氟铜共掺杂TiO_2空心微球的制备及可见光催化性能

以钛酸四丁酯为钛源、氢氟酸为氟源、硝酸铜为铜源,乙醇为溶剂,采用蒸汽热法制备氟铜共掺杂的TiO_2空心微球,采用SEM、XRD、UV-Vis、BET等对氟铜共掺杂的TiO_2空心微球的形貌特征、晶相结构、吸光性能及氟、铜的存在形式进行表征,以阳离子蓝的光催化降解为目标反应,评价其光催化活性。结果表明:氟铜共掺杂的TiO_2空心微球主要通过水蒸气产生的气泡为模板获得,氟铜共掺杂增大TiO_2的比表面积,其中TiO_2以锐钛矿存在,Cu~(2+)进入TiO_2晶格中,大部分F以化学吸附态存在于TiO_2的表面形成≡Ti—F基团,少量F进入晶格内部。相比纯TiO_2空心微球,氟铜共掺杂的TiO_2空心微球的光催化活性明显提高,用氙灯模拟可见光,对初始浓度为20 mg/L的阳离子蓝溶液进行光催化降解,30 min后其降解率达到99.8%。     

均相沉淀法制备S掺杂TiO_2纳米粉体及其光催化性能

以Ti(SO4)2为钛源和硫源,尿素为沉淀剂,采用均相沉淀法制备了S掺杂TiO_2纳米粉体。采用X射线衍射(XRD)、热重差热(TG-DTA)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)及能量弥散X射线能谱(EDS)等测试手段对其进行了表征,以亚甲基蓝为模拟污染物,评价了不同煅烧温度的粉体在可见光下的光催化活性。结果表明:制得的粉体颗粒粒径约为20 nm,颗粒大小均匀;掺杂硫取代了TiO_2中的晶格氧形成Ti-O-S键,硫含量约为0.1%(原子分数);350~600℃煅烧温度下的粉体均为锐钛矿型,且随着煅烧温度的升高,晶粒发育愈趋完整;S掺杂TiO_2纳米粉体具有较高的可见光催化活性,18 W白色荧光灯照射下,550℃煅烧样品对亚甲基蓝在2 h时降解率达80.67%。     

混晶型TiO_2纳米管制备及其光催化性能

利用TiO_2粉体在高浓度NaOH溶液中水热反应制备TiO_2纳米管。通过X射线衍射、透射电镜、扫描电镜及紫外-可见光谱等表征手段,研究了不同金红石含量的TiO_2粉体对TiO_2纳米管晶体结构、表面形貌及光催化性能的影响。结果表明:单一金红石TiO_2粉体不利于纳米管的形成,具有锐钛矿-金红石混晶的TiO_2粉体可制备出形貌较为均匀的混晶型TiO_2纳米管;随着TiO_2粉体中金红石含量提高,所制备样品中的金红石相增多,光催化活性先增大、后减小,以锐钛矿为主晶相的混晶型TiO_2纳米管对甲基橙表现出较高的光催化降解活性。     

离子液体-水混合介质中合成介孔TiO_2及光催化活性北大核心CSCD

以四氯化钛为钛源,离子液体1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑六氟磷酸盐（[Bmim]PF6）／水为混合溶剂,采用液相水解-沉淀法合成纳米TiO2光催化剂。以苯酚为模型物,考察了TiO2紫外下催化活性。采用XRD、TG／DSC、TEM、FTIR、DRS、低温N2物理吸附．脱附等技术对催化剂的结构进行表征。结果表明,在离子液体／水混合溶剂中合成TiO2的光催化活性较纯水溶剂中合成TiO2的光催化活性高,且在较宽的活化温度范围内（500—700℃）都表现出较高的光催化活性。这-结果可归因于在离子液体／水混合介质中合成的TiO2颗粒小、分散性好、比表面积大（138m^2／g）、吸附性能强。另外,离子液体的存在-定程度上降低了TiO2粒子表面羟基数量及表面酸度,提高了锐钛矿相TiO2向金红石相转变的温度。     

TiO_2纳米棒复合材料的制备及生长过程研究

采用乙醇/水混合溶剂热法,制备以粉煤灰空心微球为基底的TiO_2纳米棒复合材料,研究了不同制备条件下纳米棒的形貌特点,分析其生长过程。结果表明:TiO_2纳米棒为金红石相,其形貌和尺寸与乙醇溶剂、钛源浓度、反应时间密切相关,适量的乙醇溶剂,使纳米棒结晶效果变好,四方棒状形貌明显,随着钛源浓度和反应时间的增加,TiO_2纳米棒尺寸增大;TiO_2纳米棒复合材料对罗丹明B具有较好的光催化降解效果。     

离子液体辅助阳极氧化法制备N掺杂TiO_2纳米管阵列及其光催化性能研究（英文）

以HF水溶液为电解液,离子液体(1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑四氟硼酸盐[BMIM]BF_4)为N源,采用阳极氧化法制备N掺杂TiO_2纳米管阵列。通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)、X射线光电子谱(XPS)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)和紫外-可见漫反射光谱(DRS)对N掺杂TiO_2纳米管阵列的表面形貌、晶型和氮元素的掺杂方式进行分析。以球形氙灯为光源,亚甲基蓝溶液为目标降解物测试N掺杂TiO_2纳米管阵列的光催化活性。结果表明,N掺杂TiO_2纳米管阵列对亚甲基蓝溶液的降解率明显高于未掺杂的TiO_2纳米管阵列。这是因为N掺杂后不仅使TiO_2禁带宽度变窄,并且N掺杂进入TiO_2晶格中形成O-Ti-N键和Ti-O-N键,使氧空位数量增加,从而使其光催化活性提高。     

WO_3修饰TiO_2纳米管阵列制备、表征及光催化活性（英文）

利用化学浴沉积(CBD)结合热解工艺制备了WO_3修饰TiO_2纳米管(WTN)阵列,且WTN阵列分布均匀。通过改变沉积时间可调整WTN的钨含量。利用SEM、EDX、XRD对WTN进行了表征。结果表明,阴极氧化后,TiO_2纳米管生长于钛体基体上,纳米管的内径为90~120 nm,外径为120~160 nm,壁厚在30~60 nm范围,长约39μm。经C.I.硫化红14的有效去除证实,修饰TiO_2纳米管的WO_3增强了WTN光催化活性,在可见光照射下,所制备复合膜光催化活性优于未修饰纳米管阵列(TN)。     

可见光波段高光催化活性纳米TiO2制备及性能

在乙醇-丙酮-吡啶混合溶剂中,以钛酸丁酯为反应前驱物,用有机溶剂水热法合成了高分散的纳米TiO2粉体.可见光激发下,所合成粉体对甲基橙具有高的光催化降解率.通过XRD,TEM和DTA-TG等手段分析了物相结构、颗粒尺寸和吸附特性,并与溶胶-凝胶法样品以及商品P25粉体对比.结果表明3种粉体在表面吸附物方面差异明显.水热法样品的表面吸附物量最多,并且发现该样品在265℃热处理过程中,可见光波段的光催化活性随DTA曲线268℃放热峰对应的表面吸附物减少而提高.分析表明,在乙醇-丙酮-吡啶混合溶剂中制备的纳米TiO2粉体的高光催化活性与表面吸附物有关.     

Mn-N共掺杂TiO_(2)/ZSM-5复合材料及光催化降解含氰废水EI北大核心CSCD

为了高效降解含氰废水并探究其降解行为,采用溶胶凝胶法制备了Mn-N共掺杂TiO_(2)/ZSM-5复合材料光催化剂,采用低温N_(2)吸附-脱附技术、SEM、XRD、UV-Vis等分析手段对其进行表征。以高压汞灯为光源,探讨了焙烧温度和TiO_(2)/ZSM-5质量比对复合材料的物性参数和光催化活性的影响。结果表明:在400℃焙烧且TiO_(2)/ZSM-5质量比为78.65%时,复合材料具有最佳的光催化活性。复合材料添加量为2.5g/L、溶液初始pH值为9.5时,经过3 h暗吸附和2.5 h光催化后,氰化物、铜和锌的去除率分别为98.15%、92.17%和100%。复合材料具有较高的稳定性,再生4次后,其对氰化物的去除率为96.02%。氰和锌的暗吸附过程符合伪二级吸附动力学,氰的光催化降解过程符合Langmuir-Hinshelwood模型。     

TiO_2/多孔g-C_3N_4纳米复合材料制备及性能研究

以硫酸钛为钛源,采用水热法成功制备了TiO_2纳米颗粒均匀负载于多孔g-C3N4表面的复合光催化材料。利用X射线衍射(XRD)、红外光谱(FT-IR)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM),紫外-可见漫反射(DRS)和荧光光谱(PL)等手段对样品进行表征,并以甲基橙为目标分解物考察了样品的可见光催化活性。结果表明:质子化作用是形成多孔结构的主要原因,且多孔性与Ti(SO4)2浓度高度相关。多孔结构的产生显著提高了复合材料对甲基橙的吸附能力。另一方面,TiO_2在g-C3N4表面原位形核生长,形成纳米结,光生电子-空穴对可通过纳米结有效分离,从而提高复合材料量子效率,增强光催化活性。不过,负载TiO_2后,复合材料的可见光响应特性有所降低。综合来看,当TiO_2与g-C3N4摩尔比为1/3时,所得复合材料光催化活性最强,降解甲基橙的一级反应速率常数为单一g-C3N4的11.1倍。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

THERMODYNAMICS STUDY ON THE DECOMPOSITION OF CHROMITE WITH KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

INFLUENCE OF HEAT TREATMENT ON DAMPING BEHAVIOUR OF THE MAGNESIUM WROUGHT ALLOY AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.