低比转速叶轮内部流动的数值计算

为了解复合叶轮内部流动特性,采用雷诺时均Navier-Stokes方程和Spalart-Allmaras湍流模型对4长叶片的普通叶轮和4长4中8短16叶片的复合叶轮内部流动进行了数值模拟,得到了设计工况下两种叶轮内部流场分布,分析了中、短分流叶片对叶轮内部流场的影响。计算结果表明:采用长、中、短叶片设计的复合叶轮可以改善流道内流场分布,提高长叶片吸力面压力,有效地阻止液流的脱流,复合叶轮可以获得更高的静压差,有效地提高了离心泵的扬程。     

采用逆向工程技术对叶轮建模的研究

在引进、消化、吸收国外先进设备的过程中,当设备中一些型面特别复杂的零件难以用测绘的方法表示其结构和尺寸时,可以用逆向工程技术对零件进行复制。整体式斜流叶轮广泛应用在微型燃气轮机等的压气机部件中。叶轮叶片的设计、制造技术直接影响压气机机组的运行性能和可靠性,对压气机起着关键性的作用。主要研究利用逆向工程技术来实现某微型燃气轮机中整体式斜流叶轮的测量、再设计。探索采用PMM-C700三坐标测量机,利用叶片的叶盆边界和叶背边界作为扫描测量边界,进行扫描叶轮叶片表面的方法,实现了叶轮零件的数字化测量。提出叶轮叶片扫描数据处理的有效方法。实现了叶轮叶片的曲面重构。应用UGNX2软件对叶轮叶片的点云数据进行曲面重构,完成了基于UGNX2的叶轮零件建模。     

非设计工况下斜流泵叶轮进出口环量变化分析

基于RNG k-ε湍流模型对斜流泵内部三维流场进行了数值计算,重点针对非设计工况下的斜流泵叶轮进出口环量分布特征进行了分析。研究结果显示,在设计点附近的叶轮进口环量受叶片进口边影响较大,不同采样线的环量分布具有一定差异,小流量工况下受到叶轮进口回流的影响,不同采样线的环量分布趋于一致。叶轮出口环量分布受采样线位置影响较小,在设计流量点时,叶轮出口呈等环量分布。在小流量工况点,受到叶轮出口回流的影响,叶轮出口外缘处的环量数值显著增大。通过研究还发现,从叶轮出口流道通过轮毂一侧回流进入叶轮的流体微团具有与叶轮旋转方向相反的圆周速度分量,其环量数值甚至低于同工况下的叶轮进口环量值。     

斜流压缩机叶轮气动设计方法及验证

基于离心叶轮的设计理论,提出了高压比、高效率的单级斜流式叶轮设计方法,并完成了斜流叶轮的一、二维的初步设计和三维详细设计过程。所设计的斜流叶轮经过三维粘性计算及性能分析,满足性能要求,表明斜流叶轮的气动设计方法具有可行性。     

叶片空间型面造型对离心泵性能的影响研究

为了研究叶片空间型面造型对离心泵外特性、内部流场的影响,以一台普通离心泵为研究模型,利用Cfturbo软件设计了两种相同设计参数,不同叶片型面造型的叶轮模型,采用标准k-ε湍流模型对两种模型叶轮离心泵内部流场进行单相定常数值模拟,并采用RNGk-ε湍流模型对两种叶轮模型离心泵空化性能进行数值模拟,得到内部流场特征、水力性能。并通过离心泵性能试验对数值模拟结果进行验证。研究结果表明:设计工况下,自由曲面叶片叶轮离心泵的扬程比倾斜直纹面叶片叶轮离心泵高0.45 m,NPSHR相同;通过优化倾斜直纹面叶片叶轮完全可以代替自由曲面叶片叶轮,降低企业的生产成本。     

带分流叶片离心叶轮机械研究进展

针对分流叶片在3种离心工作机(压缩机、风机和泵)的应用及研究现状,从设计理论和内部流动两方面详细综述了离心叶轮机械中分流叶片的研究成果。通过总结带分流叶片离心叶轮机械内部流动方面的研究结论,对分流叶片的添置对内部流动特性和性能的影响机理有了深刻的认识,总结了分流叶片主要参数的取值原则,为分流叶片在离心叶轮机械中的应用提供了参考。最后在内部流动理论和特性以及设计方法方面给出了研究的展望。     

基于流场计算的螺旋离心泵叶轮静力学分析

为研究螺旋离心泵叶轮结构的振动特性,首先建立螺旋离心泵内部流场三维模型,对设计工况下的螺旋离心泵内流场进行了定常数值模拟,得到了叶片表面的压力载荷分布;建立叶轮有限元模型,以螺旋离心泵全流道三维定常数值模拟计算结果为基础,利用顺序耦合技术进行了有预应力的叶轮静应力分析和模态分析,结果表明:叶轮的最大应力出现在叶片进口的轮毂处,叶轮强度满足设计要求;叶轮最大的形变区域出现在叶片进口的轮缘处;叶轮的变形域随着频率的增加而增大;叶轮的各阶固有频率远大于泵的运行频率,因此在运行过程中不易发生共振现象。     

高温热泵离心叶轮变叶片数时流场特性分析

离心式压缩机作为高温热泵系统中的关键部件其运行效率、工况范围和安全性能都直接影响着整个机组的性能,而离心式压缩机叶轮叶片的数目是影响离心式压缩机效率的关键参数.目前离心式压缩机叶片数目的确定主要根据经验公式,同一叶轮取不同数目的叶片对叶轮内部流场的影响缺乏定量的分析.对高温热泵离心机取不同叶片数目时的单通道流场进行了数值模拟,分析变叶片数时叶轮内部吸力面分离区和分离点变化特性、二次流损失变化规律,优化叶轮叶片数目,为合理设计离心式压缩机叶轮叶片数提供理论依据.     

斜流叶轮轴向蜗壳内流匹配分析

斜流风机采用轴向入口方式的蜗壳设计使机构更紧凑.考虑蜗壳与斜流叶轮整体匹配设计中内流增效减损机制,按照气体自由流动轨迹设计蜗壳型线;通过内流匹配分析,比较了流叶轮对称和不对称两种轴向蜗壳入口方式,不对称蜗壳静压分布较好;单向涡流束取代了对称蜗壳中的双向涡流,从而避免了由于双向涡流引起的中间层的分离,减少了耗散损失,提高了外特性性能.在此基础上设计了几种轴向非对称蜗壳,比较了小直径轴向内蜗壳斜流风机采用无叶扩压器和有叶扩压器两种配置方案的内流场.指出了斜流叶轮设置导向叶片扩压器有利于提高风机性能,因此在斜流风机中推荐使用叶片扩压器.     

叶片数和安装角对氦气压缩机性能影响研究

使用ANSYS软件对主氦风机的叶轮进行模型建立和数值模拟,分别对叶轮的叶片出口安装角为27.5°～37.5°和叶片数为15～19的氦气压缩机进行建模和仿真计算,分析叶轮叶片出口安装角和叶片数对氦气压缩机内部流场和效率的影响。结果表明:随着叶片出口安装角的增大,叶轮的出口压力增加,但压缩机的多变效率下降;随着叶轮叶片数的增加,叶轮出口压力增加,在70%设计流量工况下,减少叶轮叶片数会导致压缩机多变效率下降;当流量大于设计流量时,增加叶片数则导致压缩机多变效率下降。     

Effects of meridional flow passage shape on hydraulic performance of mixed-flow pump impellers

During the process of designing the mixed-flow pump impeller, the meridional flow passage shape directly affects the obtained meridional flow field, which then has an influence on the three-dimensional impeller shape. However, the meridional flow passage shape is too complicated to be described by a simple formula for now. Therefore, reasonable parameter selection for the meridional flow passage is essential to the investigation. In order to explore the effects of the meridional flow passage shape on the impeller design and the hydraulic performance of the mixed-flow pump, the hub and shroud radius ratio (HSRR) of impeller and the outlet diffusion angle (ODA) of outlet zone are selected as the meridional flow passage parameters. 25 mixed-flow pump impellers, with specific speed of 496 under the design condition, are designed with various parameter combinations. Among these impellers, one with HSRR of 1.94 and ODA of 90° is selected to carry out the model test and the obtained experimental results are used to verify accuracies of the head and the hydraulic efficiency predicted by numerical simulation. Based on SIMPLE algorithm and standard k-ε two-equation turbulence model, the three-dimensional steady incompressible Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes equations are solved and the effects of different parameters on hydraulic performance of mixed-flow pump impellers are analyzed. The analysis results demonstrate that there are optimal values of HSRR and ODA available, so the hydraulic performance and the internal flow of mixed-flow pumps can be improved by selecting appropriate values for the meridional flow passage parameters. The research on these two parameters, HSRR and ODA, has further illustrated influences of the meridional flow passage shape on the hydraulic performance of the mixed-flow pump, and is beneficial to improving the design of the mixed-flow pump impeller.     

后置蜗壳斜流风机整机数值模拟

使用商业软件Numeca的Fine／Turbo模块，对包含斜流叶轮与蜗壳一体的斜流风机进行整机计算。对一斜流风机在设计转速下不同工况点进行了数值模拟，并与试验结果进行了比较，吻合较好。通过特定截面的不同流动图谱，证实了蜗壳、叶轮相互作用引起的整机流场的不对称性。研究结果表明，叶轮内部叶顶间隙区二次流动和叶轮与蜗壳相互作用引起的涡系是影响斜流风机效率的主要原因。     

非定常大涡模拟下混流泵叶轮的轴向力研究

为研究导叶式混流泵的轴向力,建立了导叶式混流泵内全三维流道模型,基于非定常大涡模拟亚格子尺度模型与滑移网格技术,对不同工况下的混流泵进行了数值模拟和性能预测,并将非定常方法计算值、定常方法计算值、经验公式估计值与试验值进行比较分析。结果表明:非定常方法计算得到的叶轮轴向力变化规律与试验和经验公式计算得到的轴向力变化规律更接近;在设计工况附近,定常和非定常方法计算得到的混流泵叶轮轴向力的数值与试验值的相对误差均约为10%;在小流量及大流量工况下,定常方法的计算值与试验值的相对误差约为30%,非定常方法的计算值与试验值的相对误差在10%之内。因此,非定常模拟方法可以更准确地预测混流泵的轴向力。     

Experimental study of the influence of flow passage subtle variation on mixed-flow pump performance

In the mixed-flow pump design, the shape of the flow passage can directly affect the flow capacity and the internal flow, thus influencing hydraulic performance, cavitation performance and operation stability of the mixed-flow pump. However, there is currently a lack of experimental research on the influence mechanism. Therefore, in order to analyze the effects of subtle variations of the flow passage on the mixed-flow pump performance, the frustum cone surface of the end part of inlet contraction flow passage of the mixed-flow pump is processed into a cylindrical surface and a test rig is built to carry out the hydraulic performance experiment. In this experiment, parameters, such as the head, the efficiency, and the shaft power, are measured, and the pressure fluctuation and the noise signal are also collected. The research results suggest that after processing the inlet flow passage, the head of the mixed-flow pump significantly goes down; the best efficiency of the mixed-flow pump drops by approximately 1.5%, the efficiency decreases more significantly under the large flow rate; the shaft power slightly increases under the large flow rate, slightly decreases under the small flow rate. In addition, the pressure fluctuation amplitudes on both the impeller inlet and the diffuser outlet increase significantly with more drastic pressure fluctuations and significantly lower stability of the internal flow of the mixed-flow pump. At the same time, the noise dramatically increases. Overall speaking, the subtle variation of the inlet flow passage leads to a significant change of the mixed-flow pump performance, thus suggesting a special attention to the optimization of flow passage. This paper investigates the influence of the flow passage variation on the mixed-flow pump performance by experiment, which will benefit the optimal design of the flow passage of the mixed-flow pump.     

混流泵叶轮三元可控速度矩的设计

介绍了一种混流泵叶轮叶片的设计方法——准三元设计法.该方法是以速度矩Vur为控制变量,通过正反问题迭代计算,从而构制出叶片,力求使叶轮叶片形状与叶轮内实际流态相吻合,从而得到性能优异的混流泵.     

Design optimization of mixed-flow pump impellers with various shaft diameters at the same specific speed

In this study, the hydraulic performance of a mixed-flow pump depending on the impeller hub ratio was analyzed using Computational- fluid-dynamics (CFD). The impeller inlet shape varies according to the hub ratio even at the same specific speed. It is important to ensure an optimum impeller design according to the hub ratio in order for the impeller shape to provide the desired performance at constant specific speed. The design variables of inlet part for meridional plane and vane plane development were defined for optimum impeller design. The objective functions were defined as the total head and total efficiency of the mixed-flow pump impellers. The optimum impeller design was carried out by controlling the design variables of impeller inlet parts by using the Response-surface-method (RSM). The tendency of impeller design variables depending on the hub ratio was identified by analyzing the optimum impeller design. Further, the impeller shape was designed on the basis of the tendency of the design variables depending on the hub ratio. Finally, the performance of an impeller with the designed shape was verified by numerical analysis.     

Multi-objective optimization for mixed-flow pump with blade angle of impeller exit and diffuser inlet

During design optimization, the impeller and diffuser of a mixed-flow pump are generally optimized separately. In such cases, the total head can be overdesigned. In this study, the designs of the impeller and diffuser were optimized simultaneously by using computational fluid dynamics and the Response surface method (RSM). Design variables were defined according to the vane plane development of the impeller and diffuser. Three-dimensional Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes equations for the shear stress transport turbulence model were discretized by finite volume approximations and solved on hexahedral grids to analyze the flow in the pump. The total head and total efficiency were selected as objective functions, with four design variables related to the impeller outlet angles and diffuser inlet angles used for optimization. The RSM was constructed based on the objective functions with design points generated from the central composite method. The hydraulic performance of the optimum model was analyzed.     

OPTIMIZATION METHOD ON IMPELLER MERIDIONAL CONTOUR AND 3D BLADE

An optimization method for 3D blade and meridional contour of centrifugal or mixed-flow impeller based on the 3D viscous computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis is proposed. The blade is indirectly parameterized using the angular momentum and calculated by inverse design method. The design variables are separated into two categories: the meridional contour design variables and the blade design variables. Firstly, only the blade is optimized using genetic algorithm with the meridional contour remained constant. The artificial neural network (ANN) techniques with the training sample data schemed according to design of experiment theory are adopted to construct the response relation between the blade design variables and the impeller performance. Then, based on the ANN approximated relation between the meridional contour design variables and impeller performance, the meridional contour is optimized. Fewer design variables and less calculation effort is required in this method that may be widely used in the optimization of three-dimension impellers. An optimized impeller in a mixed-flow pump, where the head and the efficiency are enhanced by 12.9% and 4.5% respectively, confirms the validity of this newly proposed method.