改性纳米SiO2/短氟碳链聚合物复合乳液的制备及拒水性研究

以正硅酸四乙酯(TEOS)与γ-甲基丙烯酰氧基丙基三甲氧基硅烷(MPS)为原料,采用一步缩合法制备MPS改性纳米SiO2,然后采用原位乳液聚合法制备改性纳米SiO2/短氟碳链聚合物复合乳液,通过红外光谱(FT-IR)、粒径分析、热失重分析(TGA)等方法分别表征产物结构、粒径及分布、热稳定性能,并对复合乳液整理后的涤纶织物进行拒水性能测试,利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)表征整理前后织物的表面微观形态.结果表明:制备的复合乳液颗粒粒径分布均匀,具有较好的耐热稳定性,改性纳米SiO2的引入提高了整理织物的表面粗糙度,整理后织物对水的接触角达到151°,沾水等级达到90分,拒水性能明显提高.     

纳米TiO2/SiO2的制备及光催化降解漂白废水中的苯酚

以钛酸四丁酯、正硅酸乙酯作为前驱体水解,用溶胶-凝胶法制备了纳米TiO2/SiO2复合物,用X-射线衍射(XRD)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)和紫外-可见光谱(UV-Vis)对其相组成和结构进行了表征.XRD分析表明,纳米TiO2/SiO2粒子在煅烧温度高达900℃时也未出现金红石型,而且随着SiO2含量的增加,TiO2/SiO.晶体颗粒越来越小.TEM照片显示,TiO2/SiO2纳米粒子形状基本为球形,粒径20～40nm.UV-Vis分析表明,SiO2含量的增加使得TiO2/SiO2吸收峰发生红移,吸光度也大大增加.另外,TiO2/SiO2粒子在降解苯酚的过程中表现出高催化活性,其中配比为90/10(Ti/Si质量比)的TiO2/SiO2粒子催化性能最好,其在125W紫外灯下照射8h后,苯酚的降解率达到83.1%.     

纳米TiO2/SiO2涂布颜料的制备及其喷墨打印性能的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法制备了纳米TiO2/SiO2复合材料,用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)和红外光谱(FT-IR)对其结构进行了表征。FT-IR光谱、TEM和SEM谱图分析表明,TiO2与SiO2基质之间存在着Ti—O—Si键,纳米TiO2/SiO2粒子形状基本为球形,粒径大小为20~50 nm。将纳米TiO2/SiO2复合材料用作喷墨打印涂布颜料,能够改善纸页平滑度、吸收性能、提高图像打印和印刷质量。     

微米级二氧化硅微球的制备及其粒径调控

为解决传统St?ber法制备的SiO2微球粒径不易调控且尺寸难以突破微米级的问题,首先采用溶剂调控法合成了均匀亚微米级SiO2悬浊液（种子溶液）,然后通过种子生长法制备大粒径的微米级SiO2微球。测试与分析结果表明,SiO2微球粒径为300～1 600 nm,尺寸均匀可控;匀速加料有助于提高微球的均匀性。该方法具有低成本、可重复操作的优势。     

偶联剂改性纳米SiO2的制备与表征

以正硅酸乙酯为原料,通过改进的溶胶-凝胶法制备了纳米SiO2悬浮液,利用γ-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷(KH-550)和γ-(甲基丙烯酰氧基)三甲氧基硅烷(KH-570)对纳米SiO2粒子进行了表面改性.利用紫外-可见分光光度计(UV-Vis)、红外光谱(FT-IR)、N2吸附脱附仪、透射电子显微镜(TEM)和水接触角(WCA)等对改性前后的样品进行了表征.结果表明,改性纳米SiO2的分散性得到了改善,疏水性明显增强.     

纳米SiO_2溶胶的制备工艺条件探讨

通过溶胶-凝胶法制备了纳米SiO2溶胶,分析了pH、水解度、溶剂对凝胶时间和粒径的影响,确定了最佳工艺条件:溶剂是无水乙醇和蒸馏水的混合液,pH=3,水解度H2O/TEOS选择6:1。     

染色废水的SiO2/TiO2负载棉织物的光催化降解

将高吸附性SiO2水溶胶与低温制备的锐钛型纳米TiO2溶胶以不同的物质的量之比混合,再通过浸轧焙烘工艺将其负载于棉织物表面,得到SiO2/TiO2整理棉织物。测试了SiO2/TiO2整理棉织物的光催化作用,以及整理棉织物上SiO2含量对染料脱色率的影响。结果表明,当n(SiO2)∶n(TiO2)=1∶1～1∶3,它们能够形成粒径小且均匀的溶胶,在织物表面形成致密均匀的结晶薄膜,且SiO2/TiO2整理棉织物对染料有很佳的光催化活性。     

非晶态合金Ni-P/SiO2催化剂在油脂加氢中的研究

采用次磷酸钠还原镍盐法,以特制SiO2为载体,制备了负载型非晶态合金Ni-P/SiO2大豆油加氢催化剂,在催化剂制备过程中对引发次磷酸钠还原镍盐反应的两种方法进行了比较,发现KBH4法明显优于NaOH法,研究了还原剂次磷酸钠和载体的用量对催化剂活性的影响。研究表明:在次磷酸钠还原镍盐中加入KBH4引发反应,次磷酸钠∶Ni2 =3∶1(摩尔比),SiO2∶Ni2 =1∶3(克数比)的条件下制备的催化剂在大豆油加氢中活性最高;催化剂最佳用量为0.5%。同时采用IR对原料和氢化产品进行了表征和说明。     

纳米SiO2改性4 种大分子材料的乳液制备及性质

为提高乳液稳定性,采用纳米SiO2改性明胶（gelatin,GE）、大豆分离蛋白、壳聚糖和阿拉伯胶（gum arabic,GA）制备茶油乳液。以乳化活性、乳化稳定性、离心稳定性、平均粒径、流变特性为考察指标,探究质量分数3.000%的纳米SiO2对4 种大分子材料复合乳液性质的影响,并对乳液的微观结构及油滴分布进行观察。结果表明,纳米SiO2能增强乳液稳定性,其中GE-纳米SiO2复合乳液综合性质最佳。添加纳米SiO2后乳化活性和乳化稳定性显著增加（P＜0.05）,离心稳定性降低68.444%。平均粒径为8.472 μm,乳液粒径最小且分布均匀,表面光滑呈球状。流变表现为典型的弱凝胶特性,稳定性良好。研究结果可为天然高分子和纳米SiO2乳液的制备和应用提供实践基础。     

改性SiO2水溶胶在棉织物超疏水整理中的应用

采用溶胶-凝胶法,以甲基三甲氧基硅烷为前驱体,氨水为催化剂．十六烷基三甲氧基硅烷为添加剂．在表面活性剂十二烷基苯磺酸钠作用下制备了改性纳米SiO2水溶液．并将其成功应用于棉织物的超疏水整理中。通过控制氨水用量和表面活性剂浓度．制备了不同颗粒尺寸及粒径分布的改性SiO2水溶胶．讨论溶胶粒径大小及分布对棉织物拒水性的影响。     

全光谱SiO2结构色薄膜的加色法制备及其光学性能

为解决在制备不同粒径的小球来实现全光谱结构色过程中工作量大的问题,采用溶剂调控法合成粒径均匀的304、260、200 nm的SiO₂纳米颗粒,利用三原色加色法原理将3种不同粒径的纳米SiO₂悬浮液按照不同质量比两两混合,然后放在烘箱中进行重力沉降自组装,制备出全光谱非晶光子晶体结构色薄膜,探究混合比例对SiO₂光子晶体结构色的影响。同时为提高结构色的饱和度,将墨水添加到不同混合比例的SiO₂悬浮液中,研究墨水质量分数对光子晶体结构色的影响。结果表明：随着小粒径SiO₂比例的增加,结构色会出现蓝移现象;墨水质量分数越高,结构色亮度越低,色度呈先增加后减小趋势,当墨水质量分数为0.4%时,结构色饱和度最好。     

柔性光子晶体结构生色膜的制备及其光学性质

针对硬质纳米微球所构筑的光子晶体在外力作用下结构易损坏,结构色耐久性差的问题,采用分步法合成内刚外柔型聚苯乙烯/聚(甲基丙烯酸甲酯-丙烯酸丁酯)(PS/P(MMA-BA))纳米微球,然后通过熔融剪切法快速制备柔性光子晶体结构生色膜。结果表明:纳米微球制备中内核交联剂二乙烯苯(DVB)可增加PS内核的交联密度和折光指数,使之与外层产生一定的折光指数差,且可与外层P(MMA-BA)共价连接;外层交联剂甲基丙烯酸烯丙酯(ALMA)可使纳米微球外层形成一定的交联点而提高外层的稳定性;当DVB用量为苯乙烯(St)的12.5%,ALMA用量为MMA与BA总量的0.3%时,光子晶体结构生色膜具有优良光学性质和力学性质,产生的结构色鲜艳明亮,且耐弯折、耐冲洗、耐摩擦;适应此类纳米微球组装的熔融剪切法,能快速大面积制备柔性光子晶体结构生色膜。     

针织物表面结构色的构建

为减轻印染行业带来的环境问题,将生色效果良好的光子晶体结构色运用于针织物表面。首先制备大小均匀、粒径可控的二氧化硅(SiO₂)纳米颗粒,然后通过重力沉降法将颗粒自组装到不同的针织物表面获得结构色。探讨了SiO₂颗粒粒径、自组装温度、织物组织结构对针织物表面结构色显色效果的影响。结果表明:不同粒径的SiO₂纳米颗粒在针织物上产生了不同的结构色,结构色的反射波峰的波长由SiO₂的粒径决定,且符合布拉格衍射定律;在其他实验条件相同的情况下,较低温度的自组装所得到的结构色显色效果较好,较光滑的纬平针织物的显色效果要更优。     

甘油对大豆分离蛋白/海藻酸钠复合膜热分解的影响

本文采用流延法制备了一系列甘油增塑、与海藻酸钠共混改性的大豆分离蛋白/海藻酸钠复合膜,并利用热重分析方法对这些复合膜的热分解性能进行了考察.热分解实验中,通过改变升温速率,研究甘油含量对大豆分离蛋白/海藻酸钠复合膜热分解性能的影响.从所得到的TGA和DTA曲线可知,大豆分离蛋白/海藻酸钠复合膜的热分解行为可以分为三个较明显的降解阶段.根据失重速率的变化确定热分解反应最剧烈的温度区间为420 ～630K,对此采用Coats-Redfern方法进行了热分解动力学分析,并得出该阶段为一级热分解反应的结论.通过动力学模型,可以计算得到这些复合膜热分解反应的动力学参数,如表观活化能和指前因子.实验结果显示,甘油的加入使复合膜更易热分解;计算也表明热分解活化能随着甘油量的增加而不断下降,降幅可达50％.     

A Study on Extraction and Characterization of Keratin Films and Nanofibers from Waste Wool Fiber

ABSTRACT

Fabrication and characterization of keratin films extracted from waste Merino wool fiber using two different methods and three different pH concentrations is the main focus of this study. Also, wool keratin (WK) loaded polymer surfaces were fabricated. The chemical, structural and morphological characteristics of keratin extracted from aqueous solutions were analyzed and compared for both methods. It is concluded that optimized results in this study could contribute in future research studies to select the parameters and methods to extract keratin films from recyclable wool fibers. Also, WK loaded nanofibrous films could be potential in filtration, air purification and tissue engineering.     

Degradability of Different Phosphorylated Starches and Thermoplastic Films Prepared from Corn Starch Phosphomonoesters

Different starch types (corn, rice, potato, corn amylose and corn amylopectin) were phosphorylated to varying degrees of substitution (DS) and tested both for acid hydrolysis during 3 h in a boiling bath and for enzymatic hydrolysis with a thermostable bacterial α‐amylase (Bacillus licheniformis) for 30 min at 95 °C. Generally, phosphorylated starches showed a reduced degree of acid hydrolysis during the entire time of hydrolysis (3 h) as well as reduced susceptibility to α‐amyIase hydrolysis. The enzyme action was inhibited by the presence of phosphate groups in the modified starch molecules and the extent of inhibition increased with increasing degree of phosphate substitution, regardless of the starch type. Thermoplastic films were fabricated by blending modified corn starches of different DS with polyacrylate, urea and water at a ratio of 4:5:1:50, heating for 30 min at 95 °C before casting and allowing to cool, stand and dry at room temperature. The plastic films prepared from phosphorylated corn starch showed both higher disintegration rate and a greater degradability by thermostable bacterial α‐amylase than the ones prepared from non‐phosphorylated starch. These new acquired properties can meet the increasing demand for biodegradable disposable plastic bags.     

Control of salmon oil photo-oxidation during storage in HPMC packaging film: Influence of film colour

The efforts are being made to design protective hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) colour packages to avoid photo-oxidation of edible fats and oils. In the present study, edible films of HPMC containing different edible colours like blue, green, yellow, red and white were tested for their ability to avoid photo-oxidation in salmon oil. The samples taken in petri-dishes and covered with coloured HPMC films of thickness 40 μm were placed under fluorescent light at 20 °C. During storage, chemical parameter of oil quality such as fat oxidation was monitored during 8 days of storage. Oxygen consumption by gas chromatography, conjugated diene values by spectrophotometery and fatty acid composition by gas chromatography (GC) was measured. The results of our study show that HPMC films with suitable edible colours act as adequate light barrier to avoid photo-oxidation of salmon oil during extended storage. HPMC films containing white, red and yellow edible colours show good control of oil photo-oxidation almost similar to the control samples stored in darkness. Oil samples treated with blue and green edible films show gradual increase in oil oxidation with increasing time of light exposure. Oxidation behaviour of samples treated with blue and green films was almost similar to the samples stored in transparent films.     

醇相体系制备高纯甘油磷脂酰胆碱的研究

探讨了在醇相体系中甲醇钠催化制备甘油磷脂酰胆碱(L-alpha glycerylphosphorylcholine)的可行性,建立了磷脂酰胆碱(phosphatidylcholine)和L-α-GPC的HPLC-ELSD检测方法,研究了温度、料液比、甲醇钠添加量、反应时间对PC转化率和GPC得率的影响。利用Design Expert软件对工艺参数进行优化,得最佳条件:温度35℃、料液比3/20(g/mL)、甲醇钠添加量2 mL、反应时间1.5 h,GPC得率为88.2%。极差分析结果,反应条件对GPC得率影响的顺序为:甲醇钠添加量>温度>反应时间>料液比。大豆粉末磷脂的醇解反应液经过硅胶柱色谱纯化,最终可以得到纯度为99.8%的L-α-GPC,回收率78.4%,这为工业级规模制备高纯L-α-GPC提供了一种好的思路和方法。     

Structure and mechanical properties of sodium and calcium caseinate edible active films with carvacrol

Edible active films based on sodium caseinate (SC) and calcium caseinate (CC) plasticized with glycerol (G) at three different concentrations and carvacrol (CRV) as active agent were prepared by solvent casting. Transparent films were obtained and their surfaces were analysed by optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The influence of the addition of three different plasticizer concentrations was studied by determining tensile properties, while Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) were used to evaluate the structural and thermal behavior of such films. The addition of glycerol resulted in a reduction in the elastic modulus and tensile strength, while some increase in the elongation at break was observed. In general terms, SC films showed flexibility higher than the corresponding CC counterparts. In addition, the presence of carvacrol caused further improvements in ductile properties suggesting the presence of stronger interactions between the protein matrix and glycerol, as it was also observed in thermal degradation studies. FTIR spectra of all films showed the characteristic bands and peaks corresponding to proteins as well as to primary and secondary alcohols. In summary, the best results regarding mechanical and structural properties for caseinates-based films containing carvacrol were found for the formulations with high glycerol concentrations.     

The preparation of visible emulsions and its applications to cosmetics

We developed a preparation method for visible emulsion droplets (0.05–3 mm) consisting of a solid type oil and a liquid type oil. It was found that (1) using amphiphiles as the solid oil gave a spherical and visible sized particle and (2) behenyl alcohol was the most preferable amphiphile to make a large sized particle. DSC measurement and microscopic observation of the particle showed that the amphiphilic solid oil built a shell on the outer side of the particle and the shell protected the emulsion against aggregation and coalescence. It was found that the preparation of an extremely large emulsion could create innovative functions in the cosmetic field. The visible sized emulsion could provide a freshening feel in the early stages of the application and an emollient feel after rubbing into the skin. Furthermore, since this emulsion could protect an unstable lipophilic material from hydrolysis, it offers a suitable storage for useful cosmetic ingredients such as lipophilic drugs and hydrophobic powders.