挤压温度对高硅铝合金材料力学性能的影响

针对航空航天电子封装用轻质高硅铝合金材料,采用空气雾化水冷与真空包套热挤压工艺相结合的方法,制备了Al-30Si和Al-40Si过共晶高硅铝合金材料,并通过金相显微镜观察了材料的微观组织,测定了合金材料的抗拉强度以及延伸率,对拉伸试样的断口进行了扫描.探讨了挤压温度对材料组织、强度、延伸率及断裂行为的影响.结果表明:利用粉末冶金热挤压技术所制备的高硅铝合金材料,其硅相细小,当挤压温度为370℃时,其硅相大小为2～10μm,且分布均匀弥散;硅相尺寸随着挤压温度的升高而长大;抗拉强度随挤压温度的升高而降低,Al-30Si经370℃挤压后,其室温抗拉强度为239MPa,而550℃为206MPa;延伸率随挤压温度的升高而有所增加,但不很敏感;随挤压温度的升高,材料的断裂方式由单纯的韧性断裂逐渐向韧性与脆性共存的混合断裂方式转变.     

高硅铝合金几种常见制备方法及其细化机理

高硅铝合金根据制备方法的不同,其细化方法及原理也有所不同.主要综述了熔炼铸造、快速凝固粉末冶金和喷射沉积工艺制备高硅铝合金的方法及其细化机理.     

不同制备工艺对高硅铝合金组织及力学性能的影响

针对航空航天电子封装用轻质高硅铝合金材料,采用铸轧工艺、喷射沉积工艺和粉末包套热挤压工艺制备了硅含量高达35%的高硅铝合金,利用金相显微镜、万能电子拉伸机、SEM对3种不同工艺所制备材料的微观组织、力学性能及断口进行了检测分析.结果表明:在含硅量相差不大时,粉末包套热挤压工艺成型材料的硅相细小,可达到2～10μm,且分布弥散均匀,抗拉强度达到174MPa,比铸轧工艺成型材料的强度提高了86.1%,比喷射沉积工艺成材料的强度提高了57.2%.     

快速凝固铝硅合金材料及其在汽车中的应用

本文介绍了快速凝固技术的特点及在高硅铝合金中的应用潜力,综述了快速凝固高硅铝合金的制取方法及研究现状,扼要总结了快速凝固高硅铝合金在汽车工业中的应用,最后提出这一研究领域中存在的问题及发展前景。     

电子封装用高硅铝合金热膨胀性能的研究

采用雾化喷粉与真空包套热挤压工艺制备了高硅铝合金电子封装材料,测定了合金在100～400℃间的热膨胀系数值,并运用理论模型对该温度区间的热膨胀系数进行了计算,分析了高硅铝合金材料热膨胀性能的影响因素.结果表明:Si相作为增强体能显著改善Al-Si合金的微观组织与热膨胀性能,430℃热挤压下的高硅铝合金材料在100～400℃之间的热膨胀系数平均值与Turner模型很接近.     

快速凝固铝硅合金材料及其在汽车中的应用

本文介绍了快速凝固技术的特点及在高硅铝合金中的应用潜力，综述了快速凝固高硅铝合金的制取方法及研究现状，扼要总结了快速凝固高硅铝合金在汽车工业中的应用，最后提出了这一研究领域中存在的问题及发展前景。     

快速凝固过共晶铝硅合金的显微组织及摩擦学行为研究现状

过共晶铝硅合金由于具有高耐磨性、低热膨胀系数和高比强度而广泛应用于汽车和飞机制造业.该类合金在常规铸造下易产生粗大的脆硬初生硅相,降低合金力学性能及耐磨性.而利用快速凝固技术能够有效细化硅相,制备出高耐磨的过共晶铝硅合金.过共晶铝硅合金的性能可以通过改变共晶硅和初晶硅的形态及其分布、二次枝晶胞的尺寸或臂间距等方式加以改善.目前过共晶铝硅合金的研究大多是关于控制共晶和初晶硅的形态和分布,而针对常规铸造的细化晶粒工艺只对25％(质量分数)硅含量以下的过共晶铝硅合金有明显效果,因此研究人员聚焦于能对高硅含量的过共晶铝硅合金实现晶粒细化的快速凝固技术.快速凝固技术区别于常规铸造的特点是高冷却速度,研究发现冷却速度对过共晶铝硅合金的相平衡和微观结构有着显著的影响.随着冷却速度的增加,过共晶铝硅合金的微观结构细化、化学均匀性提高、固溶度增加,形成非晶及亚稳相,极大地改善了过共晶铝硅合金的性能.根据不同快速凝固技术制备的过共晶铝硅合金,其细化的显微组织及对应的摩擦学行为也有所不同.这些差异对于完善快速凝固过程中硅晶粒形核长大机制、形态演化机制及其对过共晶铝硅合金性能影响的理论体系能够起到有效的补充作用.本文综述了快速凝固过共晶铝硅合金四种主要制备方法:衬底急冷技术、快速凝固-粉末冶金技术、喷射沉积技术和选择性激光熔化技术,分析了相关快速凝固工艺的研究现状,对比了不同工艺制备的过共晶铝硅合金的显微组织及耐磨性能,并从理论体系、性能预测和技术工艺三方面对其未来的研究方向提出了一些可行建议.     

硅含量对高硅铝合金材料组织及性能的影响

针对航空航天电子封装用轻质高硅铝合金材料,采用空气雾化水冷与真空包套热挤压工艺相结合的方法,制备了Al-30Si和Al-40Si高硅铝合金,并利用金相显微镜、万能电子拉伸机、差热分析仪、TR-2热物性测试仪等设备系统测试和分析了该材料的显微组织、力学和热物理性能.结果表明:随着合金中硅含量的增加,经热挤压后的硅相尺寸相对要粗大一些;材料的热导率呈下降趋势,热导性能下降的幅度会随Si含量的增加而加大;热膨胀系数下降;材料的抗拉强度下降.     

快速凝固耐磨高硅铝合金研究现状

采用快速凝固／粉末冶金技术可制备出高硅含量的铝合金，这种合金具有高耐磨性和低热膨胀性，经合金化后还具有较高的常温和高温力学性能及热稳定性，现已发展成为一系列合金。简述了国内外快速凝固高硅铝合金的研究进展。     

AlSi5合金的制备

铝硅合金是一种典型的共晶合金,组织中的β相的性能与纯硅相似,在常规铸态条件下,共晶硅呈片状,初晶硅呈多角形块状和板状.硅相很脆,大大降低了合金的强度和塑性.因此,AlSi合金的性能和β相的形态与分布密切相关,尤其对于Si含量高的AlSi合金.本文综述了各种改善A1Si合金性能的制备方法(包括变质熔炼、快速凝固以及粉末冶金方法等),比较了各种方法制得材料的组织性能特点.同时研究了铸态和加工态AlSi5合金的组织结构特点.实验结果表明,经过轧制+退火处理后,α相晶粒尺寸＜50μm,α相和硅相的分布得到改善.     

Effect of boron on microstructure and mechanical properties of eutectic aluminum‐silicon alloy modified with phosphorus

In order to understand the effect of boron on the microstructure and mechanical properties of eutectic aluminum‐silicon alloy modified with phosphorus, complex modification of eutectic aluminum‐silicon alloy by aluminum‐3phosphorus and aluminum‐3boron was conducted. The results show that the area fraction of primary α‐aluminum in eutectic aluminum‐silicon alloy modified with aluminum‐3phosphorus increased first and then decreased with increasing amounts of aluminum‐3boron. The area fraction and the size of primary silicon decreased rapidly first and then stabilized. The morphology of eutectic silicon transformed from needle‐like into fine short rods or granules after complex modification with aluminum‐3phosphorus and aluminum‐3boron. The ultimate tensile strength of the alloy modified with 0.4 wt.% aluminum‐3phosphorus and 0.2 wt.% aluminum‐3boron increased by 18 %, compared with that of the eutectic aluminum‐silicon alloy modified with aluminum‐3phosphorus, while the elongation decreased by 5 %. It was concluded that the comprehensive mechanical properties of eutectic aluminum‐silicon alloy were improved.     

Microstructure and fracture behavior of Al‐Si‐Mg alloy prepared with recycled alloy

In this paper, microstructure and fracture behavior of Al‐Si‐Mg alloy prepared with recycled alloy were studied. The results show that some casting defects such as oxidation slags, pores and iron‐rich intermetallic phases exist in the alloy prepared with recycled alloy. Stress concentration forms in the tips of the pores and iron‐rich intermetallic phases in the process of stretching. Cracks are easy to initiate near slags due to the weakening of the adhesion between the oxidized slag and the aluminum matrix. In addition, silicon phases play a hindering role on the movement of dislocations in the process of crack propagation and merging of cracks which is strengthening the alloy prepared with recycled alloy to some extent. Crack propagation is mainly along the direction of casting defects, and the cracks connect with each other until failure of material. Moreover, the crack originate from silicon phase and extend along the eutectic structure of alloy no‐containing recycled alloy, and a large plastic deformation occurred in the α‐aluminum dendrites.     

Hydrogen permeability through rhenium and an Mo-Re alloy with and without chemically vapor-deposited tungsten coatings

The rate of silicon regrowth via transport of silicon through an overlying aluminum or aluminum alloy metallization at 500°C was studied as a function of doping level and grain size of the silicon and metal alloy composition, It is shown that the regrowth rate was significantly reduced or eliminated by (1) heavy phosphorus or nitrogen doping, (2) increasing the silicon grain size by laser annealing or (3) the use of an Al-Cu alloy for metallization. Conversely, the rate was found to be greater for Al-Si in comparison with Al-Cu or aluminum. These results are consistent with a model involving a nucleation step at the silicon-metal film interface and silicon transport through the grain boundaries of both films.     

高阻尼铝基复合材料在海水中的腐蚀行为

研究了高阻尼铝基复合材料在海水中的腐蚀行为,本实验所用高阻尼铝基复合材料是以6061铝合金为基体,加入SiC颗粒和石墨粉,用粉末冶金方法制备的。测定了高阻尼铝基复合材料在海水中的腐蚀速率度、电极电位和极化曲线,并通过与基体金属的对比来描述它的腐蚀特性。实验表明,在海水介质中,高阻尼铝基复合材料的耐蚀性能比6061铝合金差,孔蚀倾向大。在海水介质中使用高阻尼铝基复合材料必须加以保护。     

Microstructures and corrosion resistance of as‐cast aluminum‐10 wt.% silicon and aluminum‐20 wt.% silicon alloys

The microstructures and corrosion resistance of two as‐cast alloys, aluminum‐10 wt.% silicon hypoeutectic alloy and aluminum‐20 wt.% silicon (weight percent) hypereutectic alloy are investigated by conventional casting, the scanning electron microscope equipped with oxford X‐ray energy dispersive spectroscopy system and transmission electron microscope are applied for analysis. The results show that the microstructures change from the strip‐like into lump shape with the increase of silicon content from 10 % to 20 %. The electrochemical polarization curves prove that the aluminum‐20 wt.% hypereutectic silicon alloy had the better resistance with the corrosion potential of ?1.414 V and corrosion current density of 5.41 ? 10^?5 ampere compared with the aluminum‐10 wt.% silicon hypoeutectic alloy.     

Microstructure and compressive properties of Al-Si10-Mg lattice structures manufactured using selective laser melting

In this study, the aluminum alloy lattice structure was processed using selective laser melting, and the compressive behaviour was studied. When the porous aluminum alloy was compressed along the building direction, the compressive stress initially increased, followed by a decrease, and then another increase. The aluminum alloy lattice structure mainly underwent the stages of elasticity, shearing, collapse, and then densification in the course of the compression process; the fracture primarily occurred at the joints of the pillars and the support plates. Moreover, the fractures of the aluminum alloy lattice structure, as prepared by selective laser melting, exhibited dimples of different sizes and shapes. The silicon content at the bottom of such a dimple was higher than that at the edges. When the stress level reached its limit and was insufficient to coordinate the plastic deformation of the two phases (α-aluminum / silicon interface), micro-pores formed at the interface (the dimples resulted from the breakage of numerous micro-pores after aggregation), which caused the silicon content at the bottom of the dimple to be higher than that at the edge.     

Structural study of very thin anodic alumina films on silicon by anodization in citric acid aqueous solution

The formation of thin alumina films on a silicon substrate by anodization in a mild acid, specifically in 1% wt citric acid aqueous solution, is investigated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). We present a comparative study between two cases of starting material: pure aluminum and an alloy of aluminum with 1% silicon. In both cases the thickness of the Al layer was less than 50 nm. It was observed that under exactly the same conditions, in the first case the anodization was stopping before anodizing the whole film and a remaining non-anodized Al layer was always present, while in the second case, the Al layer was fully anodized, resulting in an alumina matrix with a very high density of silicon nanocrystals of uniform sizes embedded in it. In both cases the alumina film was compact and amorphous.     

直升机轮毂材料用喷射成形7055铝合金性能

目的 研究一种新型直升机轮毂用材料。方法 采用喷射成形工艺制备了7055铝合金轮毂,与传统2A14铝合金材料对比分析,分析了其组织结构（晶向结构、致密度等）、宏观性能（抗拉强度、屈服强度等）、静压试验以及L-T方向断裂韧性等。结果 喷射成形7055铝合金组织为细小的等轴晶组织,合金相均匀弥散分布,无宏观偏析、疏松、孔洞等铸造缺陷,其抗拉强度比传统2A14铝合金高出33.3%,承载能力高出39.4%。结论 喷射成形7055铝合金,可有效替代2A14等传统直升机轮毂材料,改善轮毂的稳定性和安全性,推进轮毂材料的国际化水平。     

Effect of combined magnetic field on the eliminating inclusions from liquid aluminum alloy

The effect of electromagnetic field on the removal of inclusions in the aluminum alloy was investigated. Primary silicon particles precipitating from the solidification of Al-Si hypereutectic alloy were regarded as inclusions. An experimental apparatus applied with both rotating magnetic field (RMF) and traveling magnetic field (TMF) was employed to study the distribution of silicon particles in Al-Si alloy under magnetic field. The results showed that combined magnetic field (CMF) consisting of RMF and TMF eliminated the silicon particles from the molten alloy. Compared with TMF or RMF, CMF increased the separating effectivity substantially. It was proposed that CMF provided a highly effective approach for metal purification.