高强度高韧性Cr-Mo-V球扁钢的回火工艺

针对高强度高韧性Cr-Mo-V球扁钢热处理工艺繁琐,粒状贝氏体无法充分分解的问题,采用金相显微镜、SEM、TEM等检测方法研究了不同回火温度、不同回火时间对其组织与性能的影响。结果表明,通过600℃以上高温回火,并保温2h以上,可使试验钢中处于亚稳态的粒状贝氏体发生回复,向准多边形铁素体组织转变,原始组织中大尺寸、长条状的M-A岛发生分解,转化为粒状M-A岛;随着回火温度的升高,可进一步分解试验钢中的粒状贝氏体,使其颗粒更细,分布更弥散,显著提高了钢的低温韧性,获得了良好的综合性能。对于本试验钢,最佳热处理工艺为660~680℃回火,回火保温时间为3.0~3.5h。     

控冷冷速对高性能桥梁钢组织和力学性能的影响

 为了使控轧控冷工艺生产的高性能Q500qE桥梁钢具有较低的屈强比和良好的韧性,采用Gleeble-3800试验机模拟了试验钢不同冷速控冷工艺,研究了冷速对组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明：5~25 ℃/s冷却速率下形成针状铁素体、粒状贝氏体铁素体和少量弥散M-A岛构成的多相组织。随冷速增加,铁素体晶粒细化,M-A岛尺寸减小;强度和屈强比提高,冲击功先升高后降低。试验钢满足力学性能要求的控冷冷却速率范围是15~20 ℃/s。     

FB双相钢延伸凸缘性能与组织的关系

通过对比观察不同扩孔率双相钢的显微组织,研究了铁素体贝氏体双相钢的延伸凸缘性能与组织之间的关系。试验结果表明,当显微组织由多边形铁素体和粒状贝氏体组成时,FB双相钢能达到优异的延伸凸缘性。多边形铁素体有利于扩孔率的提高而下贝氏体和板条马氏体则有害;M-A的尺寸对延伸凸缘性影响很大,随着M-A岛尺寸的减小,扩孔率逐渐增大,当M-A岛的宽度为0.7μm时,FB双相钢的扩孔率能达到120%。     

热处理对X90管线钢组织性能的影响

将焊接的与未焊接的X90管线钢固溶后保温不同时间,对其显微组织和拉伸性能进行了分析.结果表明,X90管线钢在不同保温时间下的组织均由多边形铁素体和粒状贝氏体组成.随着保温时间的延长,粒状贝氏体由弥散状变为团状,M-A岛的含量增多,铁素体平均晶粒尺寸增大.焊接的与未焊接的实验钢保温时间为30 min,抗拉强度分别达最高660 MPa和725 MPa;保温60 min时抗拉强度分别最低为603 MPa和647 MPa.析出强化和细晶强化对钢的力学性能都有贡献,在保温30 min时,析出强化占主导地位.热处理对X90管线钢的性能影响对于经过焊接的与未焊接的实验钢,表现出了同样的趋势.     

回火对Si-Mn-Mo系贝氏体钢组织性能的影响

研究了淬火后不同温度回火对Si-Mn-Mo系贝氏体钢显微组织与力学性能的影响.结果表明,采用淬火后回火的工艺可以显著提高Si-Mn-Mo系贝氏体钢的强度和塑性.淬火后300℃回火与350℃回火,该钢的力学性能相差不大,而450℃回火后强度、硬度相对较低,韧塑性略有提高.组织观察表明,该钢为贝氏体铁素体和残余奥氏体(片状和块状M-A岛)的复合组织,适当温度回火可以促进块状M-A岛分解,增加板条铁素体含量,提高残余奥氏体的机械稳定性,进而稳定其组织性能..     

热处理工艺对15CrMo合金结构钢组织性能的影响

研究了不同热处理工艺对15CrMo合金结构钢组织及力学性能的影响。结果表明,试验钢于不同正火温度下组织为铁素体、珠光体和贝氏体,随正火温度升高,中心偏析条带逐渐消失,粒状贝氏体组织逐渐增多且更粗大,晶粒逐渐粗化。中心偏析条带处组织为粒状贝氏体,C、Mn、Cr、Mo元素均在该区域出现偏析现象。随着正火温度升高,回火后试样的屈服强度、抗拉强度逐渐升高,伸长率和冲击韧性降低。试验钢于900℃正火后进行650℃回火,可获得良好的强韧性匹配。     

Ni含量对控轧控冷船舶用Nb-Ti微合金化NiCr钢组织和性能的影响

研究了0.31%Ni和0.88%Ni二种控轧控冷Nb-Ti微合金化NiCr钢的组织和性能。结果表明,船舶用钢控轧控冷获得粒状贝氏体、上贝氏体、针状铁素体、多边形铁素体及少量珠光体等组成的复合组织。控轧控冷造成铁素体晶粒尺寸细化,细小M-A岛增多。二种钢均获得较高的抗拉强度、屈服强度、伸长率和硬度,0.88Ni-0.32Cr钢性能优于0.31Ni-0.33Cr钢。船舶用钢-80℃试样纵向冲击功都在200J以上,0.88Ni-0.32Cr钢甚至超过了300J。该钢中最佳的Ni含量为0.88%Ni。由于控轧控冷造成了铁素体细晶强化、M-A岛复合强化、析出强化和位错强化,合金元素镍有效的提高了船舶钢的低温冲击韧性。     

控冷返红温度对Q460GJE高建钢组织和力学性能的影响

利用Gleeble热力学模拟机、扫描电镜、透射电镜、着色腐蚀金相等方法研究了控冷返红温度对TMCP交货态低屈强比(不大于0.80)Q460GJE高建钢组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明:随着返红温度的升高,一方面,粒状贝氏体数量减少,针状铁素体数量增加,晶粒显著粗化,屈服强度降低;另一方面,硬相M-A岛的数量增多、尺寸增大,抗拉强度略有上升,屈强比和冲击功(-40℃)降低。拉伸和冲击性能均满足低屈强比Q460GJE钢要求的返红温度范围是590~620℃。     

高性能耐火耐候建筑结构用钢的显微组织研究

利用光学显微镜和透射电子显微镜对不同热处理工艺制度下高性能耐火耐候建筑用钢的显微组织进行了观察和分析。结果表明：热轧态50mm厚的高性能耐火耐候建筑用钢在910-940℃范围内正火,经600-700℃温度回火后,能获得铁素体、低碳贝氏体并含有少量M／A岛的组织,在低碳贝氏体边界上形成的细小稳定合金碳化物,有利于该钢在高温状态下的组织稳定及耐火性能的提高。     

JGR610E大型油罐用钢不同工艺下的显微结构特征

利用热模拟试验方法系统研究了在线淬火型油罐用钢在不同轧制工艺和不同热处理工艺下的组织特征,并分析了微合金元素碳氮化物的粒子析出行为,研究结果表明,随终轧温度的降低,油罐用钢晶粒尺寸逐渐细化,铁素体数量逐渐增多;随冷却速度的增大,JGR610E组织类型由针状铁素体向粒状贝氏体到板条状下贝氏体转变,晶粒越来越细小。     

The effect of amount of possession of the trait of hostility on accuracy of perception of hostility in others.

Some theories of personality hold that an individual's perception of others is influenced by his own personality characteristics; more specifically, that a trait of low social value will be projected more into others, and that insight into the possession of these characteristics reduces this distortion. These 2 hypotheses were tested by having a group of college students rate each other (including themselves) on degree of friendliness or hostility. Agreement with group rating about self yielded the insight score. In general, the hypotheses were supported; the "friendly" Ss were most accurate in their perception of others, and insight was positively associated with accurate perception. From Psyc Abstracts 36:04:4HL16M. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Comparison of rates of infection of two methods of emergency ventricular drainage

The rates of infection of two methods of external ventricular drainage in use at Atkinson Morley's Hospital--namely, (a) percutaneous drainage with Rickham reservoirs and (b) tunnelled ventriculostomies--were compared in this retrospective review. Percutaneous drainage of CSF with Rickham reservoirs was associated with a 27% rate of infection as identified by positive microbiological cultures; tunnelled ventriculostomy catheters had a 10% infection rate. The difference in the infection rate between the two methods was statistically significant (P < 0.015). Other variables examined, including the age and sex of the patients and the reasons for ventricular drainage, were not associated with an increased rate of infection. Most infections from either method were caused by a coagulase negative staphylococcus. The average duration of ventricular drainage before identification of positive cultures was 5.7 days for Rickham reservoirs and 6.0 days for ventriculostomies.     

浅析《野草》的版画特征

鲁迅先生一生热爱美术作品,对版画中木刻兴趣尤甚.<野草>作为其"写心之作",亦呈现出一些与木刻版画一致的审美特征:一是具有木刻版画的色彩特征,多对比、多冷色,有阴郁的美感;二是具有木刻版画的力度特征,环境描写、人物刻画处处刀锋毕现,遒劲有力,有一种"力之美".     

四辊破碎机车刀架的改造

针对四辊破碎机车刀架车削中存在的几个问题,详细介绍了电动车刀架的结构和工作原理,建立主要设计参数的数学表达式,并进行适当的分析。改造后,这种电动车刀架运行平稳、可靠、方便、省力,取得了预期的效果。     

转炉炉壳热应力分析

根据实际转炉建立实体模型。以有限元为手段,考虑了炉衬和炉壳材料的物性参数随温度变化的特点和炉衬与炉壳之间膨胀间隙,计算了转炉炉壳在温度载荷和炉衬膨胀压力同时作用下的热应力。所得结果可为转炉炉壳设计提供依据。     

Comparison of the results of surgical and conservative treatment of fractures of the diaphysis of the tibia

In this paper is treated the fundamental problematic of the fracture of the diaphysis of the tibia and the therapeutic results after the conservative and operative treatment are confronted. Among 518 patients with 433 open fractures and 35 with closed fractures of the diaphysis of the tibia, successful treatment of more 2/3 was obtained in the period from 1968 to 1972. Following our casuistics and literature, whose results are similar, we find out that the average total treatment of the osteosynthesis of the fracture of the diaphysis was shortened for 2,5 months depending upon the type and the localisation of the fracture. Apolied methods of the operative and conservative and conservative treatment in relation to the velocity of the medical cure as well as to the extreme anatomical-functional results are analised. We noticed that osteosynthesis, made by the intermedullary nail and the extension of the canals or by a small AO table, by the achieved stability makes conditions of immediate motions and an early rehabilitation. Because of that it gives the best functional results.     

焦炭热性能指标意义浅析

通过对焦炭在高炉内的历程及其变化规律的剖析,阐述焦炭热性能指标的意义,形象地把焦炭在高炉内的损耗分为三部分(M1,M2,M3)。指出M2对焦比及焦炭价格有一定的指导作用。     

Results of treatment of cancer of the cardia

Cancer of the cardia is traditionally discussed with cardiac cancer of the lower portion of the esophagus and upper gastric cancer invading the esophagus, and the specific characteristics of cancer of the cardia have never been clearly defined. We reviewed the outcome of 172 patients with adenocarcinoma of the cardia who had undergone radical surgery between 1949 and 1994 in the Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery of the Cancer Institute Hospital. The centers of the tumors were located within 2 cm above and below the boundary between the esophagus and the stomach, and their longitudinal diameter was less than 8 cm. We divided the patients into an early period (1949-1979; n = 79) and a late period (1980-1994; n = 93), and focused on the historical transition. There were no differences in patient gender or histology between the two periods. However, the late period was associated with fewer cases of esophageal invasion and shorter longitudinal diameter, as the age of the population advanced. The number of advanced cancers such as the localized and infiltrative type had decreased, and early cancer and early clinical stage had become more common, but despite the fact that the number of early cancers had increased, extended dissection, such as thoracic and paraaortic lymph node dissection, was performed more frequently. By clinical stage, the long-term outcome markedly improved in Stage I patient in the late period, and tended to improve in Stage II and III patients. This appears to have been attributable to the prevention of micrometastasis by extended dissection, although the number of early cancers is another major potential cause. There were no differences in the outcome of Stage IV patients between the two periods, and further advances in multimodality therapy must be awaited. The range of resection is basically proximal gastrectomy, and if there are adequate indications, the prognosis is favorable. In view of the status of lymphatic flow and lymph node metastasis, and long-term results, lateroaortic lymph node dissection is important. Since the number of early cancer patients has been increasing, if intraabdominal recurrence is prevented, intrathoracic lymph node dissection will contribute greatly to the outcome of such patients.     

参与式农业基地建设行动方案设计

为了编制实用性强的基地建设行动方案,首先,确定参与式发展的主体,搭建一个"决策框架";其次,针对行动目标,提出不同参与主体,如管理者、农民、消费者等团队与个人的目标及行动内容;最后,工作应向重塑伙伴式合作关系,挖掘农民自我发展潜力,完成三大角色的转换,打造农业基地文化等方向推进.