定冷水小分床处理工艺再生探索

发电机定冷水水质与发电机的对地绝缘性能和铜线棒的腐蚀速率密切相关,定冷水处理工艺的优劣直接影响机组的运行安全。随着《大型发电机内冷却水质及系统技术要求(DL/T801-2010)》在2011年5月发布和执行,对大型机组发电机定冷水系统非密闭运行时的定冷水水质提出了更高的要求,pH值8.0～9.0,电导率0. 4～2. 0μS/cm (2 5℃),铜离子浓度低于2 0μg/L。采用小分床处理工艺SZSY-3发电机定冷水处理装置能满足大型机组pH值8.0～8.9,电导率0.4～2.0μS/cm(25℃),铜离子浓度低于20μg/L。而定冷水小分床再生装置可对小分床内树脂进行体外再生,从而实现树脂的重复利用,提高小分床的使用寿命。     

发电机内冷水单床钠型混床碱化处理法的应用

本文论述了发电机内冷水系统采用单床钠型混床碱化处理法的可行性,该方法利用发电机自带的单床离子交换器,在基本不增加投资的情况下,通过优化离子交换器树脂的再生,只采用单一钠型混床和适当的运行调整就能够调节和控制内冷水水质在期望值范围内。经过长周期的实践证明了该方法简单、稳定、可靠,能最大程度的降低发电机空心铜导线的腐蚀,确保发电机组安全稳定运行。     

发电机内冷水中pH对铜沉淀影响研究

计算发电机碱性水化学工况运行过程中,不同pH条件下铜离子的形态,并通过实验研究pH值与生成沉淀物的关系,采用SEM-EDS和XPS对滤膜截留沉淀物进行分析。结果表明,当pH8.0时,溶液中以CuO沉淀为主。由于内冷水中铜多以氧化物形式存在,采样后测得的铜离子含量不能完全代表空芯铜导线的腐蚀情况,需核算过滤器、离子交换器及反冲洗时内冷水中铜离子含量。     

发电机内冷水加碱化剂与小混床联合处理的调节因子探索

通过加氢氧化钠碱化剂法联合内冷水小混床处理方式来调节内冷水pH值,控制内冷水体系腐蚀。如若能够将离子交换器流量稳定在一个固定值,以电导率计值转换为4~20m A电信号传回计量泵,调节计量泵频率,可以控制内冷水电导率0.4~2.0μs/cm、pH值(8.0~9.0),还能保证铜含量≤20μg/L,那样就大大减小了值班员的劳动强度。     

发电机内冷水中pH对铜沉淀影响研究

计算发电机碱性水化学工况运行过程中,不同pH条件下铜离子的形态,并通过实验研究pH值与生成沉淀物的关系,采用SEM-EDS和XPS对滤膜截留沉淀物进行分析。结果表明,当pH>8.0时,溶液中以CuO沉淀为主。由于内冷水中铜多以氧化物形式存在,采样后测得的铜离子含量不能完全代表空芯铜导线的腐蚀情况,需核算过滤器、离子交换器及反冲洗时内冷水中铜离子含量。     

小分床处理工艺与发电机定冷水处理

发电机定冷水水质与发电机的对地绝缘性能和铜线棒的腐蚀速率密切相关,定冷水处理工艺的优劣直接影响机组的运行安全。随着《大型发电机内冷却水质及系统技术要求(DL/T801—2010)》在2011年5月发布和执行,对大型机组发电机定冷水系统非密闭运行时的定冷水水质提出了更高的要求:p H 8.0~9.0,电导率0.4~2.0μS/cm(25℃),铜离子浓度低于20μg/L。采用小分床处理工艺SZSY-3发电机定冷水处理装置,能满足大型机组定冷水质要求。     

发电机内冷水处理机理与技术综述

发电机内冷水在空心铜导线内运行,这一特殊环境要求其必须达到绝缘、不腐蚀、不结垢的要求。影响内冷水腐蚀和堵塞的因素包括溶解氧、p H、CO2等,通过提高内冷水p H和控制溶解氧含量能够解决这一问题。根据原理不同,内冷水处理技术可分为缓蚀剂法、换水法、小混床法、碱性处理法和氧含量控制法,介绍了这些方法的原理和应用,并对每种方法进行了评价。对于目前国内处理技术存在的小混床周期短、p H偏低等问题提出了建议。     

二氧化碳对发电机内冷水pH与电导率的影响

应用热力学方法,导出了空气中的CO2对用氨水和NaOH做碱化剂时,在开放内冷水体系及封闭内冷水体系的pH和电导率的影响的多个关系式,并用计算机作图展示了这些关系.得出了空气中的CO2对除盐水的pH和电导率影响很大,开放内冷水体系不能满足电导率和pH同时达标的要求,以及用碱化法抑制发电机铜导线腐蚀时用NaOH做碱化剂比用...     

二氧化碳对发电机内冷水pH与电导率的影响

应用热力学方法,导出了空气中的CO2对用氨水和NaOH做碱化剂时,在开放内冷水体系及封闭内冷水体系的pH和电导率的影响的多个关系式,并用计算机作图展示了这些关系;得出了空气中的CO2对除盐水的pH和电导率影响很大,开放内冷水体系不能满足电导率和pH值同时达标的要求,以及用碱化法抑制发电机铜导线腐蚀时用NaOH做碱化剂比用氨水更适宜等三点结论;提出了加强内冷水体系的密闭性,或在内冷水箱上加装防污呼吸器的建议。     

离子交换微碱化处理发电机内冷水试验研究

采用离子交换微碱化技术处理发电机内冷水,将内冷水中微量溶解的中性盐Cu(HCO3)2转化为Na0H,调节溶液成微碱性,从而有效地抑制了铜导线的腐蚀。现场旁路模拟试验结果表明：在小交换柱内填装等工作交换容量的钠型、氢氧型离子交换树脂后,能将Cu^2 平均质量浓度为371．0μg/L的微酸性内冷水转变成几乎不含Cu^2 的微碱性水,出水pH的变化范围为7．60～8．95。离子交换柱之前和之后的铜试片试验结果显示：交换柱前的内冷水具有腐蚀性．而经交换柱处理后的内冷水具有抑制铜导线腐蚀的功效。     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

ICP-MS法测定地球化学样品中As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量痕量元素的研究

建立了测定地球化学样品中包括As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量、痕量元素的ICP-MS方法。地化试样用HF-HNO3混酸分解后,以1 1 HNO3溶解干渣。由于制样不使用盐酸,避免了Cl对As、Cr、Ge、V的质谱干扰。用国家一级地球化学标准物质GBW 07309制备溶液优化仪器工作参数,并用于校准。方法测定限(6s)为:0.007~6.4μg/g,精密度(RSD%,n=12)为:29%~9.4%,经过国家一级地球化学标准物质的分析验证,结果与标准值吻合。方法已应用于国土资源调查的试样分析。