2,4,6-三(4-羧基-1-羧丙氨基)-1,3,5-三嗪的合成及阻垢性能

用三聚氯氰和谷氨酸为原料,合成2,4,6-三(4-羧基-1-羧丙氨基)-1,3,5-三嗪(TGAT)。讨论了反应物配比、反应时间、反应温度对产率的影响。FTIR及1HNMR表征了衍生物的结构。通过对产物进行阻垢实验发现,该类型阻垢剂对碳酸钙有良好的阻垢效果。通过扫描电镜考察了阻垢剂碳酸钙垢晶形的变化,结果表明,TGAT可使碳酸钙垢晶形完全扭曲,形成球霰石晶体,从而达到阻垢目的。     

PPG改性共聚物的结构特点及对阻垢性能的影响

采用溶液聚合法成功制备出聚（丙烯酸对苯乙烯磺酸钠丙二醇双酯）P(AA-SSS-PPGAZMA)共聚物,并对其结构进行了表征;然后将P(AA-SSS-PPGAZMA)用于工业冷却循环水阻垢,详细考察了聚丙二醇（PPG）相对分子质量、共聚单体配比、阻垢剂的添加量及溶液pH值对阻碳酸钙性能的影响;进一步考察了添加阻垢剂后,碳酸钙成垢晶体的变化情况。结果表明,P(AA-SSS-PPGAZMA)对钙垢具有良好的阻垢性能,且在PPG相对分子质量为800、单体配比m(PPGAZMA)∶m(AA)∶ m(SSS)为1∶2∶1、阻垢剂用量为3.5 mg/L时,对碳酸钙的阻垢率达到95.12 %;且P(AA-SSS-PPGAZMA)阻垢剂的加入,使碳酸钙晶体的晶型发生了变化,同时,可降低钙垢晶体的结晶度,最终实现阻垢的目的。     

端羧基超支化型绿色阻垢剂的制备及阻垢性能

采用熔融聚合法以木糖醇为中心核,成功制备了端羧基超支化型绿色阻垢剂,通过红外光谱仪和核磁共振对其结构进行了表征,采用静态阻垢法探讨了阻垢剂的添加量、水样环境的pH和水样温度对其阻碳酸钙和硫酸钙的能力。结果表明,端羧基超支化型绿色阻垢剂在较宽的温度范围及水体环境的pH=6~9时,对钙垢（CaCO₃和CaSO₄）均具有优异的阻垢性能,且当阻垢剂添加量为24 mg/L时,其对碳酸钙垢的阻垢效率达到了91.6 %;当阻垢剂的添加量为15 mg/L时,其对硫酸钙的阻垢效率达到了94.7 %;端羧基超支化型绿色阻垢剂的使用,均能极大程度地降低了钙垢晶体的规整性,且对于碳酸钙垢而言,端羧基超支化型绿色阻垢剂的使用还可以使碳酸钙垢的晶格发生畸变,从而达到分散阻垢的目的。     

天冬氨酸-柠檬酸共聚物对碳酸钙的抑制性能

以天冬氨酸和柠檬酸为原料,采用微波加热共聚合成法对天冬氨酸进行聚合改性,制备了天冬氨酸-柠檬酸共聚物(PAC),参照静态阻垢法,以碳酸钙为目标垢型,考察了PAC对碳酸钙的抑制性能、与阻垢剂(HEDP)的配伍性能以及阻垢性能对比,采用FTIR、NMR、AFM和XRD对PAC和碳酸钙晶体的形态、结构进行了表征。结果表明:天冬氨酸和柠檬酸通过酰胺化、水解聚合反应合成了PAC。PAC对碳酸钙垢具有极好的抑制作用,其抑制作用强于HEDP。当PAC投加量为6.4 mg/L时,PAC对碳酸钙的抑制率达95.04%;PAC与HEDP配伍性较好,PAC/HEDP的阻垢、缓蚀效果均优于PAC。AFM和XRD分析结果表明:PAC改变了碳酸钙晶体的形态和结构,由热力学最稳定的方解石转变为最不稳定的球霰石。     

QJ-F阻垢剂合成试验报告

本文对QJ-F阻垢剂的合成,进行了正交试验。通过合成样品对磷酸钙的静态阻垢率,以及产物溶液外观选出较佳样品及其相应的工艺条件,然后进行重复试验选出最佳样品及其工艺条件,最后对最佳样品测定不同浓度阻垢剂对磷酸钙垢和碳酸钙垢的阻垢率。结果证踢了QJ-F阻垢剂不仅对磷酸钙垢阻垢效果最佳,而且对碳酸钙垢阻垢效果也最佳。利用工业原料进行的合成试验,结果与试剂合成产物的效果相同。     

阻垢剂ME704在反渗透系统中的阻垢分散效果的研究

采用静态阻垢方法研究了5种阻垢剂对碳酸钙、磷酸钙的阻垢性能,并通过分散氧化铁性能实验对比分析了5种阻垢剂的氧化铁分散性能。结果表明,ME704具有优良的阻碳酸钙垢、磷酸钙垢效果及分散氧化铁性能,在相同加药量下ME704的阻垢效果、分散氧化铁性能明显优于其他4种药剂。     

聚丙烯酸阻垢性能的评定--静态阻垢法

在工业循环冷却水中,结垢是普遍存在的困扰系统正常运行的一大难题。使用阻垢剂已成为目前控制结垢最常用的方法之一。准确、快速地评定阻垢剂的阻垢性能对阻垢剂的开发和合理利用十分重要。通过聚丙烯酸(PAA)对碳酸钙垢的静态阻垢法阻垢实验,结果表明:聚丙烯酸有良好的阻碳酸钙垢效果。     

丙烯酸与2-丙烯酰胺-2-甲基丙磺酸共聚物的合成及阻垢性能

以水为溶剂,采用可逆加成断裂自由基聚合(RAFT)方法,合成了不同相对分子质量的丙烯酸与2-丙烯酰胺-2-甲基丙磺酸的共聚物(PAA-PAMPS),考察了PAA-PAMPS对碳酸钙、磷酸钙垢的阻垢性能.结果表明,同样条件下,用RAFT法合成的PAA-PAMPS共聚物对碳酸钙垢、磷酸钙垢的阻垢效果明显优于不可控自由基聚合合成的PAA-PAMPS样对2者的阻垢效果,尤其是对磷酸钙具有明显的阻垢效果,当Mn≈5 000、n(AA):n(AMPS)=9:1的PAA-PAMPS,其用量为8 mg·L-1时对磷酸钙的阻垢率达90%以上.     

聚环氧琥珀酸的改性及其阻垢机理的研究

聚环氧琥珀酸是一种无磷、无氮、生物降解性很好的绿色阻垢缓蚀剂,对碳酸钙垢阻垢效果很好,但对磷酸钙垢阻垢效果和对锌盐的稳定能力很差,可以在PESA中引入磺酸基。文章是以马来酸酐和2-丙烯酰胺-2-甲基丙磺酸(AMPS)为原料,合成改性聚环氧琥珀酸(MPESA),并比较两种阻垢剂的阻垢效果。最后通过测定PESA对碳酸钙晶体成核诱导期的影响、扫描电镜、X射线衍射等手段分析PESA对碳酸钙垢的阻垢机理。     

新型抗生物污染反渗透膜阻垢剂的研制及性能

对国产11种反渗透阻垢剂进行静态阻碳酸钙垢试验,并对各单体抑制微生物污染性能进行了研究.投加量为3 mg·L~(-1)时,2-膦酸基丁烷-1,2,4-三羧酸、羟基亚乙基二膦酸、小分子有机膦RO2和氨基三亚甲基磷酸对碳酸钙的阻垢率超过80%.对阻硫酸钙垢进行正交试验表明,RO2与氨基三亚甲基磷酸有较强协同效应.在上述试验基础上,添加杀菌剂进行复合型反渗透膜阻垢剂的研制.结果表明,复合型阻垢剂A3阻碳酸钙达65%以上,阻硫酸钙达12.2%;3种复合型阻垢剂对碳酸钙的阻垢率均超过60%,抗微生物污染等性能与进口阻垢剂效果相当,成本仅为进口阻垢剂的1/4;复合型反渗透膜阻垢剂可有效控制反渗透系统结垢及微生物污染.     

2,3,4,6-四-O-乙酰基-1-巯基-吡喃葡萄糖的合成

以无水α-D-葡萄糖为原料通过四步反应完成2,3,4,6-四-O-乙酰基-1-巯基-吡喃葡萄糖的合成.首先用α-D-葡萄糖和乙酸酐合成1,2,3,4,6-五-O-乙酰基-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖(Ⅰ),再由(Ⅰ)和溴素、冰醋酸制得2,3,4,6-四-O-乙酰-α-D-溴代吡喃葡萄糖(Ⅱ),然后用(Ⅱ)和硫脲制得2-S-(2,3,4,6-四-O-乙酰基-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基)-2-异硫脲氢溴酸盐(Ⅲ),最后加入氯仿和偏重亚硫酸钠制得最终产物2,3,4,6-四-O-乙酰基-1-巯基-吡喃葡萄糖(Ⅳ).通过FTIR、元素分析、1HNMR、13C-NMR等手段对产物结构进行了表征.     

N,N,N-三甲基-2-羟基-3-硬脂酰氧基丙基氯化铵的合成与表征

以环氧氯丙烷(ECH)和三甲胺(TMA)为原料,在40 kHz超声辅助下合成了季铵盐型活性醚化剂环氧氯丙基三甲基氯化铵(GTA);GTA在超声辅助下与硬脂酸反应,合成了阳离子单酯表面活性剂N,N,N-三甲基-2-羟基-3-硬脂酰氧基丙基氯化铵(CMESA)。通过元素分析,IR等手段对CMESA进行了表征,并考察了反应温度,n(GTA)∶n(硬脂酸),pH和反应时间等因素对产率的影响。结果表明,CMESA的合适合成条件为:超声频率50 kHz,n(GTA)∶n(硬脂酸)=3∶1,反应温度70℃,反应时间4 h,此条件下CMESA的产率为94.90%。     

Proinflammatory Cytokines (IL-1, -6, -8, -15, -17, -18, -23, TNF-α) Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in Rheumatoid Arthritis—A Literature Review

Conducted studies highlight that a mixture of genetic and environmental factors is responsible for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) development. This study aimed to analyze the available literature for the relationship between, on the one hand, single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the proinflammatory cytokines genes interleukin-1 (IL-1), -6, -8, -15, -17, -18, and -23, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and on the other hand, RA susceptibility, severity, and patients’ response to applied treatment. The PubMed database was searched for sources. Preference was given to articles which were published within the past 20 years. Data indicate that the relationship between selected SNPs in proinflammatory cytokines genes and susceptibility to developing RA is inconclusive, and it depends on the ethnicity of the population. Although the allelic and genotypic frequencies of many SNPs in proinflammatory cytokines genes analyzed did not differ between RA patients and healthy controls, deeper analysis showed that these polymorphisms have a relationship with clinicopathological features of RA. SNPs in proinflammatory cytokines genes also “modify patients’ response” to applied treatment. Further studies, on larger cohorts of subjects and in different populations, should be conducted to elucidate the role of SNPs in IL-1, -6, -8, -15, -17, -18, and -23, and TNF-α genes in RA patients.     

环保型脲醛胶生产消费现状及发展趋势

阐述了环保型脲醛树脂生产、消费现状及发展趋势.     

O,O-二乙基-O-异螺环-4-烯-3-肟硫代磷酸酯的合成

本文研究了以薯蓣皂素（Diosgenin）为原料合成O，O-二乙基-O-异螺环-4-烯-3-肟硫代磷酸酯的工艺，IR、^1HNMR、MS、熔点测定等手段对合成的化合物结构进行表征，分析其理化性质和波谱特征，确定所合成的化合物为目标化合物。     

Hydrogenation ofcis-9,cis-12-,cis-9,trans-12- andtrans-9,trans-12- Octadecadienoates

The products formed by hydrogenation of methylcis-9,trans-12- andtrans-9,trans-12-octadecadienoates with nickel and platinum catalysts have been compared with those from methyl esters of the naturally occurring all-cis linoleate. Hydrogen uptake is slower for thetrans isomers. Much of the monoene consisted of esters with double bonds at the 9 and 12 positions with their original geometric configurations. Monoenoic esters with double bonds at the 10 and 11 positions were predominatelytrans and apparently formed by conjugation before hydrogenation. Nickel produced more isomerization than platinum but less than previously reported for copper. With both catalysts hydrogenation proceeded both directly and through conjugated intermediates, in contrast to copper in which all hydrogenation is believed to follow conjugation. Presented at the AOCS Meeting, Los Angeles, April 1972. ARS, USDA.     

高反式- 1,4-丁二烯-异戊二烯共聚物

综述了国内外合成高反式－1，4－丁二烯－异戊二烯共聚物的配位催化体系，负离子催化体系，醇（钠）烯催化体系及其共聚物的结构与性能，用核磁共振，红外光谱对其进行了表征，并提出了发展建议。     

(S,S)-2,12-, (S,S)-2,13-, and (S,S)-2,14-diacetoxyheptadecanes: sex pheromone components of red cedar cone midge, Mayetiola thujae

We identified, synthesized, and field-tested the sex pheromone of female red cedar cone midge Mayetiola thujae (Hedlin) (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae), a pest insect in red cedar Thuja plicata seed orchards. Coupled gas chromatographic (GC)-electroantennographic detection analyses of pheromone extract revealed three components (A, B, C) that elicited responses from antennae of males, all of which occurred below the detection threshold of the mass spectrometer and thus had to be identified without spectroscopic data. Taking into account (1) their retention indices (RI) on three GC columns (DB-5, DB-23, and DB-210), (2) intercolumn RI differentials, and (3) the molecular structures of known cecidomyiid pheromones, we synthesized seven candidate pheromone components: 2,10-, 2,11-, 2,12-, 2,13-, 2,14-, 2,15- and 2,16-diacetoxyheptadecanes. Of these, 2,12-, 2,13-, and 2,14-diacetoxyheptadecane had RIs on all columns consistent with those of A, B, and C and elicited strong antennal responses when tested at picogram levels. In field experiments with the twelve stereoselectively synthesized stereoisomers, only the SS-stereoisomers of 2,12-, 2,13-, and 2,14-diacetoxyheptadecane attracted male M. thujae. The three-component SS-stereoisomer blend was more attractive than the 12-component blend of all stereoisomers, suggesting that one or several nonnatural stereoisomers are inhibitory. One-, two-, and three-component lures of the SS-stereoisomers were equally effective in attracting male M. thujae, indicating redundancy in the pheromone. Identification of the M. thujae sex pheromone will allow development of pheromone-based monitoring, and possibly control, of M. thujae populations in T. plicata seed orchards.