d,l-2-乙酰氨基-3-(3'-吲哚)丙酸的制备和拆分研究

以3-吲哚基-甲基-乙酰氨基丙二酸二乙酯为原料,经选择性水解制备d,l-2-乙酰氨基-3-(3'-吲哚)丙酸,最佳反应条件是:反应温度70～80℃,反应时间为6h,物料3-吲哚基-甲基-乙酰氨基丙二酸二乙酯与氢氧化钠的摩尔比为1∶2.5,产率可达到84.4%;研究了利用对硝基苯基-2-氨基-1,3-丙二醇为拆分剂对d,l-2-乙酰氨基-3-(3'-吲哚)丙酸进行拆分,d-2-乙酰氨基-3-(3'-吲哚)丙酸的拆分纯度为98%.     

3-吲哚-甲基-乙酰氨基-丙二酸二乙酯的合成研究

以芦竹碱和乙酰氨基丙二酸二乙酯为原料,合成了3-吲哚-甲基-乙酰氨基-丙二酸二乙酯。着重研究了原料配比,反应温度,反应时间对反应收率的影响,获得了比较理想的合成工艺。即：原料配比(摩尔比)为n(芦竹碱)：n(乙酰氨基丙二酸二乙酯)：1：1．1,反应温度为95～100℃,反应时间为8～9h,反应收率为97．0％。     

6-硝基-4-二甲氨基甲基-5-羟基-1-甲基-2-苯硫甲基一1H-吲哚-3-羧酸乙酯的合成

以对苯醌和3-（甲基氨基）-2-丁烯酸乙酯为起始原料,经Nenitzescu反应、乙酰化、硝化、溴代、缩合、Man—nich反应得到一个新化舍物6-硝基-4-二甲氨基甲基-5-羟基-1-甲基-2-苯硫甲基-1H-吲哚-3-羧酸乙酯,总产率19．3％。反应中间产物和目标产物结构采用。HNMR和质谱确认。     

3-吲哚-甲基-乙酰氨基-丙二酸二乙酯的合成研究

3-吲哚-甲基-乙酰氨基-丙二酸二乙脂分子式为C18H33N2O5，是合成色氨酸的重要中间体。它可以由苯肼在乙醇钠的存在下与乙酰氨基一丙二酸二乙酯、丙烯醛反应生成苯腙，再在浓硫酸存在下环合。此方法存在收率较低的缺点，且操作比较复杂，不利于大规模生产。     

2-二乙硫基亚甲基-3-羰基(羟基)丁酸乙酯与吲哚及其衍生物的(脱硫)偶联反应

在回流条件下,二甲亚砜(DMSO)作溶剂,在20 mol％联萘酚酸存在下,2-二乙硫基亚甲基-3-羰基丁酸乙酯与吲哚及其衍生物能有效地进行脱硫偶联反应,高产率地生成β-吲哚基-β-乙硫基不饱和羰基化合物.在相同条件下,2-二乙硫基亚甲基-3-羟基丁酸乙酯与吲哚及其衍生物能有效地进行偶联反应,高产率地生成α-吲哚基二硫缩烯酮.该反应具有催化剂经济易得及其用量少、反应条件温和、环境友好和易操作等优点.     

3-醛基吲哚-4-甲酸乙酯的合成

以2-甲基-3-硝基苯甲酸为起始原料,酸催化酯化得2-甲基-3-硝基苯甲酸乙酯(1),1与N,N-二甲基甲酰胺二乙基缩醛缩合得β-哌啶基-2-乙氧羰基-6-硝基苯乙烯(2),然后还原环化得吲哚-4-甲酸乙酯(3),3再经Vilsmeier-Hacck反应制得标题化合物,反应总收率达57％。产物的结构经IR和^1HNMR得到了确证,纯度为99．2％。     

6-硝基-4-二甲氨基甲基-5-羟基-1-甲基-2-苯硫甲基-1H-吲哚-3-羧酸乙酯的合成

以对苯醌和3-(甲基氨基)-2-丁烯酸乙酯为起始原料,经Nenitzescu反应、乙酰化、硝化、溴代、缩合、Mannich反应得到一个新化合物6-硝基-4-二甲氨基甲基-5-羟基-1-甲基-2-苯硫甲基-1H-吲哚-3-羧酸乙酯,总产率19.3％.反应中间产物和目标产物结构采用1 HNMR和质谱确认.     

6-溴-2-溴甲基-5-羟基-1-甲基吲哚-3-羧酸乙酯的合成工艺研究

采用5-乙酰氧基-1,2-二甲基吲哚-3-羧酸乙酯和溴素为原料,于四氯化碳中,在过氧化苯甲酰催化下,合成6-溴-2-溴甲基-5-羟基-1-甲基吲哚-3-羧酸乙酯,HPLC进行跟踪检测。采用正交设计研究确定了最佳合成工艺参数为:物料比1为n(5-乙酰氧基-1,2-二甲基吲哚-3-羧酸乙酯)∶n(四氯化碳)=1∶18.3,物料比2为n(5-乙酰氧基-1,2-二甲基吲哚-3-羧酸乙酯)∶n(溴素)=1∶2.84,反应时间5 h,反应温度45℃。在最佳条件下收率为84.6%,纯度为98%以上,达到了优化的目的。     

4-氮杂吲哚-3-羧酸的合成

以丙二酸二乙酯和2-氯-3-硝基吡啶为原料,经亲核取代、脱羧、缩合、环合以及水解等五步反应制备了4-氮杂吲哚-3-羧酸。并对其中影响收率的取代、脱羧和环合三步反应的工艺条件进行了优化,从而得到了一条操作简单、收率高的4-氮杂吲哚-3-竣酸合成工艺路线。     

5-[(3-吲哚基)芳甲基]-2,2-二甲基-1,3-二氧六环- 4,6-二酮的制备

研究了芳香醛、吲哚、丙二酸亚异丙酯在乙醇中的三组分缩合反应，制备了5—[(3—吲哚基)芳甲基]—2，2—二甲基—1，3—二氧六环—4，6—二酮，产率为77％～90％，产物结构经^1HNMR、IR确证。     

Ferroelectric Ceramics in the PbMg1/3Nb2/3O3-PbCd1/3Nb2/3O3 System

Solid solutions (1-x)PbMg_1/3Nb_2/3O₃ + xPbCd_1/3Nb_2/3O₃ with x = 0-0.30 are investigated with purpose to work out a capacitor ceramics with good dielectric properties and low sintering temperature. It is found that the perovskite phase forms at sintering near to 980°C and begins to decompose at higher temperatures. When x grows from 0 to 0.30, the Curie temperature linearly grows from -10°C to +25°C, the dielectric permittivity ε_m in the Curie point T_C decreases from 18000 to 6800 and the phase transition becomes more diffused. The dielectric permittivity at room temperature is rather high and the temperature stability is improved. The system is of interest, because it can serve as a base for working out some ceramic materials for capacitors with low sintering temperature, which needs of no special atmosphere at burning.     

3-溴甲基-3-甲基氧杂环丁烷的合成

以2,2-二溴甲基丙醇（BBMP）为初始原料,通过与碱发生关环反应生成3-溴甲基-3-甲基氧杂环丁烷（BrMMO）。讨论了碱的种类和用量对BBMP关环产率的影响以及反应体系中碱的浓度、反应温度和反应时间对合成BrMMO产率的影响。通过实验确定的最佳工艺条件为：BBMP与NaOH摩尔比为1.0∶1.1,NaOH醇溶液的质量分数为12%,反应温度为78℃,反应时间为4h时,BrMMO产率为65%。最终产品经元素分析、IR和1HNMR检测确定为BrMMO。该试验工艺简单,原料易得,且溶剂便于回收、污染小。     

3-叠氮甲基-3-甲基氧丁环的合成

以三羟甲基乙烷与碳酸二乙酯为原料,经环化反应合成了3-羟甲基-3-甲基氧丁环(HMM O)。在低温下,HMM O与对甲苯磺酰氯反应生成3-磺酸酯甲基-3-甲基氧丁环(M TM O)。M TM O和叠氮化钠发生叠氮化反应形成叠氮单体3-叠氮甲基-3-甲基氧丁环(AMM O)。三步反应收率分别为76%,96%,85%。用核磁、红外、元素分析和DSC表征了化合物的结构与性能。结构鉴定表明为目标化合物AMM O。     

3-溴甲基-3-甲基氧杂环丁烷的合成

以2,2-二溴甲基丙醇(BBMP)为初始原料,通过与碱发生关环反应生成3-溴甲基-3-甲基氧杂环丁烷(BrMMO).讨论了碱的种类和用量对BBMP关环产率的影响以及反应体系中碱的浓度、反应温度和反应时间对合成BrMMO产率的影响.通过实验确定的最佳工艺条件为:BBMP与NaOH摩尔比为1.0∶1.1,NaOH醇溶液的质量分数为12%,反应温度为78℃,反应时间为4 h时,BrMMO产率为65%.最终产品经元素分析、IR和1HNMR检测确定为BrMMO.该试验工艺简单,原料易得,且溶剂便于回收、污染小.     

The Preparation and Crystal Structure of TlMnCl3, TlFeCl3, TlCoCl3 and TlNiCl3

The compounds TlMnCl₃, TlFeCl₃, TlCoCl₃ and TlNiCl₃ were prepared by heating T1C1 with the corresponding transition metal dichloride in an evacuated ampoule. Atomic positions were determined from powder photographs. All four compounds were found to be related to the perovskite type structure. TlMnCl₃ has a cubic structure, space group Pm3m, with a_o = 5.025 Å. The other three compounds are hexagonal, probable space group P6₃mc, with cell dimensions (in Å) a₀ = 6.976 and c₀ = 6.008 for the Fe compound, a₀ = 6.907 and c₀ = 5.981 for the Co compound and a₀ = 6.863 and c₀ = 5.881 for the Ni compound. The three hexagonal compounds are isomorphous. A measureable concentration of basal plane stacking faults was found to occur in TlFeCl₃ and also, to a lesser degree, in TlCoCl_3.     

Tunable color emission in LaScO3:Bi3+,Tb3+,Eu3+ phosphor

LaScO₃:xBi³⁺,yTb³⁺,zEu³⁺ (x = 0 − 0.04, y = 0 − 0.05, z = 0 − 0.05) phosphors were prepared via high-temperature solid-state reaction. Phase identification and crystal structures of the LaScO₃:xBi³⁺,yTb³⁺,zEu³⁺ phosphors were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD). Crystal structure of phosphors was analyzed by Rietveld refinement and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The luminescent performance of these trichromatic phosphors is investigated by diffuse reflection spectra and photoluminescence. The phenomenon of energy transfer from Bi³⁺ and Tb³⁺ to Eu³⁺ in LaScO₃:xBi³⁺,yTb³⁺,zEu³⁺ phosphors was investigated. By changing the ratio of x, y, and z, trichromatic can be obtained in the LaScO₃ host, including red, green, and blue emission with peak centered at 613, 544, and 428 nm, respectively. Therefore, two kinds of white light-emitting phosphors were obtained, LaScO₃:0.02Bi³⁺,0.05Tb³⁺,zEu³⁺ and LaScO₃:0.02Bi³⁺,0.03Eu³⁺,yTb³⁺. The energy transfer was characterized by decay times of the LaScO₃:xBi³⁺, yTb³⁺, zEu³⁺ phosphors. Moreover absolute internal QY and CIE chromatic coordinates are shown. The potential optical thermometry application of LaScO₃:Bi³⁺,Eu³⁺ was based on the temperature sensitivity of the fluorescence intensity ratio (FIR). The maximum S_a and S_r are 0.118 K⁻¹ (at 473.15 K) and 0.795% K⁻¹ (at 448.15 K), respectively. Hence, the LaScO₃:Bi³⁺,Eu³⁺ phosphor is a good material for optical temperature sensing.     

2,2,3-三氯-3-苯基-3-(3-甲基苯甲酰基)丙腈的合成研究

以苯甲酰氯、四氯化碳、间甲基苯甲酰氰为原料,合成了标题化合物。重点考察了氰化过程中不同原料配比、反应温度、时间、溶剂和催化剂用量对收率的影响。实验结果表明,其最佳反应条件为:n(1,1,2-三氯-2-苯基乙烯)∶n(3-甲基苯甲酰氰)=1∶1.2,二氯甲烷为反应溶剂,3 mmol催化剂三乙胺,室温反应5 h,总收率达80.6%。     

Thermal analyses of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate), poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate), and poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate)

Thermal analyses of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB), poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) [P(HB–HV)], and poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate) [P(HB–HHx)] were made with thermogravimetry and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). In the thermal degradation of PHB, the onset of weight loss occurred at the temperature (°C) given by T_o = 0.75B + 311, where B represents the heating rate (°C/min). The temperature at which the weight-loss rate was at a maximum was T_p = 0.91B + 320, and the temperature at which degradation was completed was T_f = 1.00B + 325. In the thermal degradation of P(HB–HV) (70:30), T_o = 0.96B + 308, T_p = 0.99B + 320, and T_f = 1.09B + 325. In the thermal degradation of P(HB–HHx) (85:15), T_o = 1.11B + 305, T_p = 1.10B + 319, and T_f = 1.16B + 325. The derivative thermogravimetry curves of PHB, P(HB–HV), and P(HB–HHx) confirmed only one weight-loss step change. The incorporation of 30 mol % 3-hydroxyvalerate (HV) and 15 mol % 3-hydroxyhexanoate (HHx) components into the polyester increased the various thermal temperatures T_o, T_p, and T_f relative to those of PHB by 3–12°C (measured at B = 40°C/min). DSC measurements showed that the incorporation of HV and HHx decreased the melting temperature relative to that of PHB by 70°C. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 82: 90–98, 2001