取土场水力排灰造地项目简介

取土场水力排灰造地项目简介哈尔滨第三发电厂哈尔滨第三发电厂为了充分利用粉煤灰资源，节省贮灰场的库容，实施了取土场水力排灰造地项目。该项目的实施拓宽了粉煤灰综合利用的途径，节省了大量的机械运输费用，取得了良好的经济效益和社会效益，归纳如下。１概述１．１...     

φ2610造气炉的改造

介绍了φ２６１０造气炉的改造及运行情况，并对水夹套的安装及造气炉改进提出了建议。     

新型空气隙膜蒸馏组件用于海水淡化

设计了一种基于中空纤维膜的螺旋缠绕式空气隙膜蒸馏组件,以模拟海水为原料液,考察了热料液进口温度T3、料液流量F、缠绕角度、空气隙厚度、内芯长度对膜通量和造水比的影响。实验结果表明,膜通量和造水比均随着热料液进口温度的增加而明显增大;当料液流量增加时,膜通量增大,造水比呈相反趋势;随着空气隙厚度的增加,膜通量和造水比均逐渐减小;膜通量和造水比均随着缠绕角度的增加而减小;内芯长度增加使得造水比提高,而膜通量则降低。实验过程中膜通量和造水比的最高值分别达到6.1 kg/(m~2·h)和5.8,产水电导率始终保持在20.0μS/cm以下。     

单效热压缩蒸馏海水淡化热力过程数值模拟

建立了单效热压缩蒸馏海水淡化系统的热力学模型。分析了蒸发温度、压缩比和主动蒸汽压力等主要设计参数对系统造水比、单位造水换热面积和单位造水冷却水量的影响。结果表明,降低蒸发温度、减小压缩比和提高主动蒸汽压力将提高系统造水比,而单位产水换热面积将随蒸发温度和压缩比的减小而增加;提高蒸发温度和减小压缩比可以减小单位产水冷却水量;主动蒸汽压力对单位产水面积和冷却水量影响较小。研究成果将对系统优化设计提供有益的参考。     

船用海水淡化装置的产水水质特性及经济性分析

船用海水淡化装置是远洋船泊的必备设备之一,对产水水质特性及经济性进行研究具有重要的意义。本文设计搭建了一套板式蒸馏造水机性能测试平台,对系统产水pH和电导率随真空度变化规律以及进料水盐度和真空度对产水溶解性固体总量（TDS）的影响进行了研究,同时建立淡水成本数学模型探讨真空度和进料水流量引起的淡水产量变化对造水成本的影响,并进一步分析了油价、水价和渔船航行距离对淡水成本的敏感性问题。结果表明：真空度一定的情况下,进料水盐度升高,系统产水的TDS增大;真空度变化对系统产水pH影响不大,而对系统产水电导率、TDS和淡化水成本影响较大,且随着真空度的升高呈减小趋势。进料水流量为150L/h时,系统产水率最优造水成本最低,造水成本差价对油价的敏感性最高并且造水成本始终低于渔船运输淡水成本。     

典型膜蒸馏技术的性能及发展分析

膜蒸馏具有常压下低温汽化、便于分离中高浓度料液等特性。在对四种典型膜蒸馏技术工作过程分析的基础上,建立了各自的性能方程,对不同工作温度和膜参数下的造水比和膜通量进行了计算分析。结果表明,真空式膜蒸馏的造水比和膜通量均较高,气隙式膜蒸馏和气扫式膜蒸馏的造水比较高而膜通量偏小,直接接触式膜蒸馏的性能受工作温度和膜参数的影响很大,适宜条件下也可取得较高的造水比和膜通量。     

混凝剂在造气污水中的应用与机理探讨

氮肥厂以煤为原料制气，煤气从造气炉引出后经废热锅炉、洗气箱、洗气塔输入下一道工序。在洗气箱和洗气塔中煤气夹带的未反应的煤屑、灰分以及煤气中水溶性的杂质均进入洗涤水中，洗气系统出来的造气废水水色浑浊，经污水站曝气、沉降、压滤等物理方法处理后闭路循环使用。循环使用过久，污水站处理后的洗涤水，浊度仍较高，不利于造气系统正常使用。因此，苍须选择一种适合本公司造气污水净化的混凝剂，来降低洗涤水的浊度。     

Dg750水压安全阀故障分析与改造

分析了该厂造气炉系统Ｄｇ７５０水压安全阀的故障特点，介绍了改造情况。     

大气腿高位闪蒸法海水淡化

本文提出了利用工业冷却水（海水）的余热，采用大气腿高位闪蒸法（ＨＳＦ）淡化的新工艺，并对原料水输送能耗进行了理论分析，结果表明，该工艺使造水成本大幅度降低。     

新型气隙式膜蒸馏组件盐水浓缩的试验研究

利用新型气隙式膜蒸馏组件对氯化钠溶液进行膜蒸馏试验研究。考察了进料温度、流速、浓度对膜通量、造水比和截留率的影响。结果表明,膜通量和造水比随着进料温度T3升高而增大,随着进料浓度的增加而减小;料液流量增加时膜通量增大,造水比降低;试验过程中截留率基本保持不变,稳定在99.8%以上。当料液浓度为3.0%,进料温度T1为30.0℃,T3为95.0℃、流量为7.0 L/h时,膜通量为4.1 L/(m2·h),造水比为7.0,截留率可达99.8%,经过60 d浓缩试验后,膜通量、造水比和截留率均保持稳定。     

办公生活小区直饮水系统设计工程

结合工程实例,介绍了以纳滤膜为主的办公生活小区直饮水系统的工艺流程,处理工艺及设备,管网设计及管材的选用,并对其运行费用进行了分析.运行结果表明:出水水质达到健康饮水要求,口感非常好,整体系统运行稳定、效果良好,和桶装直饮水比较,该系统制水价格较低.     

超纯水系统中EDI产水量调节方式改造

超纯水系统是郑州旭飞光电科技有限公司非常重要的制水系统,在使用中,该系统存在的一些问题对生产造成了比较大的影响。针对存在的问题,确定对该系统中EDI产水量调节方式进行改造。运行结果表明,系统改造后,消除了故障隐患,降低了设备运行成本,提高了公司经济效益。     

嵊山500吨/日反渗透海水淡化示范工程

本文叙述了嵊山５００吨／日反渗透海水淡化示范工程项目的总体设计,设备的研究和选型,工艺和系统控制过程。     

混床制水周期突降的探讨

分析了某电厂化学水处理混床制水周期突降的原因,从仪表测量、设备状况、原水水质、再生用酸碱质量、再生除盐水水质、再生工艺控制、混床树脂状态和混脂用气等可能影响制水周期的因素中进行查找,根据分析结果制定出解决混床制水周期突降的措施,为类似水处理系统异常时的分析处理提供借鉴。     

用海水淡化法解决海岛用水

我国多数海岛属于资源性缺水，解决用水困难的途径有两条，海底管道从大陆调水和海水淡化就地制水。文章详细分析了影响反渗透海水淡化成本的诸因素，对不同生产容量反渗透海水淡化工厂的投资及生产成本进行了预测。针对舟山某岛群的地理条件对海底管道引水和就地海水淡化制水进行了综合比较。最后提出解决该岛用水短缺的可行方案。     

华能玉环电厂海水淡化工程设计概述

华能玉环电厂的淡水系统全部采用了世界先进的“双膜法”海水淡化技术,工程投资约2亿元,计划2006年4月30日制出合格的淡水。本文以华能玉环电厂海水淡化工程实例为基础,根据国内外海水淡化发展的新技术以及经验,分析对比了高压泵的选型、能量回收装置的特点,以及回收率确定的几项因素,并根据工程情况分析了制水成本。对缺乏淡水的沿海电厂来说采用海水淡化无疑是一种非常好的选择方案。     

满足不同需求的水热电联产系统的模型和设计简

In order to improve the energy efficiency, reduce the CO2 emission and decrease the cost, a cogenera- tion system for desalination water, heat and power production was studied in this paper. The superstructure of the cogeneration system consisted of a coal-based thermal power plant （TPP）, a multi-stage flash desalination （MSF） module and reverse osmosis desalination （RO） module. For different demands of water, heat and power production, the corresponding optimal production structure was different. After reasonable simplification, the process model ot each unit was built. The economical model, including the unit investment, and operation and maintenance cost, was presented. By solving this non-linear programming （NLP） model, whose objective is to minimize the annual cost, an optimal cogeneration system can be obtained. Compared to separate production systems, the optimal system can reduce 16.1%-21.7% of the total annual cost. showing this design method was effective.     

生产成本考核系统的开发与实现

在分析、研究传统生产成本考核方法和DCS系统特点的基础上，介绍了生产成本考核系统的开发与实现；叙述了该系统的系统结构、技术原理、功能及应用；重点阐述了生产过程数据的采集、局域冈的建立和成本考核管理服务器。     

Economics of small solar-assisted multiple-effect stack distillation plants

The objective of this paper is to compare the economics of using solar energy to operate small, multiple-effect seawater distillation systems in remote areas with the conventional method of using fossil fuels. The particular multiple-effect system used is an advanced horizontal-tube, falling-film system called “multiple-effect stack” (MES) in which the pumping energy requirement is relatively low compared with the horizontal in-line system. Three system configurations were investigated: (1) a conventional system using a steam generator to provide steam for the MES evaporator and a diesel generator to provide pumping power, (2) a solar-assisted system which uses solar thermal collectors to provide hot water (instead of steam) for the evaporator and a diesel generator for pumping power, and (3) a solar stand-alone system which uses solar thermal collectors for the evaporator heat requirement and a solar PV array to provide electrical energy for pumping. At the present time, solar energy cannot compete favorably with fossil energy, particularly under the present international market prices of crude oil. However, in many remote sunny areas of the world where the real cost of fossil energy can be very high, the use of solar energy can be an attractive alternative. Two important cost parameters affect the relative economics of solar energy vis-à-vis conventional (fossil) energy: the collector cost in dollars per square meter and the cost of diesel oil in dollars per giga Joule. Solar energy becomes more competitive as the local cost of procuring conventional fuel increases and as the collector cost decreases. The water cost from a solar thermal-diesel-MES system (configuration #2) can be seen to approach the water cost from a steam generator-diesel-MES system (configuration #1) when the collector cost drops to $200/m² and diesel oil cost at the remote site reaches $50/GJ. Using a 100% solar system (configuration #3) with solar thermal and solar PV collectors, the economics was seen to improve in favor of the solar system. Even when diesel fuel can be procured at $10/GJ at the remote site, the cost of water from the solar system can be seen to approach that from a conventional plant when thermal collectors costing $200/m² are used. The cost of water from the solar system was shown to be always less than that from a conventional system which uses diesel oil procured at the high price of $50/GJ, but always higher than water produced from a conventional system using diesel oil at the low price of $10/GJ.     

Model-based analysis of the feasibility envelope for autonomous operation of a portable direct methanol fuel-cell system

Portable power systems based on direct methanol fuel cells (DMFC) have to provide power in various environmental conditions: it is advantageous for such a power-supply system to be autonomous, i.e. able to operate without water refills for the methanol solution. It is shown that system autonomy depends mainly on environmental humidity, condenser temperature and air excess ratio: this result is valid in general for any DMFC, as cell parameters have only a marginal role. The environmental conditions in which a portable DMFC system may be autonomous are considered, delineating a feasibility envelope. Two methods are proposed to extend this envelope: operating with a diluted methanol reservoir, which improves the autonomy of the system only marginally and at the cost of a large loss in energy density, and system pressurisation, which delivers a more significant improvement in autonomy properties, but at the cost of system efficiency and simplicity.