A novel integrated microfluidic platform based on micro-magnetic sensor for magnetic bead manipulation and detection

We present a novel integrated microfluidic platform based on micro-magnetic sensor for manipulating and detecting magnetic beads (MB). A micro-spiral planar coil in MB manipulating system microfabricated by micro-electro-mechanical system technology is implemented to manipulate MB, and a giant magnetoimpedance (GMI) based micro-magnetic sensor is employed to detect the trapped MB. In our work, MB can be efficiently trapped by trapping force generated from micro-coil in microchannel. Next, trapped MB are detected by the changing ratio of impedance, as well as the variation of resistance and reactance in GMI sensor for trapped MB induce weak stray magnetic field under the magnetization by external magnetic field. The maximum difference of GMI ratio between with beads condition and without beads condition is 4.0% at the optimum driving frequency of 20 MHz under the external magnetic field of 15 Oe, and resistance ratio varies more significantly than reactance ratio. In comparison with traditional MB detecting methods by GMI sensor, the integrated microfluidic platform based on GMI sensor can not only manipulate and detect MB signal sensitively, but also enhance detection efficiency and decrease the experiment errors. Furthermore, this platform avoids contamination from the solutions in chemically reactive layers and reduces assay time in future biomarker detection. In our work, the microfluidic platform based on GMI sensor has potential applications in biomarker detection via MB manipulation and detection.     

Latching micromagnetic optical switch

In this paper, we report a new type of latching micromagnetic optical switch. The key component of this optical switch is a cantilever made of soft magnetic material with a reflective surface serving as a mirror. The cantilever has two stable positions, therefore two stable states for the device, with presence of an external magnetic field. Input optical signal to the device is switched selectively to one of the two output ports when the device transitions between the two states upon short electromagnetic actuations. The optical switch is bistable because the cantilever has a tendency to align with the external magnetic field, and the torque to align the cantilever can be bidirectional depending on the angle between the cantilever and the magnetic field. Switching between the two stable states is accomplished by momentarily changing the direction and/or the magnitude of the cantilever's magnetization by passing a short current pulse through a planar coil underneath the cantilever. In either of its stable state, the cantilever is held in position by the combined influence of the static external magnetic field and mechanical force, such as from a physical stopper or a mechanical torque produced by the torsion flexures supporting the cantilever. Stable vertical position for the cantilever is obtained by using a tilted external magnetic field. When the cantilever mirror is at this UP state, light is reflected to the desired output port. Large angle deflection and bistable latching operations have been demonstrated. The measured mechanical switching speed between the two states of the prototype is 3.2 ms. Optical insertion loss is -4 dB, and the energy consumption is 44 mJ for each switching event.     

Chopping of a weak magnetic field by a saturable magnetic shield

A method for measuring a weak magnetic field with a Hall sensor is described. This method consists of chopping the magnetic field to be measured with a magnetic shield surrounding the Hall sensor. The magnetic shield is periodically driven into saturation by means of an excitation coil. Thus, the Hall device is alternately exposed to/shielded from the d.c. or slowly varying external field to be measured. During the time intervals when the magnetic shield is saturated, the external field passes and is detected by the Hall sensor. When it is not saturated the Hall sensor is shielded from the external field. This chopping method yields a magnetic measurement unaffected by 1/ƒ noise and offset errors of the Hall sensor, therefore improving its detectivity.     

巨磁阻抗磁传感器研究进展

巨磁阻抗效应是指材料的交流阻抗在外加直流磁场的作用下发生显著变化的现象,利用该效应研制的巨磁阻抗磁传感器具有灵敏度高、体积小和功耗低等特点,具有巨大的应用前景.分析了巨磁阻抗磁传感器的研究现状,重点介绍了磁场传感器、电流传感器和生物传感器的工作原理和特性,并指出了其目前存在的问题和发展趋势.     

Principles of nonlinear MEMS-resonators regarding magnetic-field detection and the interaction with a capacitive read-out system

This paper presents a magnetic field sensor with capacitive read-out, whose active element is a micromachined mechanical resonator. The MEMS magnetic field sensor exploits the Lorentz force to detect external magnetic flux density through the displacement of the resonant structure, which can be measured with optical and capacitive sensing techniques. The micromachined U-shaped cantilever features a length of 2 mm, a base width of 90 μm and a thickness of 20 μm, and is manufactured in SOI technology. The designed sensor has a measured resonant frequency of 4.359 kHz for the fundamental mode and a calculated mass of the flexible structure of 24.5 ng. A quality factor in the order of 10⁴ at an ambient pressure of 0.3 Pa has been measured where a magnetic field resolution of 15 nT can be achieved. Although these arrangements are well suited to capacitively sense the vibrations caused by the Lorentz force on the current lead on the silicon part, care has to be taken to avoid undesired mutual interferences. A serious interference was observed in case of a DC bias voltage at the readout capacitance and a significant voltage drop caused by the current needed for the generation of the Lorentz force. This work investigates in detail this phenomenon as well as the complete physical transduction chain and improves the understanding of such microelectromechanical systems significantly. An analytical model of the electrostatic system is established including all relevant components and their interactions as well as the motion of the MEMS part. The importance of electrostatic back-action for a feasible detection limit for magnetic fields was recognized for the first time.     

基于平面线圈的基波脉振磁场构造方法研究

为了减小电磁式时栅位移传感器的原始误差,提出了一种基于平面线圈的基波脉振磁场构造方法.通过研究现有电磁式时栅磁场构造方法和平面线圈磁场分布特性,利用各次谐波畸变率THD(Total Harmonic Distortion)最小的优化算法,得到平面线圈最优化布置参数,并且在数值分析和有限元分析软件中得到了验证.根据这些参数设置,设计了基于多匝方形平面线圈的新型电磁式时栅位移传感器.在150 mm量程内,新型时栅原始误差为-32μm~23μm,较现有电磁式时栅位移传感器减小了42.3%.     

Entanglement in dipolar coupling spin system in equilibrium state

We study the appearance of the entangled states in a one-dimensional finite chain of dipolar-coupling nuclear spins of 1/2 in the conditions of thermodynamic equilibrium. It is shown that entanglement is achieved by the application of a low external magnetic field in which the Zeeman interaction energy is the order of or even less than the dipolar interaction one. When these energies are equal, the critical temperature, i. e. the temperature of the entanglement appearance, coincides with the temperature at which the heat capacity of the spin chain achieves its maximum. The obtained relationship between the critical temperature and the magnetic field can be considered as an entanglement witness. The dependences of the heat capacity on temperature and magnetic field have different character for entangled and separable states and can be served for experimental detection of entangled states.     

Two-terminal ultrahigh frequency carrier type thin-film magnetic sensor using impedance matching lines

This article reports on output and band characteristics of the two-terminal ultrahigh frequency (UHF) carrier type magnetic field sensor, which is based on impedance change due to magnetic field dependent permeability, and a magnetic field is detected as an amplitude modulation of a UHF carrier voltage. Two types of transmission line configurations (type-A and type-B) are proposed to make a two-terminal sensor rather than the four terminals of the conventional sensor operating on this principle, because the two-terminal sensor is more advantageous in terms of designing and fabricating of the sensor element and the transmission lines than the four-terminal sensor. In the type-A, a half-wave impedance matching line is added between the element and the carrier power supplying points. Also, in the type-B, a carrier power is supplied on the quarter-wave matching line located between the element and the load. The type-A sensor exhibits a lower output and a much narrower 3 dB-bandwidth of a few tens of MHz than the four-terminal sensor. In contrast, a higher output than that in the four-terminal sensor and a 3 dB-bandwidth of ～100 MHz are confirmed in the type-B sensor by experiments and calculations.     

激励磁场对逆磁致伸缩索力传感器影响仿真

基于钢缆索索力传感理论模型和环式结构的索力传感器,对索力测量原理做了详细推导,传感器输出感应电压与激励磁场变化、加载外力变化、某一激励磁场下的材料磁导率及空气间隙尺寸等有关.重点分析了激励磁场变化对传感器输出的影响,分别在激励磁场为稳恒直流磁场、交流磁场、按矩形波规律变化磁场三种情况下对传感器输出进行了讨论和仿真分析.仿真结果表明,在稳恒磁场激励下,可通过感应积分电压求缓变外力,通过感应电压求得非缓变外力.在交流激励下.激励磁场频率对传感器输出有明显影响,频率越高,由激励磁场变化所引起的感应电压幅值越大.     

YBa_2Cu_3O_(7-y)的磁敏特性

本文使用YBa_2Cu_3O_(7-y)块试制了高T_c超导磁敏元件.研究了电极对磁敏元件输出的影响,及液氮温区磁敏元件的输出电压与磁场的关系.研究结果表明高T_c超导磁敏元件在弱磁场下有较高的灵敏度,有可能在弱磁场检测方面得到应用.     

基于金属涂覆多模光纤传感器对矿灯充电电源电流的测量

在矿灯用充电电源的电流检测领域中,特别是在电源处在给矿灯充电状态下,电流的监控非常重要。为了使检测安全、结构简单、成本低,使用金属涂覆多模光纤传感器检测是一种不错的选择。这种传感器是利用多模光纤的微弯效应设计一种强度调制型小电流光纤传感器,通过检测光纤末端输出光束的光能量的变化来实现小电流的检测。实验表明,该设计在一定的范围内能保证测量精度和速度,操作简单、设计灵活,有很好的应用价值。     

水下磁感应无线通信模块设计

为了解决海洋观测系统中传感器节点与主机之间的无缆信息传输问题,设计了一种基于磁场耦合的低功耗水下半双工无线通信模块。通过线圈之间的电磁感应进行信息传输,采用二进制频移键控(Binary Frequency Shift Keying,BFSK)调制方式对基带信号进行调制。选用超低功耗单片机MSP430F5338作为主控单元。通过内部定时器的输出模块产生调制载波,在外部中断中进行频率切换,实现信号调制;采用专用解调芯片XR2211实现信号解调。模块由通信总线上的信号唤醒,设计了一种通过软件检测载波信号的方法,降低误触发概率。实验结果表明,模块在水下间隔2米时,通信成功率达到100%。该模块实现方案简单,成本和功耗较低,满足海洋观测系统中的应用需求。     

基于TLE5012B的多圈绝对角度传感器设计

多圈绝对角度传感器是机器人、汽车电子核心部件之一.TLE5012B角度传感器基于集成巨磁阻(iGMR)技术,可检测封装磁场表面360°的变化,实现角度的非接触式测量.提出了三齿轮机械结构与TLE5012B角度传感器相结合的分段函数算法,实现对转轴旋转位置高精度、大量程的非接触式检测,完成角度传感器检测量程与检测精度的解耦.实验证明:利用该机械结构的分段函数算法所设计的绝对角度传感器可以实现检测量程可调,检测精度达到0.5°.     

高灵敏度弱磁传感器研究

磁传感器在生物医学、资源探测和航空航天等领域有巨大的应用价值,基于原子自旋的弱磁传感器拥有目前最高的磁场测量灵敏度。但通常的方案采用射频场调制或远离共振的激光检测,前者增加了磁力仪的线宽,而后者对激光频率的锁定带来了困难。为了解决以上问题,提出了一种基于激光强度调制和圆二向色性检测的原子弱磁传感器方案,详细描述了其工作原理和系统构成,并对原子弱磁传感器的性能进行了测试。实验结果表明:原子弱磁传感器的磁共振线宽为22 Hz,在对恒定磁场进行30 min连续测量时,峰峰值抖动小于9 pT,灵敏度达到了0.12 pT/Hz1/2。     

Micropatterning of sandwiched FeCuNbSiB/Cu/FeCuNbSiB for the realization of magneto-impedance microsensors

This work presents the fabrication of magnetic field microsensors based on the magneto-impedance phenomenon and dedicated to NDC applications. The multilayer structure, ferromagnetic/conductive/ferromagnetic, is composed of a copper layer sandwiched with two Finemet^? alloy films. The later, initially an amorphous material, is nanocrystallized by heat treatment. The fabrication process has been optimized in order to minimize coercivity and induce transversal anisotropy. The technological defects induced by the lift-off and sputtering processes change the magneto-impedance properties of the sensors. Eliminating these defects permits the sensor to reach to a sensitivity of 1,200 V/T/A at 30 MHz with a bias field larger than the anisotropy field and without hysteresis. The angular dependence of the sensitivity shows that the sensor is only sensitive to the axial component of the magnetic field.     

基于带电直导线周围磁场的磁传感器动静态特性标定方法

目前磁传感器多用于对静态或准静态磁场环境的测试,当被测磁场矢量快速变化时,磁传感器的动态特性成为影响其测量精度的关键因素。针对测试现场环境中难于产生标准的高频交变激励磁场源致使磁传感器动态特性无法准确快速标定的难题,提出一种基于带电直导线周围磁场的磁传感器动静态特性现场快速标定方法。首先提出并构建了一种基于带电直导线的标准宽频带磁场发生器,采用毕奥-萨伐尔定律分析了带电直导线周围磁场分布规律;其次通过在长直导线中加载典型交变激励电流,产生典型交变磁场,采用系统辨识方法实现对磁传感器动态特性标定;最后对某矢量磁传感器测量系统进行了时域、频域动态模型标定。实验表明所提出的磁传感器动态模型标定方法具有简便、快速、高效、准确的优点,便于工业现场对各类磁传感器进行动静态特性标定。     

基于TMR磁传感器的电力系统大电流测量

针对传统电力系统大电流测量方法存在体积大、测量范围窄、数字化程度低的问题,提出了一种新型的基于隧道磁电阻（TMR）磁传感器阵列测量大电流的方法。叙述了TMR效应和传感器的测量原理,利用磁传感器测量输入-输出特性,推导出电流测量数学模型,建立了磁传感器安放拓扑结构,解决了三相电流磁场相互干扰情况下电流测量不精确问题。以10kV高压开关柜为基础,设计出一种实验系统对测量模型进行验证。对采集数据进行拟合分析,得到影响磁传感器测量精度的2个因素：传感器安放位置和测量范围。通过对安放位置进行优化,确定磁传感器最佳放置位置。计算结果表明：TMR磁传感器具有很好的精度,能够达到测量要求。     

基于C8051F005的均匀轴向亚磁场产生和测量系统

根据亚磁场生物学实验要求,利用Silicon Labs的C8051F005微处理器设计了一种轴向亚磁场产生和测量系统.基于亥姆霍兹线圈产生磁场的基本原理设计了一种新的磁场产生结构,采用MAX038产生交变磁场的硬件电路,使用磁阻磁强计对磁场进行精确测量,用VC6.0设计了上位机软件,图形化显示从磁阻磁强计传输过来的数据.实测表明,新结构产生磁场的均匀性要比亥姆霍兹线圈产生的磁场均匀性好,磁场均匀范围宽.亚磁场随电流的变化呈线性变化,具有很好的可控性,可通过简单设置控制交流磁场的频率.     

基于双霍尔传感器的磁性小球悬浮控制系统研究

本文设计并实现了一种基于双线性霍尔传感器结构的磁性小球悬浮控制系统,在电磁驱动器底端及顶端中心位置各同向布置一个线性霍尔传感器,通过传感器信号调理电路,将两路传感器的输出信号作减法处理,消除了电磁驱动器磁场对传感器输出信号的影响。试验表明,磁性小球到电磁驱动器底端距离为16.46~42.46 mm时,调理电路输出电压值与磁性小球到电磁驱动器底端距离的负三次方成正比。基于PID控制策略,设计了一个磁性小球悬浮控制系统,选取合适的PID控制器参数,试验表明,系统的超调量和响应速度能够符合设计要求,磁性小球实现了在25 mm位置处的稳定磁悬浮,系统的位置控制精度达到±0.125 mm。     

磁致伸缩纵向导波传感器中偏置磁场的优化设计

偏置磁场大小是磁致伸缩纵向导波传感器设计的关键参数之一,最佳偏置磁场的选择受到材料和激励条件的影响,故要求导波检测系统中偏置磁场可调节性好.目前使用的偏置磁场有两种,其中螺线管线圈产生的磁场信号干扰大,信噪比低,永磁体提供的磁场可调节性不佳.为此,提出一种偏置磁场可以调节的结构方案,并通过该方案研制了一种可以调节的偏置...