一种模拟舰船表面破坏的冲蚀、空蚀和腐蚀交互磨损试验研究

海洋装备表面材料破坏的主要原因是冲蚀、空蚀和腐蚀及其交互作用,而量化其表面磨损程度对海洋装备材料和结构的设计具有重要意义。冲蚀、空蚀和腐蚀交互磨损试验台是研究海洋装备表面材料破坏的有效工具。通过流场数值对比分析,在研究冲蚀和空蚀交互作用的基础上,优化设计了冲蚀、空蚀和电化学腐蚀交互磨损综合试验台,完成了人造海水中,不同材料的舰船工作表面受到高速流体冲击产生的冲蚀、空蚀和电化学腐蚀交互磨损试验。结果表明:同一种金属材料冲蚀、空蚀和电化学腐蚀交互作用的失重量大于冲蚀、空蚀和自然腐蚀交互作用的失重量,高强度塑性金属材料的腐蚀磨损较为严重,其三者交互作用的磨损程度大于低强度塑性金属材料。     

海洋环境下典型金属材料腐蚀与磨损研究进展

海洋环境下金属材料的腐蚀与磨损及其复杂的交互作用是影响海洋装备可靠性和工作效率的关键因素。在概述海洋环境下金属材料腐蚀和磨损的现象及问题的基础上,分析海洋环境下典型金属腐蚀与磨损的交互作用研究进展及发展趋势,并对不锈钢、钛合金与铝合金等主要海洋环境用金属材料在不同介质下的腐蚀与磨损问题进行探讨,重点阐述海洋环境下金属腐蚀与磨损中相互促进的正交互作用和相互抑制的负交互作用机制以及它们之间的相互影响、过渡和转换等方面的研究进展。在腐蚀与磨损正、负交互作用转变的过程中,从微观角度讲,奥氏体和马氏体相的多次转变是主要影响因素;而从宏观角度看,材料的摩擦因数、载荷、运动形式等动摩擦因素和Cl-浓度、pH值、频率及外加电位等电化学因素是两类主要影响因素。对比分析多种腐蚀与磨损交互作用的计算模型,阐述利用表面技术改善金属材料防腐耐磨性能的研究进展,提出金属材料腐蚀与磨损的负交互作用机制、微生物对腐蚀与磨损交互作用的影响机制、微动磨损与腐蚀的交互作用研究以及腐蚀与磨损交互作用量的准确量化是未来的研究重点。     

24Cr高铬铸铁三体腐蚀磨损过程中腐蚀与磨损的交互作用

本文研究了24Cr高铬铸铁在弱酸性介质条件下,三体腐蚀磨损过程中腐蚀与磨损的交互作用,初步建立了解析模型。探讨了基体组织,含碳量与稀土元素在腐蚀与磨损交互作用过程中的作用。     

碳钢奥氏体不锈钢材料在水电工程中应用的局限性

通过对水电站典型应用材料(55钢、1Cr18Ni9Ti、0Cr13Ni5Mo)在冲蚀磨损过程中电化学腐蚀及抗冲蚀磨损性能研究,区分出纯磨损、纯腐蚀、磨损对腐蚀的促进分量及腐蚀对磨损的促进分量等在材料失效过程中各占的比例,考察了试验材料的抗冲蚀磨损特性及其磨损与腐蚀间的交互作用,分析了其失效机制。结果表明:不同的冲蚀速度下,0Cr13Ni5Mo不锈钢的冲蚀磨损失重率最小,55钢最大;纯磨损是材料失去的主要方式:55钢虽然纯磨损量较小,但腐蚀及其磨损与腐蚀的交互作用失去量大,1Cr18Ni9Ti不锈钢虽然纯腐蚀量小,但纯磨损量大,因而都有应用的局限性。     

不同环境介质下氧化铝陶瓷与耐蚀金属摩擦磨损行为

为优选海水淡化高压泵关键零部件耐磨性能材料,以Al_2O_3陶瓷与TC4钛合金、316不锈钢、2205双相不锈钢组成的配对摩擦副作为研究对象,利用立式万能摩擦磨损试验机开展干摩擦、纯水及海水3种环境介质下配对材料的摩擦磨损试验,定量得到各摩擦副摩擦因数、磨损量,并对摩擦试样的表面形貌进行分析;采用正交试验法分析载荷、转速、环境介质对摩擦因数和磨损量的影响规律。结果表明:在相同的条件下,TC4钛合金与陶瓷配副摩擦因数较小,2205双相不锈钢与陶瓷配副磨损量较小;环境介质对摩擦因数影响较大,载荷对磨损量的影响较大;海水环境下2205双相不锈钢和316不锈钢磨痕较浅,磨损机制为疲劳磨损、磨粒磨损和腐蚀磨损的交互作用。     

Ti6Al4V合金在Saline溶液中的微动腐蚀特性

采用液压高精度微动试验机,做了Ti6A l4V/Si3N4摩擦副在干态、蒸馏水和Saline溶液等3种介质中的微动腐蚀试验,用激光共焦扫描显微镜(LCSM)观察了磨痕表面形貌并测量了磨损体积。结果表明:蒸馏水和Saline溶液改变了微动运行区域;空气中的摩擦因数与磨损体积最大,Saline溶液中最小,3种介质中的摩擦因数与磨损体积均随位移增加而增加;载荷增加时,磨损体积增大而摩擦因数减小;较大位移时,腐蚀与磨损交互作用显著地加速了Ti6A l4V的材料流失;微动损伤主要表现为剥落与磨粒磨损共同作用。     

304奥氏体不锈钢在H_2S+Cl~-+CO_2+H_2O环境下的慢应变速率拉伸腐蚀试验研究

通过慢应变速率拉伸腐蚀试验(SSRT),研究了304奥氏体不锈钢在H_2S+Cl-+CO_2+H2O复杂介质环境下的应力腐蚀敏感性,借助扫描电镜(SEM)、能谱分析仪(EDS)分析了断口形貌和腐蚀产物性质。在环境因素中主要考虑了H_2S浓度、Cl-浓度、CO_2浓度这三种介质参数单独或交互作用对材料应力腐蚀敏感性的影响。通过对试验数据进行逐步回归分析,建立了应力腐蚀敏感性指数随介质参数变化的数学模型,同时分析了各介质参数对304奥氏体不锈钢应力腐蚀影响的显著性。     

摩擦速度对Ti-6Al-4V合金腐蚀磨损的影响

采用腐蚀摩擦磨损试验机,进行了Ti合金/Al2O3摩擦副在林格溶液介质中的腐蚀磨损试验。试验在改变摩擦速度时对材料的耐腐蚀性能及钝化膜的再生能力进行了探讨。结果表明:摩擦破坏了Ti合金表面的钝化膜使电流密度上升。电流密度随摩擦速度的增大而增大。但是,钝化膜再生能力随摩擦速度的增大而减小。摩擦速度影响到磨损形态,速度小时主要以磨粒磨损形态为主,随着速度的增大磨损形态将过渡为腐蚀磨损和粘着磨损。     

不同pH氯化钠溶液对P110S油套管钢腐蚀磨损交互作用的影响

采用失重法和电化学方法研究了P110S油套管钢在不同pH氯化钠溶液中的腐蚀磨损行为,分析了试样表面的磨损产物。结果表明:试验钢在pH为3的氯化钠溶液中的腐蚀磨损速率最大,而在pH为7氯化钠溶液中的最小,在不同pH氯化钠溶液中,试验钢的腐蚀与磨损呈正交互作用;腐蚀磨损后试样的自腐蚀电位在pH为11的氯化钠溶液中最低,在pH为3,7的氯化钠溶液中相差不大,溶液pH对腐蚀磨损前试样的自腐蚀电位影响不大;随着氯化钠溶液pH的增加,试样表面磨损变形程度增大,腐蚀产物中氧、铁原子比减小。     

纯钛在去离子水和生理盐水中的复合微动腐蚀特性

在高精度液压式微动试验机上,采用球/平面接触方式,进行了纯钛(TA2/TA2)在干态、去离子水和生理盐水中的切向与径向复合微动试验.在动力学分析的同时,结合光学显微镜和扫描电镜(SEM)对磨痕进行了分析研究.结果表明:在去离子水和生理盐水中,复合微动载荷-位移曲线呈现准梯形和椭圆形2阶段特征;相同载荷条件下,2种介质中微动腐蚀的材料损失小于干态;生理盐水中摩擦耗散能比去离子水中大.在2种介质条件下,TA2的复合微动磨损表现为腐蚀磨损、磨粒磨损和剥层共同作用的机制.     

马氏体球墨铸铁腐蚀磨损特性研究

对马氏体球墨铸铁在不同pH值石英砂浆中的静载三体腐蚀磨损特性进行了试验研究,并与铬白口铸铁进行了对比。结果表明：无论在静栽三体磨料磨损或静载三体腐蚀磨损中,马氏体球置铸铁均优于低铬白口铸铁。适当提高含硅量,有利于提高腐蚀耐磨损性,而且在酸性砂浆中效果较明显。     

Corrosive wear of carbon and austenitic stainless steels in NaCl solution

The wear rates of an AISI 52100 carbon steel and a type 316 austenitic stainless steel and the corrosion current I from the rubbing steels were measured in NaCl solution to study the interrelationship between the corrosion and wear of the steels. An on-off cyclic loading test was also conducted to examine the effect of static corrosion during an unloading period on the corrosive wear of the steels.

It was found that the wear rates of the carbon steel and the type 316 stainless steel reach a maximum at NaCl concentrations of about 3% and 0.1% respectively. The on-off cyclic test has shown that corrosive wear of the steels is influenced by static corrosion during an unloading period. The increment †I of the corrosion current due to sliding was associated with the corrosive wear rate of the steels.     

ULSI制造中铜化学机械抛光的腐蚀磨损机理分析

以超大规模集成电路(ULSI)芯片多层互连结构制造中的关键平坦化工艺——铜化学机械抛光(Cu—CMP)为研究对象，针对Cu—CMP中存在的抛光液的化学腐蚀作用和磨料的机械磨损现象，采用腐蚀磨损理论分析了Cu—CMP材料去除机理。提出铜CMP的材料去除中存在着机械增强的化学腐蚀和化学增强的机械磨损，并分析了Cu—CMP的静态腐蚀材料去除、机械增强的腐蚀去除与化学增强的机械去除机理。     

Synergy between corrosion and wear of electrodeposited Ni-P coating in NaCl solution

An immersion block-on-ring tester was employed in this study to investigate the interaction between wear and corrosion of electroplated Ni-P coating in 5% NaCl solution. The weight loss and the coefficient of friction of the specimen under different bath temperatures and overpotentials were measured. The results showed that at temperature of 50 °C and overpotential of +600 mV_SCE, which was within the transpassive region of its polarization curve, a severe synergy between corrosion and wear was observed. However, at lower temperatures and overpotentials, the interaction between wear and corrosion was hardly noticed.     

Corrosion-Wear Resistance and Interfacial Morphologies of Novel Fe–Cr–B Cast Steels in Molten Aluminum

In order to improve the corrosion–wear resistance properties of steels in molten aluminum, novel Fe–Cr–B cast steels with different boron concentrations were prepared. The steels were investigated at 750 °C for 0.5 h using a ring-block corrosion–wear test, and the interfacial morphologies were examined. Results showed that the corrosion–wear resistance of the Fe–Cr–B cast steel was three times that of H13, and benefited greatly from the effects of the primary Cr-rich Fe₂B, which bore the main load during the corrosion–wear test. The corrosion–wear behavior of the coarse primary Cr-rich Fe₂B in molten aluminum was clearly different from that in static molten aluminum.     

Effects of cathodic protection on corrosive wear of 304 stainless steel

Corrosive wear involves interaction of electrochemical and mechanical processes. The synergism of these two processes often results in significant material loss, compared to those caused by individual processes. Reduction of either corrosion or wear may effectively decrease material loss under certain circumstances. Since cathodic protection can reduce corrosion of metallic materials, it may also diminish corrosive wear if the corrosion process is suppressed. However, under a cathodic potential (potentiostatic condition) or enforced current (galvanosatic condition), properties of a material could be affected and thus its corrosive wear behavior could be different from what is expected. The present research demonstrated that cathodic protection under potentiostatic condition was beneficial under low wearing force but it became ineffective under higher wearing forces or more negative cathodic potentials. Hydrogen embrittlement could be responsible for this change.     

Influence of FSP on the microstructure,microhardness, intergranular corrosion susceptibility and wear resistance of AA5083 alloy

This article investigates the role of friction stir processing (FSP) process parameters on the evolution of microstructure, hardness, intergranular corrosion resistance and wear resistance of aluminium alloy AA5083. The FSP trials are performed by changing the process parameters as per face-centered central composite design. The friction stir processed (FSPed) specimens subjected to intergranular corrosion test and wear test are characterized using field emission scanning electron microscope, energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction. Outcomes suggest that grain refinement, dispersion and partial dissolution of secondary phase has simultaneously increased the hardness, intergranular corrosion resistance and wear resistance of the FSPed specimens. The study found that tool rotation speed of 700?rpm, tool traverse speed of 60?mm?min^?1 and shoulder diameter of 15?mm results in maximum hardness, wear resistance and intergranular corrosion resistance.