覆岩分次垮落时留巷顶板离层形成机制

从采场侧向覆岩活动的阶段特征入手,结合数值模拟分析了顶板离层的形成过程,建立了顶板岩梁受力模型,推导得出了顶板下沉与离层数值的影响因素和算式.在采动期间,巷道顶板同期破断的岩层组间不会发生离层,分次垮落岩层组间的离层值取决于各岩层组力学性质与层厚的差异,并受顶板岩梁旋转基点深度和采空区侧向悬臂长度的影响.提供合理的顶板支护阻力可以约束锚固区内的离层,以高初撑力锚杆索和单体支柱为基础的刚性主动支护,能够扩散和均化支护应力,满足控顶载荷需求并有效控制离层.     

深井巷道顶板锚固体破坏特征及稳定性分析

结合深井回采巷道围岩锚固体变形破坏特征,分析了深井回采巷道顶板锚固体失稳机理,建立了巷道顶板不同破坏形态的稳定性模型,得出了深井回采巷道锚杆、锚索支护条件下顶板锚固体稳定性力学方程,并结合古汉山矿深井回采巷道锚杆、锚索耦合支护方案开展验证性研究,对现场试验巷道顶板锚固体的稳定性进行了力学求解及数据分析,提出的深井回采巷道锚杆、锚索耦合支护方案支护参数合理,顶板离层量小于25mm、顶底板及两帮位移收敛量小于180mm,均保持在可控范围内,锚杆、锚索耦合支护有利于巷道围岩的稳定.     

厚层松软复合顶板煤巷梯次支护力学原理及应用

井厚层软弱复合顶板巷道围岩,单一长度的锚索加强支护,形不成稳固的承载结构,导致下位岩层离层,巷道围岩继续变形和破坏.提出了梯次支护原理,首先采用锚杆支护在巷道顶板浅部围岩造壳(一阶支护),再采用短锚索支护控制顶板中下部软弱煤岩形成二次强化锚固承载结构(二阶支护),再应用长锚索对已形成的二阶锚固承载体向顶板上部深层煤岩体实施整体组合锚固(三阶支护),在顶板岩层中形成一定厚度和承载强度的具有组合锚固效应的阶梯式立体支护结构,并对其支护力学原理进行了理论分析.该支护技术成功应用于淮南顾桥煤矿11151轨道顺槽,其巷道顶板浅部围岩离层分别为10和14 mm左右,深部围岩离层最大值为23 mm.     

无煤柱自成巷动压承载支护作用机理与设计方法

为探究切顶卸压无煤柱自成巷开采动压影响期间巷内临时支护的设计方法,分析了自成巷道顶板结构的演化过程与变形特征,阐明了动压承载临时支护的作用机理,基于Hoek-Brown强度准则,建立了切顶短臂梁顶板破断力学模型,利用极限分析上限法,推导出了短臂梁在临界位置断裂时的支护阻力计算方法,探究了有关因素对支护阻力大小的影响规律,将设计方法应用至柠条塔矿现场试验,效果良好.研究表明：动压承载临时支护的作用为控制顶板离层变形并适应顶板回转变形;支护阻力随着顶板岩体容重、上覆岩层垂直应力、采动应力集中系数和巷道宽度的增大而逐渐增大,随着顶板岩体内聚力、内摩擦角、碎胀矸石支承系数、短臂梁顶板厚度和支护非对称系数的增大而逐渐减小.相较于其他因素,顶板岩体内聚力、上覆岩层垂直应力与巷道宽度对支护阻力的影响更加显著.     

锚网煤巷顶板离层临界值的计算和分析

对于锚网支护的煤巷来说,顶板离层是潜在的安全威胁。为确定锚网煤巷的顶板离层临界值,分析了煤巷顶板离层的发生机理,建立了锚网实体煤巷道和锚网沿空巷道的顶板临界离层的力学模型;在此基础上通过近似和简化,求解了两类锚网煤巷的离层临界值数学表达式。最后根据一回采工作面的基本条件,试算了两类煤巷的顶板离层临界值,并与实际观测数据进行了对比和分析。结果表明沿空巷道的顶板离层值远大于实体煤巷道的顶板离层值,建立的沿空巷道离层值表达式能够很好的与实测值吻合,实体煤离层值表达式与实测值虽有差距,但能够用于巷道掘进期间的顶板离层预测。     

深部复合顶板巷道变形破坏机理研究

高应力下软弱复合顶板的持续塑性变形破坏，是深矿井巷道支护与维护的难点之一．分析了车集煤矿2405工作面区段运输平巷和区段回风平巷的围岩结构和岩性特征，构建了该类巷道复合顶板的力学模型，导出了该模型的力学变形方程．对巷道顶板变形破坏机理进行了深入分析，认为当巷道顶板岩层所受轴向压力大于岩梁达到屈服时的临界压力0．8倍时，巷道变形（下沉）明显增大，严重时产生冒顶．提出了同类巷道掘进过程中围岩控制的关键措施．     

基于Hoek-Brown强度参数的含顶煤巷道锚索支护力预测及应用

针对含顶煤巷道顶煤松散破碎、易产生离层并下沉破坏等特性,将非线性Hoek-Brown强度准则引入顶煤破坏分析中,构造了锚索悬吊支护条件下的顶煤曲线型破坏力学模型,利用塑性上限理论推导得到了含顶煤巷道顶板锚索支护力的理论计算公式,分析了不同顶煤厚度、Hoek-Brown强度参数及上覆岩层压力等参数对顶板锚索所需支护力的影...     

深部复合顶板巷道变形破坏机理研究

高应力下软弱复合顶板的持续塑性变形破坏,是深矿井巷道支护与维护的难点之一.分析了车集煤矿2405工作面区段运输平巷和区段回风平巷的围岩结构和岩性特征,构建了该类巷道复合顶板的力学模型,导出了该模型的力学变形方程.对巷道顶板变形破坏机理进行了深入分析,认为当巷道顶板岩层所受轴向压力大于岩梁达到屈服时的临界压力0.8倍时,巷道变形(下沉)明显增大,严重时产生冒顶.提出了同类巷道掘进过程中围岩控制的关键措施.     

直接顶厚度对回采巷道稳定性影响的数值模拟研究

当回采巷道沿煤层顶板或底板布置时,由于煤层一般较顶底板软弱,因此,巷道围岩的矿压显现特征主要表现为两帮煤体的变形、破坏等现象,巷道易发生两帮煤体沿层理向巷道空间挤出的现象,并进而产生破碎、松动等现象.这与巷道上覆岩层的应力有着密切的关系.本文运用RFPA软件,分析了回采巷道上覆软弱直接顶厚度对巷道稳定性、巷道围岩应力分布与破坏情况、巷道围岩破裂部位与破裂范围的影响.通过对不同直接顶厚度影响下的巷道围岩稳定性分析,得出直接顶厚度与巷道围岩稳定性之间的数值关系,并分析了直接顶厚度对回采巷道稳定性的影响因素,这为煤矿回采巷道的开挖与支护提供一定的理论基础.     

直接顶厚度对回采巷道稳定性影响的数值模拟研究

当回采巷道沿煤层顶板或底板布置时,由于煤层一般较顶底板软弱,因此,巷道围岩的矿压显现特征主要表现为两帮煤体的变形、破坏等现象,巷道易发生两帮煤体沿层理向巷道空间挤出的现象,并进而产生破碎、松动等现象.这与巷道上覆岩层的应力有着密切的关系.本文运用RFPA软件,分析了回采巷道上覆软弱直接顶厚度对巷道稳定性、巷道围岩应力分布与破坏情况、巷道围岩破裂部位与破裂范围的影响.通过对不同直接顶厚度影响下的巷道围岩稳定性分析,得出直接顶厚度与巷道围岩稳定性之间的数值关系,并分析了直接顶厚度对回采巷道稳定性的影响因素,这为煤矿回采巷道的开挖与支护提供一定的理论基础.     

Roadway failure and support in a coal seam underlying a previously mined coal seam

The influence of an upper, mined coal seam on the stability of rock surrounding a roadway in a lower coal seam is examined. The technical problems of roadway control are discussed based on the geological conditions existing in the Liyazhuang Mine No.2 coal seam. The stress distribution and floor failure in the lower works after mining the upper coal is studied through numerical simulations. The failure mechanism of the roof and walls of a roadway located in the lower coal seam is described. The predicted deformation and failure of the roadway for different distances between the two coal seams are used to design two ways of supporting the lower structure. One is a combined support consisting of anchors with a joist steel tent and a combined anchor truss. A field test of the design was performed to good effect. The results have significance for the design of supports for roadways located in similar conditions.     

突出矿井深部新水平开采瓦斯综合治理模式研究

针对矿井浅部瓦斯治理模式已不能保障深部采区安全高效生产的现状,提出一种适宜矿井深部新水平开采的瓦斯综合治理模式.工作面消突采用底板岩巷穿层钻孔预抽煤巷条带瓦斯;底板岩巷布置“一巷多用”,在工作面回采工程中可兼做回风巷、尾抽巷、措施巷;回采工作面采用沿空留巷Y型通风综合治理瓦斯.其中,顺层钻孔预抽本煤层瓦斯,高位钻场顶板走向钻孔抽采裂隙带瓦斯,上隅角、尾巷埋管抽采采空区瓦斯,形成矿井三维立体瓦斯抽采体系.     

Wide pillar roadway retained in the deep high gas coal seam

According to the geological and mining conditions of deep high gas coal seam, this paper established the mechanical model of stope surrounding rock, and analyzed the stress distribution and deformation failure mechanism of working face and coal pillar. The research determined the arrangement mode that adjacent working faces retain wide pillar, and the reasonable support method of roadway that the combined support of roof and grouting combined together. The reasonable time of reinforced roadway was determined. Through analyzing the mechanical model of the ways of roadway supporting, this research drew the conclusions as follows: the combined support of roof and working slope improved the support strength and range of surrounding rock, optimized the support by adjusting the angle of anchor, and reached the support requirements by using cement grouting in working slope and chemical grout in roof. The technology was applied in 15104 working face of Baoan Mine, and obtained good results.     

Support technology for mine roadways in extreme weakly cemented strata and its application简

For the engineering geology conditions of bad mine roadway roof and floor lithology in extremely weak cemented strata, the best section shape of the roadway is determined from the study of tunnel surrounding rock displacement, plastic zone and stress distribution in rectangular, circle arch and arch wall sections, respectively. Based on the mining depth and thickness of the coal seam, roadway support technology solutions with different buried depth and thickness of coal seam are proposed. Support schemes are amended and optimized in time through monitoring data of the deformation of roadway, roof separation, I-beam bracket, bolt and anchor cable force to ensure the long-term stability and security of the roadway surrounding rock and support structure. The monitoring results show that mine roadway support schemes for different buried depth and section can be adapted to the characteristics of ground pressure and deformation of the surrounding rock in different depth well, effectively control the roadway surrounding rock deformation and the floor heave and guarantee the safety of construction and basic stability of surrounding rock and support structure.     

基于顶板风化程度及塑性破坏深度的围岩综合分类法

地下工程围岩分类是支护设计和施工的基础,国内外学者已提出了多种分类方法并取得满意成果,但诸如巷道上覆严重风化层等复杂地层的围岩分类,其研究成果还极为有限。以极限平衡区深入围岩深度为指标的分类方法为基础,首先考虑了矿山采动及煤岩体力学性质的影响,然后考虑了煤层顶板风化程度,最后得到最终塑性破坏区半径并进行分类。方法核心在于分析塑性破坏区和顶板严重风化区是否贯通,并根据贯通情况对塑性区半径进行修正。葛泉矿11912工作面回采巷道情况复杂、部分顶板严重风化,利用上述方法进行了巷道围岩分类,根据分类结果提出相应的支护对策并取得了良好支护效果。     

Control technology and coordination deformation mechanism of rise entry group with high ground stress

Based on engineering practices of Wuyang Coal Mine, we carried out X-ray diffract researches on No. 3 coal; and the rocks of its roof and floor by XRD meter, and simulated the interactive effect of the surrounding rock deformation by FLAC^2D5.0 numerical simulation software under the condition of different tunneling method of multimine roadway in parallel. The internal structures of the surrounding rocks of 76 belt roadway were monitored by borehole observation instruments; and then, we analyzed the reason of failure and deformation of surrounding rocks of several rise entry, and proposed the technical measures for controlling interactive effect of several rise entry surrounding rock deformation at last. For the thickness seam rise roadway, two conclusions were drawn: one is that the co-deformation among roadway groups mainly reflect on that both shear failure and deformation in coal pillar among roadways have decreased the width of pillar core region and clamping action of coal pillar to roof strata, increased the actual span of roof strata, intensified the flexural failure of roof strata and prized the bed separation of roof deep rock strata. The other conclusion is that the factors controlling the interactive deformation among roadways is obvious when appropriate re-adjustment in construction sequence of the tunneling of multimine parallel roadways because the construction sequence among roadways also has great effects on deformation of the surrounding rock in roadway.     

综放全煤平巷锚杆支护模拟试验研究

根据“巷道围岩松动圈支护理论”,以南屯矿３上 煤层综放工作面全煤平巷围岩条件为基础,对不同动压系数、侧压系数、锚杆支护参数条件下,锚杆支护巷道围岩应力分布、围岩变形及巷道破坏规律进行了模拟试验．试验证实,矩形煤巷顶板中存在一个卸压区,巷道两帮和角部区域围岩破坏严重,是支护的重点部位．锚网支护能有效控制采动压力影响下全煤巷道围岩的稳定性．试验得到的结论对于综放全煤巷道锚网支护设计和应用具有指导意义．     

De-stressed mining of multi-seams: Surrounding rock control during the mining of a roadway in the overlying protected seam

Surrounding rock control in the overlying protective coal seam is a challenging topic for de-stressed mining of multi-seamed coal. Current research findings on roadway control were used in the design of a physical model of a complex textured roof having a varying thickness. The model was used to study roadway instability and collapse caused by dynamic pressure. The results show that when the thickness of the roof exceeds the bolted depth the roadway security is least and the roof has the greatest possibility for collapse. Numerical simulations were also carried out to study stress redistribution before and after roadway excavation during underlying protective seam mining. The evolution of roadway displacement and fracture, as affected by support methods, has been well studied. A series of support principles and technologies for mining affected roadways has been proposed after demonstration of successful practical application in the Huainan Mines. These principles and technologies are of extended value to deep coal mining support in China.     

跨采软岩巷道锚注加固技术的实验研究

针对鲍店煤化北翼采区受放顶煤工作面跨采影响的下部主要岩石集中巷,对巷道采用不同支护形式的支护效果进行了相似模拟试验研究,得到了受跨采影响的软岩巷道在不同支护条件下的变形特征,为同类软岩巷道支护提供了科学的依据。     

松软厚煤层综放沿空巷道支护技术数值研究及应用

针对松软破碎厚煤层综放沿空巷道围岩变形破坏特征,建立沿空巷道原始围岩结构计算模型,模拟计算各种不同支护设计方案,优化支护参数,选定安全经济的支护方案.数值计算和现场工业性试验表明,U型钢支架壁后充填技术(顶部充填)能够满足工程要求.