study of microstructure and properties of chromium bronze for contact shoe

The microstructure and properties of chromium bronze, with different chromium content and treatment method, were characterized by using scanning electron microscope, energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy and optical microscopy technique. For the specimens with the same treatment method, with increasing of the chromium content, the number of chromium phase increase and the dispersion strengthen effect enhances. On the other hand, the hinder effect on the electrons enhances and the electrical conductivity decreases. For the specimens with same component, the tensile strength and hardness order from low to high are: casting, aging treatment and solution aging. The electrical conductivity order from low to high are: casting, solution aging and aging treatment.     

碳纳米管增强金属基复合材料电学性能研究进展

碳纳米管(CNTs)具有极高的力学性能、优异的导电和导热性能,被视为理想的复合材料增强相。CNTs增强复合材料已成为一个极为重要的研究领域。然而,由于CNTs与金属基体间相容性、增强体空间分布难以控制、CNTs本身载流量高而电导率相对较低等,CNTs增强金属基复合材料尚未展现出对金属基体电学性能的显著提升,或者无法有效兼顾电学性能和力学性能,整体研究仍处于起步阶段。鉴于此,从预处理、制备方法和电学机制分析等方面概述了CNTs增强金属基复合材料电学性能的研究现状,并展望了该领域的未来发展趋势。      

Residual stress magnitudes and related properties in quenched aluminium alloys

Abstract

The surface and through thickness residual stress magnitudes present in heat treated high strength aluminium alloy components are frequently reported to exceed the uniaxial yield stress of small specimens of the same alloy measured immediately after quenching. In thick section plate and forgings, it is proposed that these high residual stress magnitudes are a consequence of hardening precipitation that occurs during quenching which allows a greater elastic stress to be supported. To investigate this theory, a Jominy end quench technique is used to determine the hardness of aluminium alloys 7010, 7175 and 5083 as a function of distance from the quenched end. Cooling curves have been measured for Jominy end quench specimens using deeply buried thermocouples and are compared with finite element model predictions. Tensile properties are also determined for small specimens quenched into cold and boiling water. Vickers hardness and X-ray diffraction residual stress measurements are undertaken on specimens of varying size acting as a comparison with the Jominy results. These results in combination with optical and electron microscopy data do suggest that low temperature rather than high temperature precipitation during the quench leads to increased as quenched mechanical strengths, with the consequence that less quench sensitive alloys will support higher residual stress magnitudes as section thicknesses increase.     

Effect of rolling temperature on the evolution of defects and properties of an Al–Cu alloy

The defects and properties of a precipitation hardening Al–Cu alloy 2017 were studied after rolling at room temperature (RT) and cryogenic (liquid N₂) temperature (CT). It is found that CT rolling produced practically the same hardness as RT rolling for a wide range of rolling strains. However, electrical resistivity measurement revealed a clear difference indicating different defect structures in the CT- and RT-rolled samples. This difference led to higher hardness, after subsequent ageing, for samples processed by CT rolling. It is deduced that precipitation occurred during RT rolling, which compensated for the effect of lower dislocation density (evaluated from X-ray diffraction) in RT-rolled sample, and consequently resulted in similar hardness in both RT- and CT-rolled samples. It is noted that after ageing, CT-rolled sample has higher strength (~35%) than the standard T4 treatment.     

Surface carburised AISI 8620 steel with dual phase core microstructure

Abstract

In this study, the production of dual phase steel structure in the core of surface carburised AISI 8620 cementation steel and the effect of martensite volume fraction on tensile properties have been investigated. For these purposes, surface carburised (~0·8 wt-%C) specimens were oil quenched from 900°C to obtain a fully martensitic starting microstructure. Then specimens were oil quenched from intercritical annealing temperatures of 731 or 746°C to produce dual phase steel structure in the core of specimens with martensite fractions of ~25 or ~50 vol.-% and nearly wholly martensitic microstructure at the surface. Generally, specimens with dual phase microstructure in the core exhibited slightly lower tensile and yield strengths but superior ductility without sacrificing surface hardness than those specimens with fully martensitic microstructure in the core produced by using conventional heat treatment involving quenching from 850 to 950°C. Also tensile strength increased and ductility decreased with increasing martensite volume fraction.     

Static and Fatigue Properties of the Cold and Warm Compacted Sintered Aluminium Alloy Alumix 431 (Al‐5.5 Zn‐2.5 Mg‐1.5 Cu)

In this work, the densification behaviour, sintering characteristics, hardness, strength, tensile and fatigue properties of the Alumix 431 alloy (Al, Zn, Mg and Cu alloy) produced using the conventional press and sinter process in different pressures and temperatures are investigated. For this purpose, specimens were produced under pressures between 300 and 500 MPa at 50 MPa intervals at room temperature (RT), and 80 °C in the first step. In the second step, specimens were produced at the compaction pressure of 230 MPa under RT and 180 MPa with 80 °C for tensile and fatigue testing which provided same densities. Specimens were sintered under five different sintering conditions. The dimensional change in warm compacted samples is lower than that of cold compacted samples. Tensile and fatigue properties of warm (180 MPa pressure) and cold (230 MPa pressure) compacted specimens are almost equal due to the same densities.