C波段SAR山区积雪面积提取研究

合成孔径雷达(SAR)不仅具有穿云透雾,全天候观测地表的能力,而且可穿透地表覆盖一定深度获取地表覆盖物内部特征信息。利用2011年10景ENVISAT\|ASAR可变极化模式精细图像(ASA_APP_1P)数据,分析比较了黑河上游祁连山冰沟流域不同时段积雪SAR后向散射特性,应用同期的MODIS积雪面积产品确定研究区积雪的累积和消融背景信息。研究表明:由于融雪期积雪含水量上升,SAR图像后向散射系数相比干雪或无雪图像明显降低,经过分析认为广泛应用的-3 dB阈值会明显低估湿雪覆盖范围,-2 dB阈值更适合该地区湿雪面积参数提取。山区积雪融化过程中低海拔区域积雪融化而高海拔山区积雪仍可能为干雪,在提取湿雪像元的基础上,根据Sigmoid函数阈值获取的像元湿雪百分比及DEM信息来提取干雪像元,最终获取整个流域积雪面积信息。通过与Landsat ETM+图像积雪面积分类结果进行比较,总体精度达到78%。积雪累积和消融背景信息的分析表明:误差主要源于流域东北部与西北部低海拔区域积雪快速消融。     

被动微波遥感在青藏高原积雪业务监测中的初步应用

积雪范围、积雪深度和雪水当量等参数的遥感监测与反演对气候模式的建立以及积雪灾害的评估具有重要意义。被动微波遥感在这些参数的反演方面具有明显优势,但目前尚未应用到青藏高原地区的积雪遥感业务监测上来。2001年10月至2002年4月,利用SSM/I数据对青藏高原地区的积雪范围和积雪深度进行了实时监测,为西藏、青海遥感应用部门提供逐日的雪深分布图。对这次监测的总效果进行了分析和评价,并对发生在青海省内一次较大的降雪过程进行了遥感分析,结果表明:SSM/I反演的积雪范围变化趋势与MODIS结果总体上较为一致;SSM/I的雪深监测结果为当地遥感部门对大于10 cm的雪深做出正确判断提供了重要信息,是对雪灾定位的重要信息源。     

华北积雪冻融循环微波辐射特征研究

积雪冻融循环监测是陆表水文过程和冰雪自然灾害研究的重要方面。被动微波遥感由于具有对水分敏感、高时间分辨率的特点,尤其适合大尺度的积雪冻融监测及相关参数的反演。该研究于2012年11月6日~27日在河北怀来遥感综合实验站使用车载多频率微波辐射计TMMR观测了积雪冻融循环微波辐射特征。研究发现,36.5GHz的观测亮温对积雪的冻融循环最敏感,18.7GHz次之,融化和冻结的时亮温差别可分别约达80K和60K;HUT单层和多层积雪微波辐射模型对18.7GHz和36.5GHz的模拟亮温能够基本反映冻融循环过程中的亮温变化;多层模型更适合模拟冻融循环的过程,18.7GHz和36.5GHz在V极化的相关系数均为0.97;冻融循环研究中,冰壳、冰层粒径的观测、雪湿度的观测和湿雪介电常数模型仍有待进一步改善。     

计算机建模实现路口交通流量实时监测技术探析

目前我国城市的交通控制多采用信号灯方式,人工设置时间,定时自动放行,这种方法,无法根据对各个路口实际交通流量变化进行实时监测与控制,因此,需要一种新型化的模式来对路口交通流量实时监测,计算机建模的应用,有利于设计优化管理模型,使得信号灯自动优化,实时监测,根据实际情况自动疏导拥堵,从而最大限度的改善交通拥挤等状况。     

基于STM32的高校智能宿舍系统研究与设计

针对目前高校宿舍舒适度、温馨度和智能化程度普遍较低的情况，设计了一种基于STM32的高校智能监测与控制宿舍管理系统。该系统分为下位机数据采集和上位机系统平台管理，下位机以STM32单片机为核心，通过各种传感器、无线LoRa技术和外围设备模块，实现了宿舍环境信息监测采集和设备状态控制；上位机以Qt为开发平台，实现了各种数据显示和设备命令下发等功能，并且在外围设备控制上设计了两种工作模式：手动模式和自动模式。手动模式即传统控制模式，靠人工操作；自动模式即本系统核心模式，通过设置各参数阈值将采集的数据与阈值进行融合，从而控制各外围设备状态，最终实现了宿舍的智能化。测试结果表明：系统功能符合设计要求，其运行稳定、可靠，不仅能够提高宿舍的温馨度和智能化，而且在一定程度上能够预防突发事故的发生，同时具有较高的安全性、便捷性和实用性等优点，该系统在高校智能化建设，特别是智能宿舍领域具有广泛的应用价值和推广前景。     

高压电力线积雪厚度的实时监测系统

使用MSP430F149单片机作为主控芯片,设计了一种以太阳能供电的高压线积雪厚度实时监测装置与系统。该测量装置与测量系统能够实时监测高压电力线上积雪的厚度,当所测厚度值变化时系统通过无线通信电路将最新测量值发送到监控中心,若当前所测数值超过设置阈值时系统自动发出报警信息。该系统功能全面,使用方便,适用于山区丘陵地区,有较强的实用价值。     

基于LabVIEW的智能婴儿监控系统的设计

针对新生婴儿需要大量人力实时看护的问题,设计了一套智能婴儿监控系统,对婴儿的生理状况进行监测和报警;系统以STM32F103微控制器为控制核心,利用姿态传感检测、温度检测、湿度传感器、脉搏传感器、无线通信、显示电路等外围功能模块,实现对婴儿体温,尿床,脉搏等数据的实时显示和报警;同时,将数据通过ZigBee网络传输至PC机,利用虚拟仪器软件LabVIEW编写服务端功能程序,状态数据可通过Internet远程访问,有效地对婴儿状况进行远程监测;测试结果表明,该系统参数测量精度在2.1%以内,无线传输效果稳定,达到设计预期要求;该设计为婴幼儿智能护理设备设计打下了良好的基础,具有较强的实用性。     

基于S3C2440的嵌入式电网参数监测系统的设计

设计了一套基于CAN/RS485总线的嵌入式电网参数实时监测系统。该系统采用ARM嵌入Linux操作系统作为主处理器,利用CAN/RS485总线与上位机进行通信,界面用组态王软件来完成。相对于传统的监测系统,该系统集测量、控制、通信等功能于一体,具有成本低、精度高、可靠性强、界面友好的特点。     

基于PAC的油料灌装自动化系统设计与实现

以Wincon8000系列PAC为控制核心,设计并实现了一种灌装自动化系统的实验原型系统。该系统采用分布式控制系统模式,利用无线局域网的UDP通信协议和组态软件,实现了实时数据上传、实时状态监测、远程状态控制和即时通信等功能。该原型系统在某部队演习中的运行效果表明,基于PAC的油料灌装自动化系统具有开发周期短、可靠性高、稳定性好、与其他系统兼容性强等优点。     

积雪、土壤冻融与土壤水分遥感监测研究进展

积雪、土壤冻融与土壤水分是陆表能量与水分以及碳交换过程研究中的重要因子,为了更好地了解积雪覆盖、雪深/雪水当量、土壤冻融状态和土壤水分等参数的遥感监测领域的发展动态,对这些参数遥感监测方法的研究进展进行了梳理,总结了利用光学与微波遥感,以及多源遥感融合的监测方法,并对该研究领域的发展趋势进行了展望。积雪、土壤冻融与土壤水分的遥感监测能力不断提升,监测算法从单一传感器向多传感器、单波段单一模式向多波段多模式集成,以及卫星虚拟星座综合观测概念的提出,均促进了现有卫星观测地表参数能力的提升;长时间序列产品的开发,对于研究和掌握全球变化大背景下对气候的响应提供了很好的数据基础;同时有助于促进遥感在水文、气象、气候、生态等领域的应用。以上的研究综述,有望对陆表水循环遥感参数反演领域,以及水循环遥感关键参数的应用领域有一定的借鉴作用。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

View-based model-driven architecture for enhancing maintainability of data access services

In modern service-oriented architectures, database access is done by a special type of services, the so-called data access services (DAS). Though, particularly in data-intensive applications, using and developing DAS are very common today, the link between the DAS and their implementation, e.g. a layer of data access objects (DAOs) encapsulating the database queries, still is not sufficiently elaborated, yet. As a result, as the number of DAS grows, finding the desired DAS for reuse and/or associated documentation can become an impossible task. In this paper we focus on bridging this gap between the DAS and their implementation by presenting a view-based, model-driven data access architecture (VMDA) managing models of the DAS, DAOs and database queries in a queryable manner. Our models support tailored views of different stakeholders and are scalable with all types of DAS implementations. In this paper we show that our view-based and model driven architecture approach can enhance software development productivity and maintainability by improving DAS documentation. Moreover, our VMDA opens a wide range of applications such as evaluating DAS usage for DAS performance optimization. Furthermore, we provide tool support and illustrate the applicability of our VMDA in a large-scale case study. Finally, we quantitatively prove that our approach performs with acceptable response times.     

A pragmatic multi-method investigation of discrepant technological events: Coping,attributions, and ‘accidental’ learning

Discrepant technological events or situations that entail a problem, a misunderstanding or a difficulty with the Information Technology (IT) being employed, are common in the workplace, and can lead to frustration and avoidance behaviors. Little is known, however, about how individuals cope with these events. This paper examines these events by using a multi-method pragmatic approach informed by coping theory. The results of two studies – a critical incident study and an experiment – serve to build and test, respectively, a theoretical model that posits that individuals use a variety of strategies when dealing with these events: they experience negative emotions, make external attributions, and adopt engagement coping strategies directed at solving the event, eventually switching to a disengagement coping strategy when they feel they have no control over the situation. Furthermore, users’ efforts may result in ‘accidental’ learning as they try to overcome the discrepant IT events through engagement coping. The paper ends with a discussion of the results in light of existing literature, future opportunities for research, and implications for practice.