功率对激光热处理ZA35合金组织和性能的影响

用RC-LCD-1500-D-443-N激光熔覆工作站研究了功率对激光热处理ZA35合金组织、硬度和电化学性能的影响。结果表明:激光功率为850 W时,激光热处理ZA35合金枝晶的方向性减弱,晶粒细小,一次枝晶臂和二次枝晶臂尖端圆整,二次枝晶臂间距和腐蚀电流密度分别为15.26μm、1.087μA/cm~2,与未激光热处理ZA35合金相比分别减小61.4%和62.6%,表面硬度增加22.5%。适宜激光功率850 W处理后的ZA35合金耐蚀性能增强的主要原因是合金的容抗弧半径增加,极化电阻增大,电极双电层电容下降,腐蚀驱动力降低。     

高压凝固对Al-Mg合金枝晶形态的影响

利用OLYMPUS光学显微镜研究了高压凝固对Al-9．6Mg合金枝晶形态的影响。结果表明，与常压下典型的破碎的粗大枝晶组织相比，高压凝固条件下，枝晶臂较完整，二次枝晶间距减小，并且大部分一次枝晶臂增长。从高压对成分过冷和热过冷的影响及溶质扩散角度探讨了枝晶形态的变化机理。高压这种极端凝固条件为改变合金的组织形态提供了一种新途径。     

均匀化处理对ZA35-0.3Zr合金组织及性能的影响

为了探索均匀化处理对ZA35-0.3Zr合金组织和性能的影响规律,通过组织分析、力学性能、电化学性能测试,确定了ZA35-0.3Zr合金均匀化处理的适宜温度和时间。结果表明,ZA35-0.3Zr合金枝晶偏析明显,晶界上Cu富集严重,存在非平衡β相。随着均匀化处理时间增加,ZA35-0.3Zr合金中CuZn5相逐渐消除,β相共析分解程度加大。对合金进行370℃×12h均匀化处理后,晶界处CuZn5相消除,枝晶偏析大大减少,同时非平衡β相基本消除,抗拉强度为306MPa,伸长率为7.35%。在3.5%的NaCl溶液中,开路电位与未均匀化处理合金相比变正,腐蚀电流密度减小了33.1%,耐腐蚀性增强。ZA35-0.3Zr合金适宜的均匀化处理工艺为370℃×12h。     

三元合金凝固过程枝晶生长数值模拟

建立了使用元胞自动机方法结合合金凝固过程动量、能量和质量传输计算三元合金枝晶形貌与偏析发展的数学模型.把该数学模型应用到了Fe-C-Si三元合金凝固过程,枝晶臂的生长、粗化过程,以及枝晶间的微观偏析得到了再现.同时该数学模型也描述了凝固过程熔体流动对Fe-C-Si合金凝固过程枝晶形貌发展的影响.     

Ti、Ni对ZA27合金组织及力学性能的影响

采用CMT5205微机控制电子万能拉伸机、扫描电镜、金相显微镜等仪器对ZA27合金的力学性能及微观组织进行测试和分析,研究添加Ni、Ti对ZA27合金的微观组织及力学性能的影响。结果表明:0.4%Ni的加入可以有效细化ZA27合金组织,并在合金非平衡共晶组织中形成富含镍的颗粒,同时使共晶组织变得粗大;添加0.4%Ni和0.3%Ti可进一步细化合金枝晶组织及网状共晶组织,晶界中富镍相和ε相颗粒变小,分布均匀。在150℃时,单独添加0.4%Ni的合金抗拉强度比ZA27合金提高33%,但塑性较差。同时添加0.4%Ni和0.3%Ti的合金抗拉强度比ZA27合金提高50.7%,伸长率比单独添加0.4%Ni时提高38%。     

超声施振温度对A357合金二次枝晶臂间距的影响

通过测量和分析了不同超声施振温度下A357合金的二次枝晶臂间距,研究了超声施振温度对A357合金二次枝晶臂间距影响的规律,建立了A357合金二次枝晶臂间距与超声施振温度和试样直径的关系。研究结果表明,超声施振温度对A357合金的二次枝晶臂间距影响显著,在相同的施振温度下,随着试样直径的增大,A357合金的二次枝晶臂间距增大;对于同一直径下的试样,随着超声施振温度的增加,铝合金二次枝晶臂间距先增大再减小最后又增大;超声施振温度大于700℃时,超声施振温度对试样的二次枝晶臂间距的影响较大,超声施振温度小于700℃时,试样直径对二次枝晶臂间距的影响较大。     

凝固时施加振动对ZA27合金组织及性能的影响

本文研究了凝固时施加振动对ZA27合金的密度、显微组织及机械性能的影响。结果表明,振动可以提高合金的密度,细化晶粒组织,减小二次枝晶臂间距,增加组织中共晶体的体积分数,并使夹杂物细小且均匀分布,从而使合金的韧性,塑性大幅度提高。     

第二代耐热腐蚀镍基单晶高温合金DD489及其典型性能

研究了燃气轮机用第二代耐热腐蚀单晶高温合金DD489的显微组织,组织稳定性,典型力学性能和耐腐蚀性能,并与RenéN5合金进行了比较。结果表明:DD489合金的一次枝晶臂间距为345. 0μm,固/液相线温度分别为1370. 1℃和1400. 8℃。标准热处理态合金枝晶干部位γ'相形貌接近立方体形,面积分数为68. 4%。DD489合金950℃长期时效γ'相粗化速率小于RenéN5合金。DD489合金具有优异的组织稳定性,耐热腐蚀性能与RenéN5合金相当,承温能力较RenéN5高约10℃,能够满足重型燃气轮机涡轮叶片的使用要求。     

定向凝固Zn-Al合金先共晶组织及电化学性能的研究

利用水平Bridgman定向凝固装置,在直流稳恒磁场下,对Zn-35Al-2.4Cu合金进行定向凝固试验。通过组织分析、二次枝晶臂间距测试、电化学性能测试,研究了磁场对Zn-Al合金先共晶组织和电化学性能的影响。结果表明,随着凝固速率增加,Zn-Al合金先共晶组织的二次枝晶臂间距逐渐减小,组织细化。在电流为80A、凝固速率为1K·s-1时,Zn-35Al-2.4Cu合金先共晶组织的二次枝晶臂间距最小,为24.294μm,在3.5%的NaCl溶液中腐蚀电流密度最小,为11.62μA/cm2,耐电化学腐蚀性能最优。     

铝含量对ZA合金组织及耐磨性的影响

研究了铸态ZA合金的微观组织和耐磨性.结果表明:高铝锌合金的铸态组织由初生α相和(α η)共析体组成.随着铝含量的增多,合金中的初生α相增多,共析体减少,合金的二次枝晶臂间距变化不明显;同时合金的耐磨性随铝含量的增多而增大.     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

THERMODYNAMICS STUDY ON THE DECOMPOSITION OF CHROMITE WITH KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

INFLUENCE OF HEAT TREATMENT ON DAMPING BEHAVIOUR OF THE MAGNESIUM WROUGHT ALLOY AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.