回采巷道动压区锚索强化支护机理及参数优化设计

以车集煤矿2901工作面为工程背景,探究了回采巷道动压区锚索强化支护机理.通过构建梯形巷道等效围岩力学结构模型,推导了巷道围岩塑性区半径公式,基于悬吊理论建立了巷道锚索支护力学结构模型.采用FLAC3D软件对比分析了单体支柱和补强锚索不同方案支护时的巷道损伤破坏特征.结果 表明:梯形巷道顶板竖直方向最大塑性区半径为5....     

杨庄矿深部矩形煤巷围岩破坏特征及支护技术

为解决深部矩形煤巷支护难题,以巷道宽度为变量,采用室内实验、数值模拟、现场实测、理论研究的方法,建立了双裂隙抗剪切滑动力学模型,提出了高强高预紧力锚网索耦合分区支护技术.结果表明:顶板围岩主应力差分布范围、剪切破坏塑性区扩展延伸区域、变形延伸深度的响应程度均比底板、两帮强烈;顶板围岩可划分为裂隙贯通区、裂隙发育区、微裂隙区和无裂隙区;高强高预紧力锚网索耦合分区支护技术能积极调动顶板深部围岩强度,改善锚固体的应力状态,控制巷道围岩变形,满足矿井"安全、高效"的生产要求.     

大倾角极软厚煤巷围岩破坏机理与支护参数优化

以杜家村煤矿1201南运输巷为研究对象,结合FLAC3D数值分析方法与非对称性耦合支护理论,分析了1201南运输巷的围岩破坏机理并提出大倾角极软厚煤层的支护优化方案.研究结果表明,大倾角极软厚煤层巷道围岩破坏主要是由顶板上部岩层剪切与张拉作用所致;优选了支护方案,有效抑制了巷道底板的底臌、两帮的移近及其塑性区的发展.现场应用表明,顶板锚索支护范围内,锚杆(索)非对称性耦合支护的围岩整体性较好,巷道围岩在支护20~30 d后,变形趋于稳定.     

深井软岩巷道预留刚隙柔层厚度的确定及应用

针对深井软岩巷道围岩变形、破坏的特点,提出了预留刚隙柔层的厚度就是巷道围岩出现松动破坏前的塑性区径向位移．采用Bonaitin-Thomson模型对分区的巷道围岩进行了力学分析,推导出黏弹性区、稳定塑性区的径向位移计算式,并讨论了影响预留刚隙柔层厚度的主要因素．结果表明：巷道围岩位移与时间有关,且随时间的增长而增加,并最终趋于一稳定值．预留刚隙柔层厚度随巷道半径和原岩应力的增大而加大,随一次支护强度的增加而减小,但受一次支护强度的影响较小．曲江矿运输大巷预留刚隙柔层37cm,使巷道围岩充分释放变形能的同时又不损害围岩自身的支撑能力,二次支护后,巷道围岩变形量较小．     

破碎围岩梯度支护模型及分级控制研究

针对深部巷道大变形难控制问题,基于深部巷道围岩梯度破坏机理及巷道等强支护理论,进一步提出了围岩梯度支护分级控制原理和屈服破坏判据.针对巷道围岩破碎区,采取锚杆和高强水泥材料加固控制;对围岩塑性区,采取锚索和纳米基水泥材料控制,由此实现基于梯度破坏机理的巷道围岩分级三维承压壳控制.研究结果表明：破碎半径、支护强度以及加固厚度对梯度支护模型的敏感度较大,当r=R₁和r=R_p时,基于围岩梯度破坏的梯度承压壳发生屈服破坏的极限强度分别约为25和15 MPa;理论分析验证加固后的梯度承压壳可以实现破碎区边缘和塑性区围岩的恢复,理论得出最好状态分别能近似恢复至初始状态的52%和95%左右.梯度支护模型和分级控制方法在一定程度上为深部巷道围岩控制提供了理论和实践指导.     

深部大规模松软围岩巷道破坏分区理论分析

综合考虑巷道破坏特征及典型软岩应力应变曲线特征,对深部巷道松软围岩进行破坏分区,提出了适合破坏分区的四线段本构模型,建立了深部大规模松软围岩巷道应力分析的力学模型,推导了不同破坏分区应力解,得出了界定各破坏分区范围的表达式,结合具体工程验证了巷道破坏分区划分的正确性和合理性.研究表明:深部松软巷道围岩自巷道向外分别为塑性流动区、应变软化区、塑性硬化区和弹性区4个分区,各分区临界应力满足Mohr-Coulomb准则;围岩塑性区的范围随支护阻力、应变硬化系数、应变软化系数以及内摩擦角的增大而减小,随扩容系数的增大而增大;各分区范围的理论解能够有效指导支护设计,实现对深部大规模松软围岩巷道的长期稳定.     

深部巷道组合钢架合理支护间距数值模拟研究

为确定深部巷道组合钢架合理支护间距,有效控制深部巷道围岩变形,提高巷道施工机械化水平,以焦作煤业集团赵固(新乡)能源有限责任公司赵固二矿11071工作面回风巷为研究背景,采用三维有限差分软件对深部巷道6种支护方案的围岩变形、应力和塑性区分布进行对比分析.结果表明:深部巷道围岩变形和塑性区分布受围岩局部让压效应影响显著;在巷道拱顶、拱底以及两帮与底板交接部位均易出现应力集中现象;巷道开挖引起的岩体破坏以剪切破坏为主.根据数值模拟试验得出了深部巷道组合钢架合理支护间距,优选出的最佳支护方案可以减缓围岩变形,改善围岩应力状态,减少围岩塑性破坏范围,从而提高深部巷道围岩的稳定性.     

软岩巷道锚注支护结构蠕变分析

对锚注前软岩巷道围岩应力状态进行弹塑性分析,计算出锚注前围岩残余强度区半径;在此残余强度区内进行注浆,并将注浆区再细化为弹性区和塑性区,引入岩石蠕变的鲍尔丁-汤姆逊模型,建立了软岩巷道锚注支护结构的蠕变分析模型,采用塑性区岩体体积不变的假设,对锚注支护结构进行了黏弹性分析和黏塑性分析,推导出软岩巷道锚注支护结构应力及位移的蠕变公式.理论分析与相似模拟结果表明:软岩巷道锚注支护结构弹性区应力与时间无关,塑性区应力随时间而变化;弹性区、塑性区位移随时间的推移而不断增大,最后趋于一定值,且塑性区位移与半径成反比关系.     

窄煤柱沿空掘巷巷道围岩变形影响因素及非对称支护技术研究

为确定窄煤柱沿空掘巷巷道围岩变形影响因素和围岩控制方案,以晋能控股集团煤业集团有限公司隆博煤业有限公司8507工作面回风巷为工程背景,基于正交试验和FLAC3D数值模拟试验对沿空掘巷巷道围岩变形影响因素、不同条件下巷道围岩变形特征、4～10 m不同宽度煤柱的塑形区破坏范围、巷道围岩应力分布和顶板位移特征进行研究.结果表明:在煤柱宽度、煤体内聚力、煤体内摩擦角、直接顶厚度和顶板强度5种影响因素中,煤柱宽度对巷道围岩变形影响最显著;随煤柱宽度增加,巷道围岩塑性区破坏和变形主要表现在窄煤柱帮、顶板、底板和实体煤侧等部位,塑性区范围变化较小;合理的煤柱留设宽度为8m;巷道围岩变形为非对称性变形,煤柱侧巷道顶板和帮部变形显著大于工作面开采侧的.根据窄煤柱沿空掘巷巷道围岩变形特征,提出"顶板和两帮锚网索+钢带、窄煤柱帮贴帮槽钢梁+注浆加固补强"的非对称支护方案.现场工业性试验结果表明,煤柱留设宽度和支护方案合理,巷道变形后能够满足工作面开采需要.研究结果可为类似地质条件下窄煤柱沿空掘巷巷道围岩控制提供参考依据.     

综放全煤平巷锚杆支护模拟试验研究

根据“巷道围岩松动圈支护理论”,以南屯矿３上 煤层综放工作面全煤平巷围岩条件为基础,对不同动压系数、侧压系数、锚杆支护参数条件下,锚杆支护巷道围岩应力分布、围岩变形及巷道破坏规律进行了模拟试验．试验证实,矩形煤巷顶板中存在一个卸压区,巷道两帮和角部区域围岩破坏严重,是支护的重点部位．锚网支护能有效控制采动压力影响下全煤巷道围岩的稳定性．试验得到的结论对于综放全煤巷道锚网支护设计和应用具有指导意义．     

Support technology for mine roadways in extreme weakly cemented strata and its application简

For the engineering geology conditions of bad mine roadway roof and floor lithology in extremely weak cemented strata, the best section shape of the roadway is determined from the study of tunnel surrounding rock displacement, plastic zone and stress distribution in rectangular, circle arch and arch wall sections, respectively. Based on the mining depth and thickness of the coal seam, roadway support technology solutions with different buried depth and thickness of coal seam are proposed. Support schemes are amended and optimized in time through monitoring data of the deformation of roadway, roof separation, I-beam bracket, bolt and anchor cable force to ensure the long-term stability and security of the roadway surrounding rock and support structure. The monitoring results show that mine roadway support schemes for different buried depth and section can be adapted to the characteristics of ground pressure and deformation of the surrounding rock in different depth well, effectively control the roadway surrounding rock deformation and the floor heave and guarantee the safety of construction and basic stability of surrounding rock and support structure.     

Hydraulic support crushed mechanism for the shallow seam mining face under the roadway pillars of room mining goaf

While the fully-mechanized longwall mining technology was employed in a shallow seam under a room mining goaf and overlained by thin bedrock and thick loose sands, the roadway pillars in the abandoned room mining goaf were in a stress-concentrated state, which may cause abnormal roof weighting, violent ground pressure behaviours, even roof fall and hydraulic support crushed(HSC) accidents. In this case,longwall mining safety and efficiency were seriously challenged. Based on the HSC accidents occurred during the longwall mining of 3-1-2 seam, which locates under the intersection zone of roadway pillars in the room mining goaf of 3-1-1 seam, this paper employed ground rock mechanics to analyse the overlying strata structure movement rules and presented the main influence factors and determination methods for the hydraulic support working resistance. The FLAC3 D software was used to simulate the overlying strata stress and plastic zone distribution characteristics. Field observation was implemented to contrastively analyse the hydraulic support working resistance distribution rules under the roadway pillars in strike direction, normal room mining goaf, roadway pillars in dip direction and intersection zone of roadway pillars. The results indicate that the key strata break along with rotations and reactions of the coal pillars deliver a larger concentrated load to the hydraulic support under intersection zone of roadway pillars than other conditions. The ‘‘overburden strata-key strata-roadway pillars-immediate roof" integrated load has exceeded the yield load that leads to HSC accidents. Findings in HSC mechanism provide a reasonable basis for shallow seam mining, and have important significance for the implementation of safe and efficient mining.     

构造应力对煤层顶板稳定性影响的数值分析

煤层顶板垮落是煤矿生产常见的灾害,煤层顶板稳定性预测是防治顶板事故的关键技术措施。构造应力是影响煤层顶板稳定性的重要因素之一。利用FLAC3D软件,分析在构造应力的影响下煤层项板在采动过程中的变形破坏特征,以及不同侧压条件下煤层顶板的移动规律。结果表明,顶板破坏在岩梁中部是由下向上发展的,在一定的条件下,随着水平构造应力的增大,顶板破坏范围逐步减小,顶板岩层的位移逐步减小。     

Relationship between the rock mass deformation and places of occurrence of seismological events

Static effort of rock mass very rarely causes of rock burst in polish coal mines. Rock bursts with source in the seismic tremor within the roof rock layers are prevailing. A seismic tremor is an effect of rupture or sliding in roof layers above the exploited panel in coal seam, sometime in a distance from actual exploitation. Sliding, as a rule occurs in fault zone and tremors in it are expected, but monolithic layer rupture is very hard to predict. In a past few years a practice of analyzing state of deformation in high energy seismic tremors zones has been employed. It let gathering experience thanks to witch determination of dangerous shape of reformatted roof is possible. In the paper some typical forms of roof rocks deformations leading to seismic tremor occurrence will be presented. In general these are various types of multidirectional rock layers bending. Real examples of seismic events and rock bursts will be shown.     

松散地层隧道进洞段管棚注浆加固效应分析

依托江西萍莲高速莲花隧道,建立考虑松散地层隧道进洞段管棚注浆加固效应的隧道开挖三维有限元计算模型,实现不同管棚注浆加固参数对隧道开挖稳定性影响的定量分析,在数值计算过程中研究注浆加固区力学参数(弹性模量、黏聚力)、管棚间距、注浆半径等因素对隧道稳定性的影响,并将研究成果应用于依托工程中,验证数值计算结果的正确性。研究结果表明:在隧道进洞段,隧道拱顶区域与掌子面前下方区域存在塑性区,上述2个区域为隧道进洞开挖过程中最易失稳的区域;管棚注浆加固可有效限制围岩变形,降低围岩体积应变,且管棚注浆加固区可有效隔离拱顶区域的围岩塑性区,有利于保证隧道拱顶安全;在整个管棚注浆加固长度内,管棚最大沉降量出现在隧道开挖掌子面附近;管棚最大沉降量的绝对值与注浆加固区弹性模量及注浆半径负相关,而与管棚间距正相关,但管棚间距对管棚最大沉降量的影响程度相比其他2个因素小。     

松散地层隧道进洞段管棚注浆加固效应分析

依托江西萍莲高速莲花隧道,建立考虑松散地层隧道进洞段管棚注浆加固效应的隧道开挖三维有限元计算模型,实现不同管棚注浆加固参数对隧道开挖稳定性影响的定量分析,在数值计算过程中研究注浆加固区力学参数(弹性模量、黏聚力)、管棚间距、注浆半径等因素对隧道稳定性的影响,并将研究成果应用于依托工程中,验证数值计算结果的正确性。研究结果表明:在隧道进洞段,隧道拱顶区域与掌子面前下方区域存在塑性区,上述2个区域为隧道进洞开挖过程中最易失稳的区域;管棚注浆加固可有效限制围岩变形,降低围岩体积应变,且管棚注浆加固区可有效隔离拱顶区域的围岩塑性区,有利于保证隧道拱顶安全;在整个管棚注浆加固长度内,管棚最大沉降量出现在隧道开挖掌子面附近;管棚最大沉降量的绝对值与注浆加固区弹性模量及注浆半径负相关,而与管棚间距正相关,但管棚间距对管棚最大沉降量的影响程度相比其他2个因素小。     

煤矿直接顶与老顶离层破坏影响因素分析

复合巷道支护是国内外巷道支护的难题之一,而复合巷道在我国煤矿巷道中有着广泛的分布．煤巷的开挖位置一旦确定,其围岩结构状态就不再改变,岩层结构上的薄弱部位即为巷道的关键部位．巷道顶板离层破坏影响因素很多,通过对煤层直接顶、老顶的厚度以及岩体的强度等分析,确定其对顶板离层的影响程度,并结合力学分析,建立顶板离层力学模型,计算出顶板离层深度,另外还利用FLAC3D模拟软件,模拟复合巷道在不同环境下老顶与直接顶的变形量,从而得出引起顶板离层破坏的影响因素．     

综放工作面开切巷锚梁网支护技术研究

义马耿村煤矿综放工作面开采易自燃煤层，采用开切巷沿煤层项板布置．为此首先对开切巷锚梁网支护的设计和施工有关问题进行了研究，然后对巷道项板围岩进行了深基点位移观测，同时利用超声波技术对巷道两帮进行了松动圈测定，在此基础上讨论了大断面巷道锚杆与围岩之间相互作用关系．最后说明了锚梁网支护效果．本研究成果对大断面巷道锚梁网支护具有一定的参考价值．     

综放工作面开切巷锚梁网支护技术研究

义马耿村煤矿综放工作面开采易自燃煤层,采用开切巷沿煤层顶板布置.为此首先对开切巷锚梁网支护的设计和施工有关问题进行了研究,然后对巷道顶板围岩进行了深基点位移观测,同时利用超声波技术对巷道两帮进行了松动圈测定,在此基础上讨论了大断面巷道锚杆与围岩之间相互作用关系,最后说明了锚梁网支护效果.本研究成果对大断面巷道锚梁网支护具有一定的参考价值.     

Effects of coal seam dip angle on the outburst in coal roadway excavation

The prevention and forecast of coal and gas outburst has always been one of the key issues in coal mining safety. By simulating the process of tunneling in coal seam with different dip angle through FLAC3D software, the dangerous zone in which outburst may occur and the probability of outburst near the working face were predicted through the distribution of stress, displacement and plastic zone. Then we discussed the size of unstable area in the surrounding rock through the distribution of stress and the variation curve of the displacement on the roadway wall. The results show that, with an increase of the coal seam dip angle, the risk of outburst in the working face rises gradually. And the dangerous areas in which may outburst occur moves to the upper part of coal seam. The size of unstable area in the surrounding rock increases with the increase of coal seam dip angle.