超声相控阵B扫描成像系统研究

相控阵超声束的合成和聚焦是靠各阵元发射时的延迟来实现的,这需要很精确的延时控制和高速的数据采集。本文所研究的一套超声相控阵检测系统,对实时信号进行高速采集,将全部22个晶片发射和接收的信号进行存储,然后通过检测系统数据处理软件将所存储数据处理,改善了信噪比,提高了横向和纵向分辨力,完成了被检测处的B扫描成像。实验证明,本系统可用于工业无损检测。     

基于CPLD的超声相控阵高精度相控发射系统的实现

超声相控阵发射波束形成中的关键环节是对各阵元的发射相位延时进行精确控制，以得到灵活可控、指向性良好、焦点尺寸细小的聚焦声柬，从而获得被检物体的清晰成像。本文研制了基于复杂可编逻辑程器件（CPLD）和可编程数字延迟线（AD9501）的超声相控阵系统中的高精度相控发射系统。该系统可同时控制16通道，它的延时分辨率可达1ns，最大延时值达到655μs。     

一种能产生精确定时脉冲信号的PCI卡的设计

介绍了一种能够产生精确定时脉冲信号的PCI卡的设计。该卡产生的脉冲信号相对基准信号的定时精度可以达到500ps。该卡为PCI总线卡形式,采用了FPGA＋模拟延时芯片方式实现控制逻辑和定时。在FPGA内部设计的计时比较器为粗定时,模拟延时芯片为精密定时,最终在规定的精确时刻产生脉冲信号。     

小管径超声波测压发射电路分析设计

超声波发射电路是超声测量系统的重要组成部分,直接影响系统的测量精度.在简单分析现有典型超声波发射电路的基础上,设计了基于电感的低功耗发射电路,通过模型分析推导出了电路产生的高压脉冲信号的表达式和模拟图型.实验表明调试后的电路可以产生幅值为668.6V、脉宽为2μs的高压脉冲信号,此信号能够有效激励超声换能器产生幅值为312.5V、脉宽为3μs的超声波.设计的电路可以广泛应用于小管径超声测压、测流、探伤中.     

医学超声内镜中同步编码激励技术的设计与实现

为了提高医学超声内镜系统中的探测深度、分辨率及成像质量,在超声内镜成像系统中采用编码激励技术,首次将普遍用于开关电源电路设计中的"半桥"电路引入超声内镜编码激励电路.在只有正电压电源供电的情况下产生正负高压激励脉冲,利用电机转动的编码信号,设计了基于CPLD的同步编码激励电路,在保证与超声内镜主机FPGA同步的基础上,简化了超声内镜系统内信号的传递.实验中,同步编码激励电路发射的编码激励信号与理论码型一致,通过人体体模实验,获得的回波波形幅度达1.0Vpp,噪声20×10-3VPP~30×10-3Vpp,信噪比高达34 dB,波形与仿真结果一致.     

谐振高压传感器信号的高精度测量

差分谐振式高电压传感器的测量精度与后续频率测量电路的性能密切相关,而传统的谐振式传感器频率测量电路普遍存在精度和分辨率不高、响应速度慢以及携带不便等问题,针对这些问题,设计了一种基于现场可编程门阵列(FPGA)的高精度测频电路.该测频电路主体基于脉冲计数原理,同时利用Xilinx FPGA内的CARRY4延时单元构造T...     

基于多通道电刺激的食管起搏系统研究

针对研究功能性电刺激治疗贲门失弛缓症的需求,设计了一种基于多通道电刺激的食管起搏系统.系统以低功耗单片机MSP430为核心处理器,通过对前端脉冲发生信号的处理,控制低功率压控精密恒流电路,采用软件精确延时等技术实现了刺激脉冲的生成、多通道顺序输出、脉冲参数可调等功能.组织5名受试者参加了吞咽信号采集与处理实验.结果显示,系统可以100%检测到受试者吞咽引起的电压变化.将经采集处理后的电压变化值作为比较电路的阈值参数,进一步生成有效的脉冲发生信号.并且利用高精度示波器和万用表对系统生成的刺激脉冲的强度、频率、脉宽3种性能指标进行测试,对所有数据进行误差计算和分析.数据表明,实际测量值与理论值相对误差均小于2.5%,验证了设计原理的正确性和系统的可行性.     

可编程数字控制精密延时电路设计

设计一种基于斜波式发生器原理可编程数字控制精密延时电路,用恒流源电路充放电和18位的DA转换器分别接入高速比较器的两端,DA转换器预先设定一电压基准,恒流源充电电容达到电压基准,高速比较器开始反转,形成一个触发脉冲信号,然后充电电容通过高速二极管快速放电重新计时。设计成18bit数字控制可编程动态范围2ps的采集时间间隔,提高采集信号的精度和频率。     

管道腐蚀超声波在线检测技术

提出一种用于管道在线腐蚀检测的方法,基于超声波脉冲反射法检测原理,依据超声波在介质中的传播特性,研究系统的超声波发射电路和程控放大电路。实验结果表明:发射电路产生的高压负脉冲信号能够有效激励超声探头;程控放大电路可以解决回波信号因深度增加能量衰减的问题,获得的信号达到技术要求。系统能够完成管道在线腐蚀检测的需要,具有良好的应用价值。     

基于FPGA延迟线插入法的半导体激光测距

为了提高系统的集成度,同时兼顾精度,介绍用FPGA延迟线插入法采实现较高精度的脉冲激光测时、测距的原理和技术途径.FPGA延迟线插入法是在直接计数法的基础上,采用FPGA内部延时单元将时间间隔转化为数字量,经高速锁存器锁存后得到代表延时信息的温度计编码值来实现高分辨率的时间测量.提出了一种实用的高速时钟下(400 MHz)延迟线延时信息的锁存方法,并设计了FPGA时间数字转换电路及其延迟单元时间测量电路.测试结果表明,FPGA延迟线插入法可以将单点时间分辨率提高到80 ps,多次测量可达40 ps,对应距离分辨率为毫米级.将其应用于脉冲激光测距系统,进行了测距实验研究,给出了实验数据和测量误差分析,最终得到±10 cm的测距精度.     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Analysis of marine hydrobiont lipid extracts as possible cryoprotective agents

We studied a combined effect of the cryoprotectants both of lipid and carbohydrate origin at the presence of DMSO or without it on cell viability and the RNA synthesis in the embryonic mollusc and echinoderm cell cultures obtained at different developmental stages. Cryoprotective properties of exogenous lipids correlated with their thermotropic behavior. Lipid extracts from marine hydrobiontes, which thermal transitions are characterized by relatively small part of calorimetric thermogram area lying at temperatures above 0 °C (6–18%), were found to possess a considerable cryoprotective activity. The results are discussed in relation to the prediction of the cryoprotective activity of lipid extracts for marine animal cells. In addition, it was found that marine invertebrate cells can be cryopreserved without DMSO at the presence of trehalose and lipid extracts of some marine hydrobiontes.     

Low-Temperature Properties of Silver

Pure silver is used extensively in the preparation of high-temperature superconductor wires, tapes, films, and other configurations in which the silver not only shields the superconducting material from the surrounding materials, but also provides a degree of flexibility and strain relief, as well as stabilization and low-resistance electrical contact. Silver is relatively expensive, but at this stage of superconductor development, its unique combination of properties seems to offer the only reasonable means of achieving usable lengths of conductor. In this role, the low-temperature physical (electrical, thermal, magnetic, optical) and mechanical properties of the silver all become important. Here we present a collection of properties data extracted from the cryogenic literature and, to the extent possible, selected for reliability.