熟料-低掺量混合材体系助磨剂的助磨效果研究

研究了不同官能团助磨剂对纯硅酸盐水泥熟料体系和熟料-低掺量混合材体系的助磨效果的作用规律,结果表明,助磨剂组分对这两种体系的助磨效果和增强效果基本相同。然后以普通硅酸盐水泥为对象,研究提产型复合助磨剂。分别研究了多元醇和多元醇复合以及多元醇和醇胺复合的情况,结果表明,对于熟料-低掺量混合材体系,丙二醇和丙三醇含量较高的复合多元醇助磨效果较好,乙二醇含量较高的复合多元醇助磨效果相对较弱;乙二醇与TEA复合具有助磨叠加效应,丙二醇与TEA复合具有助磨-增强功能叠加效应。以助磨效果较好的多元醇为主要组分,早强作用较好的TEA为辅助组分,可以为熟料-低掺量混合材体系配制提产型复合助磨剂。最后简要分析不同助磨剂组分之间的复合叠加效应,为助磨剂功能化配伍设计提供依据。     

矿渣微粉助磨剂的试验研究

本文研究了三乙醇胺、甘油、两种多元醇、甘蔗糖蜜和自配多元醇类多种组合复配助磨剂对矿渣微粉的助磨效果,结果表明:各类助磨剂以试验中的掺量与矿渣共同粉磨,对矿渣均有一定的助磨效果;单体助磨剂中,含多羟基官能团化合物的多元醇D助磨效果最佳,矿渣粉比表面积增加了58 m2/kg;复配助磨剂中,由多元醇D、多元醇E和甘蔗糖蜜复配的自配方C的助磨效果最佳,矿渣粉比表面积增加了65 m2/kg,增幅达18.05％.     

一种新型复合助磨剂的实验研究

本文以三乙醇胺、改性丙三醇、十二烷基磺酸钠为主要原料复合一种新型的助磨剂,此助磨剂对矿渣具有良好的助磨效果,通过实验发现,当改性丙三醇是十二烷基磺酸钠4倍摩尔配比关系时,助磨效果最好。实验还研究了助磨剂对不同配比矿渣水泥的助磨效果,结果发现当矿渣比例达到50%,助磨剂掺入量在0.04%情况下助磨效果也显著。实验测试了此助磨剂对水泥性能影响以及对水泥颗粒分布的影响,并且,通过XRD和SEM分析了对水泥水化的影响。     

不同助磨剂对水泥粉磨效率的影响

提高水泥粉磨细度的主要技术措施为改造磨机结构和掺加助磨剂。前者在提高水泥细度的同时将导致磨机产量明显降低,而后者能有效提高磨机的粉磨效率并改善水泥的某些性能,但不同助磨剂对不同的水泥具有一定的适应性。作者选用四种助磨剂（代号分别为T,M,D,C）对掺加不同混合材的立窑和回转窑水泥进行了粉磨试验研究,以寻求各种助磨剂的使用规律和应用效果。实验结果表明:掺加T和M后对各种水泥的助磨效果均优于D;T和M复合而成的C具有良好的助磨效果,且成本低得多,具有重要的实际应用价值;掺加助磨剂可显著提高普通水泥和火山灰水泥的粉磨效率,但对矿渣水泥的助磨效果不明显;混合材种类及掺入量相同时,助磨剂对回转窑水泥的助磨效果优于立窑水泥。     

几种新型原料用作助磨剂的小磨试验

研究了三乙醇胺(TEA)、聚合多元醇(PP)、聚合醇胺(PAA)和中博改性聚合醇(CSA-4)单独或复合助磨剂的助磨和增强效果。结果表明:CSA-4在掺量为0.02%时,助磨效果良好,水泥的45μm筛余下降了16.4%,比表面积提高了6.9%,3d和28d抗压强度增长率分别为13.3%和10.5%;在4种复合助磨剂中,助磨剂D表现最为显著,水泥的45μm筛余较空白样降低了15.2%,比表面积增加了7.1%,3d和28d抗压强度增长率分别为15.0%和7.6%;用一定的比例聚合醇胺(PAA)和聚合多元醇(PP)替代TEA的助磨剂B和C,其助磨和增强效果与助磨剂A相当。     

不同类型助磨剂组分的特性研究

采用醇类、醇胺类、糖类及木质素磺酸盐做助磨剂组分,研究不同掺量下有机物对水泥粉磨及增强效果的影响。结果表明:多元醇最佳掺量为0.02%~0.03%,丙二醇助磨效果最佳,但掺量过高会阻碍水化;醇胺类对水泥的助磨、增强作用不如多元醇,其合理掺量为0.02%~0.04%;糖蜜、木钠和木钙对水泥助磨增强效果介于醇类和醇胺类之间,合理掺量为0.04%左右。     

多元醇类助磨剂在高炉矿渣粉磨中的比较试验研究

尝试用数种多元醇类有机材料作为矿渣助磨剂,以评定它们的助磨效果。每种试剂都在完全相同的粉磨条件下与矿渣共磨,经过小磨试验比较验证了聚合甘油对矿渣的粉磨具有良好的促进作用。还简要分析了多元醇类助磨剂对高炉矿渣的助磨作用机理。     

高石灰石掺量水泥专用助磨剂试验研究

通过试验室模块试验和小磨试验,研究了高石灰石掺量水泥专用助磨剂对水泥的增强和助磨效果。结果表明,高石灰石掺量水泥专用助磨剂在9个新型干法水泥厂10个水泥样品的模块试验中28d抗压强度平均增加7.3MPa;小磨试验水泥45μm筛余减少3.8%～6.0%,3～32μm颗粒含量增加3.11%,28d抗压强度增加5.7～6.8MPa。高石灰石掺量水泥专用助磨剂同时具有显著的后期强度增强作用和助磨作用。     

不同助磨组分对矿渣助磨性能的研究

通过试验研究了各种助磨剂组分对矿渣的助磨效果和增强效果,并且建立助磨效果与助磨组分掺量之间的数学模型,验证了其合理性。试验结果表明,某些助磨剂在不同粉磨阶段的助磨效果不同。羟基硅油和丙二醇对矿渣粉的助磨效果最好,在最佳掺量下,比表面积分别增加8.89%和6.67%。DEIPA 和羟基硅油可以明显提高矿渣粉各龄期的强度,增强7%～10%;丙二醇和糖蜜使矿渣粉中后期强度（7d和 28d）提高 10%左右,TEA 对矿渣的助磨效果和增强效果都不明显,助磨剂与不同水泥存在着适应性问题。矿渣的助磨效果 G 与掺量 x 呈指数函数关系：G=P [1-e-λ(x-ω)] 。     

矿渣粉磨用水泥助磨剂的试验研究

为了研究含有不同官能团的有机物对矿渣粉磨的影响,选取了三乙醇胺、丙三醇、乙酸乙酯、冰乙酸作为助磨剂。通过单掺以上有机物及从中选取助磨效果较好的两种有机物进行复配得到复合助磨剂,结果表明:三乙醇胺的助磨效果最优,丙三醇次之,冰乙酸效果最差;三乙醇胺与丙三醇的配比为3:1、掺量为0.04%时,复合助磨剂的助磨效果最优。     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

Sapindaceae,cyanolipids, and bugs

Scentless plant bugs (Heteroptera: Rhopalidae) are so named because adults of the Serinethinae have vestigial metathoracic scent glands. Serinethines are seed predators of Sapindales, especially Sapindaceae that produce toxic cyanolipids. In two serinethine species whose ranges extend into the southern United States,Jadera haematoloma andJ. sanguinolenta, sequestration of host cyanolipids as glucosides renders these gregarious, aposematic insects unpalatable to a variety of predators. The blood glucoside profile and cyanogenesis ofJadera varies depending on the cyanolipid chemistry of hosts, and adults and larvae fed golden rain tree seeds (Koelreuteria paniculata) excrete the volatile lactone, 4-methyl-2(5H)-furanone, to which they are attracted.Jadera fed balloon vine seeds (Cardiospermum spp.) do not excrete the attractive lactone. Loss of the usual heteropteran defensive glands in serinethines may have coevolved with host specificity on toxic plants, and the orientation ofJadera to a volatile excretory product could be an adaptive response to save time.Mention of a commercial product does not consititute an endorsement by the USDA.     

2008～2009年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2008年7月～2009年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2008～2009年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况。按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、环氧树脂、不饱和聚酯树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍。     

ICP-MS法测定地球化学样品中As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量痕量元素的研究

建立了测定地球化学样品中包括As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量、痕量元素的ICP-MS方法。地化试样用HF-HNO3混酸分解后,以1 1 HNO3溶解干渣。由于制样不使用盐酸,避免了Cl对As、Cr、Ge、V的质谱干扰。用国家一级地球化学标准物质GBW 07309制备溶液优化仪器工作参数,并用于校准。方法测定限(6s)为:0.007~6.4μg/g,精密度(RSD%,n=12)为:29%~9.4%,经过国家一级地球化学标准物质的分析验证,结果与标准值吻合。方法已应用于国土资源调查的试样分析。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.